1. Ingeniería

Amateur Radio computer compatible Networks
Part 1 – Mesh
Part 2 – Microwave Back-bone
Part 3 – EmComm
Keith Elkin, KB3TCB
Frederick, Maryland
February 2, 2015
Let me start with a poll
• Who has heard of
–Broadband-Hamnet (HSMM-Mesh)?
• Who has heard of
–BCWARN, HamWan
• Who has heard of
–Central PA IP Network (CPIN) ?
Those who went before
BCWARN
HamWAN
Broadband-Hamnet
Central PA IP Network
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Broadband-Hamnet, HSMM-MESH™
HamWAN
BCWARN
Central PA IP Network (CPIN)
Take Home Points
• The Future is Digital
– TCP based Radio, TCP based Radio
– Supports all media
• No central point of failure
– Redundancy, Redundancy, Redundancy
• Established support crew.
• Established the Back-bone
• Bandwidth Regulated Spectrum
• There is nothing sacred about any topography
– Bus, ring, star, tree, mesh
MESH automatically finds Routes
• Mesh nodes with same SSID auto join
• Self-configured, Adds routers as they show up
• In a MESH as a new node appears, the routing tables are
recreated to account for the new node.
• Finds shortest route
• Self Healing
– Once fixed, node rejoins the mesh
• Fault Tolerant
– If any node disappears, the routing tables are recreated to
account for the lack of that node.
MESH Network - Redundancy
A ↔D↔ G
Redundancy costs money
A ↔D↔ G
Redundancy is difficult to achieve
Redundancy
Redundancy
Redundancy
Redundancy
Redundancy
Redundancy
Redundancy
A ↔E↔ G
Redundancy
Redundancy is Key
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Redundancy costs money
Redundancy is difficult to achieve
Redundancy is difficult to verify
Common point of failure are unknown
Only testing can find problem areas
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
There is nothing sacred about any
topography
– Bus, Ring , Star , Tree, Mesh
– It will be a mix
The Dream is well on the way
Central PA IP Network
WN3R Gambrill Mountain
W4BRM Node
Braddock Heights
Manassas OVH
Your Nodes
KB3TCB
Damascus DECT
Is it Amateur Radio?
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+ It’s RF
+ It uses a repeater ++
It depends on propagation
+ It is communication
+ It is an alternative when others fail
? It is digital
- It does what the internet does
You need to learn new things
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
Repeater ++
http://www.nxp.com/documents/selection_guide/nxp_rf_manual_15th_edition.pdf
Repeater ++
http://www.nxp.com/documents/selection_guide/nxp_rf_manual_15th_edition.pdf
Repeater ++
http://www.nxp.com/documents/selection_guide/nxp_rf_manual_15th_edition.pdf
Repeater ++
http://www.nxp.com/documents/selection_guide/nxp_rf_manual_15th_edition.pdf
Repeater ++
http://www.nxp.com/documents/selection_guide/nxp_rf_manual_15th_edition.pdf
Repeater ++
http://www.nxp.com/documents/selection_guide/nxp_rf_manual_15th_edition.pdf
Repeater ++
http://www.nxp.com/documents/selection_guide/nxp_rf_manual_15th_edition.pdf
Repeater ++
• Present day
– Receiver, Transmitter, Duplexer, CTCSS
• Additional (Automation of what we do today)
– TCP – Computer compatible
– Collision Management (Listen first)
– Network Management (Log book)
– Security Management (Get annoyed)
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
WiFi RF Spectrum
• Part 15, Unlicensed ISM
– 2400–2495 MHz , 13cm band
– 5.725-5.875 GHz , 5 cm band
• Part 97 Radio Amateur
– 902– 928 MHz, 33cm band
– 2390–2450 MHz, 13cm band
– 3300-3500 MHz, 9 cm band
– 5650–5925 MHz, 5 cm band
FCC Restrictions
• FCC part 15 rules govern the transmit power and EIRP
• Different bands have different rules
• Different rules for Pt2Pt and Pt2MultiPt
• FCC Part 97 allows more power but includes other
restrictions
• Station Identification (use SSID)
• Traffic content
• the operator is responsible for every packet
• ping/traceroute/etc. transmit packets.
