1. Art and Diseño

Education at a Glance
Interim Report:
Update of Employment and
Educational Attainment Indicators
January 2015
1
The social consequences of the crisis are
still deepening in 2013, especially among
the most vulnerable groups such as loweducated young adults
Chapter 1
TO WHAT LEVEL HAVE ADULTS STUDIED?
4
Less than 1/5 of younger adults have not reached
upper secondary
In most OECD countries more than four out of five
younger adults have attained at least an upper
secondary education, implying that less than 20% of
them have qualifications below upper secondary
education.
Less than 1/5 of younger adults have not reached
upper secondary education
Educational attainment among younger (25-34 year-olds) adults (2013)
Tertiary
Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary
Below upper secondary
100%
90%
39 39
80%
70%
35 34
27 27
9
9
40
31
39 41
39
33
24
6
6
6
6
2
37
36
43 47
40 38 38
42 41
46
36
47
45 47 46
51
44
60
56
52
64
57
65
64
54
50
45
25 23
67
30%
41
20%
22 25
6
35
50%
10%
7
31
52 52
60%
40%
11 11 10 9
14 14 14 13 13 13 13 12
15
15
16
17
18 18 18
23 21
29
41 43 41
40
26
15
23
47
40 37
58
51
48 48
43 44 46
41
27
22
45
45 43 45
40
44
31
57
42
30
25
37
29
Korea
Slovenia
Russian Federation
Czech Republic
Poland
Slovak Republic
Canada
Sweden
Finland
Israel
Switzerland
United States
Austria
Estonia
Hungary
Germany
Ireland
Latvia
United Kingdom
Luxembourg
Australia
France
Netherlands
Greece
OECD average
Norway
Denmark
Belgium
New Zealand
Chile
Iceland
Italy
Colombia
Spain
Brazil
Portugal
Mexico
Turkey
0%
6
Lower proportion of older adults have tertiary
credentials
In 2013, on average across OECD countries, 34% of
older adults (55-64 year-olds) have not attained
upper secondary level.
Brazil, Colombia, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Spain and
Turkey have the highest proportion of older adults
with low qualifications as well as the highest share
of younger adults with low qualifications.
Lower proportion of older adults have tertiary
credentials
Chart 1.1
Educational attainment among older (55-64 year-olds) adults (2013)
Below upper secondary
Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary
Tertiary
100%
10
90%
13 12 11
11
12
80%
10
20
15
12
13
26
30
26
29 31
25
21
27
20
16
30 27
18
16
70%
25 26 25
34
42
18
45
47
49
36
30
60%
32
39
50%
43
33
31
38
41
46
37
51
74
79
72
62
30%
60
63
31
55
69
20%
42
39
35
40
48
62
56
44 51
53
56
71 70 73
49
49
42
30
10%
35
34
41
38 39
27 30
18
24
15
12
26
26
22 24 19
17
15 15 17 13
10
8
United States
79
57
60
Austria
40%
41
32
15
32 29
30
35
25
32
17
14 13 14
16
10
Korea
Slovenia
Russian Federation
Czech Republic
Poland
Slovak Republic
Canada
Sweden
Finland
Israel
Switzerland
Estonia
Hungary
Germany
Ireland
Latvia
United Kingdom
Luxembourg
Australia
France
Netherlands
Greece
OECD average
Norway
Denmark
Belgium
New Zealand
Chile
Iceland
Italy
Colombia
Spain
Brazil
Portugal
Mexico
Turkey
0%
8
There is a larger proportion of young men with low
qualifications compared to young women
On average across OECD countries, 18% of younger men
(25-34 year-olds) have not attained an upper secondary
education while the percentage among younger women is
15%.
In Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Denmark, Estonia, Greece,
Iceland, Italy, Latvia and Norway the gender difference
across younger adults is wider than 5 percentage points,
and in Portugal and Spain it is larger than 10 percentage
points.
Turkey
Austria
Switzerland
Mexico
Slovak Republic
Korea
Czech Republic
Germany
Hungary
United Kingdom
Chile
New Zealand
Sweden
Russian Federation
Poland
Slovenia
France
United States
Men
Canada
OECD average
Finland
Ireland
Belgium
%
Netherlands
Israel
Luxembourg
Norway
Australia
Colombia
Greece
Iceland
Italy
Estonia
Latvia
Denmark
Brazil
Spain
Portugal
There is a larger proportion of young men with low
qualifications compared to young women
Chart 1.2
Percentage of younger adults (25-34 year-olds) with attainment below upper secondary education, by gender (2013)
Women
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
10
The proportion of younger adults with tertiary education
increased in all countries between 2000 and 2013
On average across OECD countries, the percentage of
younger adults (25-34 year-olds) with tertiary education
increased by 14 percentage points between 2000 and
2013.