• Requires a Control operator
• Only licensed amateur radio operators
• Encryption (allowed if public key)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_multimedia_radio
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
A Part 15 Low Power-High ERP
Max. Transmitter RF power Ant. gain (dBi)
EIRP (W)
30 dBm (1 W)
6
3.98
30 dBm (1 W)
6
3.98
29 dBm (800 mW)
9
6.35
28 dBm (640 mW)
12
10.14
27 dBM (500 mW)
15
15.81
26 dBm (400 mW)
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25.23
25 dBm (320 mW)
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40.28
24 dBm (250 mW)
24
62.79
23 dBm (200 mW)
27
100.2
22 dBm (160 mW)
30
160.0
30 dBm (1 W)
30
600.0
http://www.qsl.net/kb9mwr/projects/wireless/pwr.html
HSMM-MESH is High Speed
• HSMM-MESH links are 24-150 Mbps
– Pt2Pt Links 50-450 Mbps
• Compare that to other known services:
– Packet Radio/APRS: 0.0012 Mbps
– Pactor III: 0.003 Mbps
– Dialup: 0.056 Mbps
– D-Star: 0.128 Mbps (128 kbit/s).
– Fioptics: 10Mbps up / 30 Mbps down
– Time Warner Cable: 5Mbps up / 30 Mbps down
Other Bands
• 1.25m 220 MDS SD Series
• 70cm, 420 MHz Doodle Labs,
• (470 MHz TV White Space)
– Up and coming, does not require LOS
– Managed Spectrum (http://groups.winnforum.org/d/do/4659)
• 33cm 902-928 MHz, Aerocomm and FreeWave
• 23cm D-Star
• 13cm, 802.11b/g 2.402 GHz - 2.437 GHz
– Mesh, short haul
• 5 cm, 802.11a 5.660 - 5.905 GHz
– Popular as a backhaul
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
Click to watch
Ensuring a Robust Future
Ensuring a Robust Future
• Efficient use of Spectrum
– Squeezing more “bits per second per Hertz of
bandwidth”
– Increased pressure for hams to justify “free” use
of this precious resource
– Challenge: continue to adopt more spectrally
efficient technologies, modulation, and emission
types.
802.11 b/g Spectrum
LSB
2401
Center Freq.
Channel 1
2412
2412
2429
2423
2426
Channel 6
2437
Channel 2
2417
Channel 11
2462
Channel 7
2442
Channel 3
2422
USB
2448
Channel 12
2467
Channel 8
2447
Channel 4
2427
Channel 13
2472
Channel 9
2452
Channel 5
2432
Channel 14
2484
Channel 10
2457
2390
2450
13cm Amateur Band 2.39-2.50 GHz (part 97)
2400
ISM Band 2.4-2.5 GHz (part 15)
HSMM-MESH nodes run on channel 1
http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/consultations/2400-mhz/annexes/audit.pdf
2495
Band Selection
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900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 5.8 GHz
UHF frequencies may be less susceptible to line-of-sight issues
The lower the frequency, the further across the Fresnel zone.
900 MHz interference from baby monitors
2.4 GHz can be crowded
3.6 GHz requires license, dynamic frequency selection
5 GHz has three separate sub‐bands w/ different power/use
regulations
• 10 GHz coming
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
SITE ACQUISITION
• Site Acquisition is the difficult part
• Towers locations are good, but
• Costly to climb/maintain, thus limiting changes or repair
• Limited space
• Buildings are great
• Mostly accessible to amateurs
• May require general liability insurance (via ARRL)
• Often plenty of space
• A 501(c)3 allows the provider to deduct the market
value
• A legal Site Lease is required
• Handshake agreements are not enough
Based on: Bryan Fields, W9CR
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
Basic Link Budget Analysis
• Determine RF parameters
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Link Frequency and Bandwidth
Transmitter Power and Transmit Antenna Gain
Path length and Resulting Loss
Receive Sensitivity, Antenna Gain and Noise
Required Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Channel width, streams, modulation type, minimum SNR,
TX power, RX sensitivity, gains, losses
• If necessary, make adjustments and repeat
http://www.qsl.net/n9zia/pdf/AN9804.pdf
Link Budget
TX Antenna Gain
RX Antenna Gain
Path Loss
Line Loss
Output Power
Line Loss
RX Sensitivity
Note: Rocket Mounted at the Antenna
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
Link Budget Example
TX Antenna Gain 29 dbm
Line Loss -0.2 dbm
Output Power 27 dbm
RX Antenna Gain 29 dbm
Path Loss
-145 dbm 55 miles
Line Loss -0.2 dbm
RX Sensitivity -94 dbm
+ 27 dbm
+ 29 dbm
- 0.2 dbm
-145 dbm
+ 29 dbm
- 0.2 dbm
+ 94 dbm
+ 33.6 dbm
safe link margin is 20db
http://www.radiolabs.com/stations/wifi_calc.html
http://www.atel-electronics.eu/produkt.php?hash=07007
http://paginadellatecnica.xoom.it/802_11a-vs-b_report.pdf
http://www.invictusnetworks.com/faq/RF%20Technical%20Info%20and%20FCC%20Regs/Fade%20Margin%20Calculator%20-%20Basic.htm
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
Path Analysis
Ubiquiti AirLink
http://radiomobile.pe1mew.nl/
Michael E Fox, N6MEF
How Far do We Operate
NEEDS LINE OF SITE FROM Antenna TO Antenna
Flat terrain  Limited by Distance to Horizon versus Antenna Height
Mountainous  100 MILES between mountains
City  Building to Tower, clear path
Decreased Signal strength/interference = Decreased Throughput
Source: Griff's ham radio & computers.
What Radio Amateurs Offer
• Community Ownership
– Ownership is shared, node by node
• Low Cost Infrastructure
– Built using low cost off the shelf consumer
equipment
• We are building a highway
• Leverage existing repeater sites
• Existing expertise in running radio systems
Source: Moravec AE5IB
Your First Node: NanoStation M2
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Dual Ethernet connectivity
Intelligent POE
2X2 MIMO
10.4 dual polarity antenna
$86
Source: http://ae5ca.com/?p=74
http://dl.ubnt.com/docs/M_Series_Beginner_Guide.pdf
Ubiquiti Devices
Rocket M2
NanoBeam
Bullet M2 HP
NanoStation
AirGrid M2
RD-5G-30
Sector Antenna
Three Networks
• 13 cm Band RF
• Ethernet
• Local LAN
– Camera, Telephone
– Computer, etc
• Internet Access WAN
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
What is it used for?
• Anything you can do on the Internet BBHN can do!
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Email
Official Forms Data
D-RATS (chat, email and file sharing)
Transfer/Stream Pictures, Video, files
Video Teleconferencing (Skype)
Telephone (Extender, Vonage)
IP Camera and WebCam (visual monitoring)
VoIP (Voice Over IP, Asterisk, Ekiga, etc)
Web Server (distribute information, files and software)
Mesh Potato
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VoIP with analog phone
WLAN port
Outdoors
Well engineered
+Access Point
+PBX
+Analog Telephone Adapter
Completely self contained
http://villagetelco.org/mesh-potato/
Mesh Potato at a Wildfire Exercise in Maine
A large-scale exercise conducted over 3 days. The goals were to
establish a substantial base camp in a rural area and provide
communications support to the firefighting teams.