The increase was lowest in Finland (1 percentage point)
and highest in Korea, Luxembourg and Poland (25
percentage points or more).
Finland
Germany
Belgium
United States
Spain
Mexico
Canada
Iceland
Japan
Austria
Sweden
New Zealand
Norway
Denmark
Estonia
2000
Italy
France
Greece
Turkey
%
OECD average
Australia
Netherlands
Hungary
Portugal
Switzerland
Czech Republic
Slovenia
Slovak Republic
United Kingdom
Ireland
Latvia
Luxembourg
Poland
Korea
The proportion of younger adults with tertiary education
increased in all countries between 2000 and 2013
Chart 1.4
Percentage of younger adults (25-34 year-olds) with tertiary education (2000 and 2013)
70
2013
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Chapter 2
HOW DOES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AFFECT
PARTICIPATION IN THE LABOUR MARKET?
13
Employment rates increase with education in all countries
On average across OECD countries the employment rate of
25-64 year-olds without an upper secondary qualification
was as low as 55%, and 83% for those with a tertiary
education.
For adults without an upper secondary qualification the
employment rate was lower than 40% in the Slovak
Republic, Hungary and Poland.
For adults with a tertiary qualification the employment rate
was about 90% in Austria, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, the
Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland.
Iceland
Norway
Sweden
Switzerland
Netherlands
Germany
Austria
Denmark
New Zealand
Latvia
Israel
Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary
Brazil
Czech Republic
Luxembourg
Poland
United Kingdom
France
Chile
Belgium
Finland
Slovenia
Colombia
Australia
Estonia
OECD average
Russian Federation
Tertiary education
Canada
Japan
United States
Portugal
Hungary
Ireland
Mexico
%
Slovak Republic
Italy
Korea
Turkey
Spain
Greece
Employment rates increase with education in all
countries
Chart 2.1
Employment rates among adults (25-64 year-olds) by educational attainment (2013)
100
Below upper secondary
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
15
More tertiary educated young men are employed but…
more women have tertiary credentials
On average across OECD countries there is a gender gap in
employment even for tertiary educated young adults: 87% of
tertiary-educated men are employed versus 78% of tertiary educated
women.
Even if employment is higher among tertiary educated men, data
show that 25-34 year-old women have consistently higher attainment
rates at the tertiary level compared with men of the same age. Across
OECD countries, 46% of young women have reached tertiary
education while it is the case for 35% of young men.
More tertiary educated young men are employed but
more women have tertiary credentials
Chart 2.2
Employment rates among young adults (25-34 year-olds) with tertiary education, by gender (2013)
Employment
Women
Tertiary education attainment
Men
Russian Federation
Netherlands
Norway
Brazil
Belgium
Switzerland
Sweden
Germany
France
Austria
Denmark
Luxembourg
Israel
Latvia
United Kingdom
Canada
Iceland
Chile
Ireland
Slovenia
Poland
Colombia
New Zealand
United States
Australia
OECD average
Finland
Portugal
Japan
Mexico
Hungary
Estonia
Spain
Slovak Republic
Czech Republic
Turkey
Korea
Italy
Greece
100
Russian Federation
Netherlands
Norway
Brazil
Belgium
Switzerland
Sweden
Germany
France
Austria
Denmark
Luxembourg
Israel
Latvia
United Kingdom
Canada
Iceland
Chile
Ireland
Slovenia
Poland
Colombia
New Zealand
United States
Australia
OECD average
Finland
Portugal
Japan
Mexico
Hungary
Estonia
Spain
Slovak Republic
Czech Republic
Turkey
Korea
Italy
Greece
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
17
Small gap in unemployment among tertiary educated men
and women
On average across OECD countries the gender gap in
unemployment for tertiary educated young adults is very
small: 7% of tertiary-educated men are unemployed versus
8% of tertiary educated women.
In 7 countries tertiary-educated women have lower
unemployment rates than men, with a difference of over 2
percentage points: Colombia, Greece, Poland, Portugal, the
Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Turkey.
Luxembourg
Korea
Netherlands
Ireland
France
Canada
Estonia
United States
United Kingdom
Japan
Mexico
Switzerland
Sweden
Finland
Denmark
Women
Germany
Russian Federation
Australia
Latvia
Belgium
Data for Greece: Women= 36%;
Men= 30%
Chile
Israel
OECD average
Hungary
Czech Republic
New Zealand
Spain
Italy
Austria
Brazil
Poland
Slovak Republic
Colombia
%
22
Slovenia
Greece
Portugal
Turkey
Small gap in unemployment among tertiary
educated men and women
Chart 2.5
Unemployment rates among young adults (25-34 year-olds) with tertiary education, by gender (2013)
Men
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
19
The gender gap widens among young adults with low
qualification
Across OECD countries, the gender gap is larger for young
adults without an upper secondary education compared
with young adults with a tertiary qualification: 67% of
young men and 42% of young women without upper
secondary education are employed.