Groups included teams from 6 EMAs, the Maine Air National
Guard, the Maine Warden Service and Maine VOAD.
http://villagetelco.org/2013/08/use-of-the-mesh-potato-at-a-wildfire-exercise-in-maine/
A Broadband Ham Network Crosses the Finish Line
A broadband ham network brings long-range video to
the Big Bend 50 Ultra Marathon's finish line. Lynn
Jelinski, AG41U
Big Bend National Park is located north of the Rio
Grande River. The Challenge: To support the
marathon & establish a race control
Wireless Networking for the
Developing World
• Excellent 504 page tutorial
http://wndw.net/download/WNDW_Standard.pdf
IEEE standards
• New IEEE standards
– 802.11n (MIMO) – Extended range (3x current
range), higher speed (200 Mbit/s typical, 540
Mbit/s) channel width of 40 MHz.
– 802.16 and .16e – Mobile WiMax – Pt-to-Pt, 40
bit/s/channel, 3-10 km, 5.8 GHz license-exempt,
2.5 and 3.5 GHz licensed, Support for QoS
– IEEE 802.11s for WLAN mesh networks
– 802.11ac – (500 Mbit/s)
• Previous standards
– 802.11a and 802.11g (54Mbits)
High Gain Antennas
19dBi RooTenna®
Parabolic Grid
2.4gHz Omni Antennas
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Comet GP-24S
Comet GP-24
ALFA AOA-2415
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HyperLink Die Cast Reflector Grid
L-Com Technologies
Poynting 31 dBi Grid
Parabolic dish
RD-5G30
NanoBeam
Sector Antenna
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Yagi Antenna
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Comet CYA-1216E
AM-2G16-90 90 degree
2G-15-120 120 degree
NanoStation M2
Mobile Nodes - CarPC
http://www.cartft.com/catalog/il/1117
http://www.mini-box.com/Car-PC-Automotive-Computing-Solutions
http://www.mini-itx.com/
KB3TCB-3 Node (Historic)
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Linksys WRT54GS (inside Rootenna)
Rootenna Antenna
12 db Omni Antenna (not shown)
Toshiba IK-WB15A IP
Tripod mast
KB3TCB -4
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Ubiquiti – NB-5G-400
Toshiba IK-WB15A IP
Multimedia Digital Telephone
Tripod mast
Server Nodes
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ASUS Vivo PC VM60
Ubiquity NB-5G-400
Netgear Switch
HDMI 4 Pi - 7" HDMI…
Grandstream UCM6102
3G Network Extender
GPS Network Time Server
RJ45 is the new Wall Socket
Everything over IP (EoIP)
IP Camera
ATA
Weather Station
Earthquake Detector
VoIP phone
Droid
Current Sensor
mPower-Pro Controller
Motion Sensor
Door Sensor
Internet of Things
Time Server
Serial IP Gateway
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
'If we build it, they will use it'