The gender gap is over 40 percentage points in Colombia,
Mexico and Turkey.
Portugal
Spain
Norway
Switzerland
Slovak Republic
Ireland
Korea
Russian Federation
Netherlands
Austria
Iceland
Belgium
Denmark
Germany
Latvia
Greece
Finland
Women
OECD average
Hungary
Czech Republic
Canada
Luxembourg
%
100
France
Estonia
Australia
United Kingdom
Poland
Sweden
Italy
United States
New Zealand
Brazil
Slovenia
Chile
Israel
Colombia
Mexico
Turkey
The gender gap widens among young adults with
low qualifications
Chart 2.3
Employment rates among young adults (25-34 year-olds) with attainment below upper secondary education, by gender (2013)
Men
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
21
Higher employment rates for vocational qualifications
among upper secondary education
Across OECD countries, among 25-64 year-olds with upper
secondary education as highest level of education the
employment rate of adults with vocational qualifications
was 75% on average, while it was 69% on average for those
with general qualifications.
In Denmark and Germany employment rate for adults with
a vocational upper secondary education is 15 percentage
points or more above the employment rate for adults with
a general upper secondary education.
Higher employment rates for vocational
qualifications among upper secondary education
Chart 2.4
Employment rates among adults (25-64 year-olds) with upper secondary education as highest level of education attained,
by type of programme (2013)
Vocational
%
100
General
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Iceland
Sweden
New Zealand
Switzerland
Australia
Germany
Denmark
Canada
Israel
Netherlands
Austria
Russian Federation
Czech Republic
Belgium
OECD average
Estonia
Chile
Finland
France
Italy
Latvia
Luxembourg
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Hungary
Ireland
Turkey
Spain
Greece
0
Chapter 3
TRANSITION FROM SCHOOL TO WORK:
WHERE ARE THE 15-29 YEAR-OLDS?
24
Almost one in five 20-24 year-olds is NEET
Among the 20-24 year-olds, 55% were not in education of
which 26% were employed, 10% unemployed and 9% not
looking for a job. So, about 19% can be seen as NEET
(people neither employed nor in education or training).
The NEET population is over 25% in 7 countries: Colombia,
Greece, Hungary, Italy, Mexico, Spain and Turkey.
Almost one in five 20-24 year-olds is NEET
Chart 3.1
Distribution of 20-24 year-olds not in education, by work status (2013)
%
Employed
80
70
15
9
7
11
50
Inactive
12
20
60
Unemployed
27
6
5
12 10
10
5
7
6
7
4
17
9
5
7
6
5
19 13
5
8
40
4
17
5
5
6
9
7
11
9
8
16 13 10
14
13
7
49 47
46
20
8
11
7
8
25
30
54
8
6
16
6
8
8
8
6
4
8
6
4
12
26
0
5
8
5
52
43 45
49
35
33
26
10
10
46
45 44
4
37
30
42
33
36 34
33 35
33
21
29
36 34
37 36
28
32
26
19
19
2
6
22
Luxembourg
Slovenia
Denmark
Iceland
Netherlands
Germany
Poland
Finland
Czech Republic
Portugal
Greece
Estonia
Spain
Latvia
OECD average
France
Slovak Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Belgium
Switzerland
Hungary
Korea
Canada
Australia
Italy
Norway
New Zealand
United States
Austria
United Kingdom
Turkey
Israel
Mexico
Colombia
0
26
Employed 15-29 year-olds not in education are mostly
working full time
Among the 15-29 year-olds who are not in education and
are working, 68% were working 35 hours or more per
week.
In Denmark, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands and Sweden
60% or less young adults not studying but working are
working 35 hours or more per week.
Employed 15-29 year-olds not in education are
mostly working full time
Chart 3.4
Employed (%)
Number of hours worked in a week, by 15-29 year-olds not in education (2013)
Turkey
Latvia
Poland
Slovak Republic
Hungary
Australia
Mexico
Estonia
Colombia
United States
Czech Republic
Slovenia
Israel
Greece
Germany
Luxembourg
Portugal
Belgium
OECD average
France
Italy
Austria
Switzerland
Spain
Canada
United Kingdom
Iceland
Denmark
Finland
Ireland
Sweden
Netherlands
32
39
34
37
34
42
42
37
42
39
40
30
43
24
37
36
31
38
37
36
28
45
44
27
43
43
34
29
32
34
38
37
Distribution of working hours among 15-29 year-olds not in education and employed
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Number of hours worked in a
week:
35+
10-34
1-9
0
Unknown
Thank you
Find out more about our work at:
www.oecd.org/edu/eag.htm
www.oecd.org/edu/eag-interim-report.htm
- The publication
- The methodologies
- The complete database
Email: [email protected]
Twitter: SchleicherEDU
and remember:
Without data, you are just another person with an opinion