Central PA IP Network
• Infrastructure
– Hagerstown
– Frederick
– Damascus
– Rockville
– Haymarket
– Baltimore
– La Plata
Frederick
Baltimore
Hagerstown
Damascus
Rockville
Haymarket
Anne Arundel ARC
Braddock Heights –
Damascus VFD
Google Earth – 18.2 miles
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
Haymarket - Manassas
Sector Antenna covers 140 sq miles
Ken W4BRM / KE2N
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
Manassas water Tank
Frederick, MD – Red Lion, PA
55 Miles!
Dick WN3R
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
Gary WA3CPO
Other success stories
Ken W4BRM
Red Cross link
40 West Auto
John Sichert's KA3LAO Tower
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
SJEWN (San Jose Emergency Wireless Network)
Campbell EOC
Cisco EOC
Cupertino EOC
Foster City EOC
Los Altos Hills EOC
Menlo Park EOC
Moffett Field EOC
Palo Alto EOC
San Jose Backup EOC
San Jose Backup EOC
San Jose City EOC
San Jose Water Co EOC
San Mateo County EOC
Santa Clara City EOC
Coyote Hills hilltop
Evergreen Site
Alum Rock Tank
Regnart Canyon Tank
Red Cross San Jose
Red Cross Palo Alto
Camden House
Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley
Crown Plaza Suites Hotel
Layer42.Com Mountain View
Layer42.Com Santa Clara
Hurricane Electric South Market, San Jose
KRHV Civil Air Patrol
El Camino Hospital
O'Conner Hospital
Palo Alto Veterans Hospital
Stanford Hospital
San Jose Regional Hospital
Valley Medical Center Hospital
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
EuroHAMNET
Ken W4BRM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytuOqcYgOtg
BCWarn
Broadband-Hamnet Mesh nodes
http://www.broadband-hamnet.org/googlemapped-mesh-nodes.html
CPIN / W3ND
http://www.w3nd.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Presidents-Message-for-Jan-2014.pdf
Minneapolis Wi-Fi network aids
rescuers - bridge collapse
Forms Support (over all media)
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ICS 201 Incident Briefing Initial Incident Commander
ICS 202 Incident Objectives Planning Section Chief
ICS 203 Organization Assignment List Resources Unit Leader
ICS 204 Assignment List Resources Unit Leader and Operations Section Chief
ICS 205 Incident Radio Communications Plan Communications Unit Leader
ICS 205A Communications List Communications Unit Leader
ICS 206 Medical Plan Medical Unit Leader
ICS 207 Incident Organization Chart Resources Unit Leader
ICS 208 Safety Message/Plan Safety Officer
ICS 209 Incident Status Summary Situation Unit Leader
ICS 210 Resource Status Change Communications Unit Leader
ICS 211 Incident Check - Resources Unit/Check - In Recorder
ICS 213 General Message Any Message Originator
ICS 214 Activity Log (optional 2 - sided form) All Sections and Units
ICS 215 Operational Planning Worksheet
ICS 215A Incident Action Plan Safety Analysis Safety Officer
ICS 218 Support Vehicle/Equipment Inventory
ICS 219 - 1-10 Resource Status Card
ICS 220 Air Operations Summary Worksheet
ICS 221 Demobilization Check - Out Demobilization
ICS 225 Incident Personnel Performance Rating
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
Common Digital Emcomm Data Tools
• NBEMS (Narrow Band Emergency Message System)
• D-RATS (Forms, email, File transfer)
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UI-View, Xastir, Ecom,WebEOC
APRS/DPRS, email Server
NTS, DNS, IRC, APRS I-GATE
VoIP, Echolink, IRLP, DMR, D-Star, SIP Server
WinLink, HF/PACTOR, AGWPE, Dmapper, RMS,
PacLink
• Server Based Apps (Forms, email, File transfer)
• Supply internet connectivity when local connectivity
is broken
• Supply cell service when local connectivity is broken
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
airControl – on a large network
Nanobeam Alignment
Use the Align Antenna tool to optimize the antenna in the direction of maximum link signal.
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
Demonstration LAN
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ICS Forms
File & x-ray transfer
email
Chat
Voice over IP (VoIP)
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Video over IP
Conference phone
Toshiba IK-WB11A
Mesh
WiFi
3G cell phone
Demo Equipment
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Ubiquiti BULLET-M2-HP
Ubiquiti AG-HP-2G20
NanoBridge M5 5GHz 22dbi MIMO
Ubiquiti NanoBeam M5
Linksys WRT-54GS Version 2.0
GrandStream HT701 ATA
Toshiba IK-WB15A IP
Raspberry Pi, 512MB
3G Network Extender cellphone
MFJ-1919EX, Stand, 18 - 5 feet
Network Time Server TM1000A GPS
HDMI 4 Pi - 7" Display 1280x800 (HDMI/VGA/PAL/NTSC
Grandstream UCM6102 (VoIP, Conference, Video Phone)
Copyright © 2014 Keith Elkin
Take Home Points
• The Future is Digital
– TCP based Radio, TCP based Radio
– Supports all media
• No central point of failure
– Redundancy, Redundancy, Redundancy
• Established support crew.
• Established the Back-bone
• Bandwidth Regulated Spectrum
• There is nothing sacred about any topography
– Bus, ring, star, tree, mesh
Contact information
• This presentation and Links are at:
– http://www.remoteamateur.com/
• Send your questions and suggestions to:
[email protected]
QUESTIONS?
You may use any part of this presentation if a link to http://www.remoteamateur.com/ is included