The Age of Louis XIV by Voltaire - csr-in

The Age of Louis XIV by Voltaire
Voltaire
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El libro, en sí, no es difícil. Aborda diversos temas y situaciones en las que gente vinculada a
Luis XIV terminó forjando una época. Podemos saber cómo period Francia durante l. a. The
Age of Louis XIV infancia de Luis XIV durante y después de los angeles muerte de su padre.
También cómo el Cardenal Mazarino y Ana de Austria lidiaron contra nobles, como el Príncipe
de Condé, que pretendieron preservar su influencia y poder; pero que en cada Guerra de l. a.
Fronda, al final, Mazarino consiguió consumar los angeles meta de Richelieu de hacer de los
angeles monarquía en Francia una efectiva y desamrotizada, donde el rey -Luis XIV en este
caso- pudiese gobernar por sí mismo, consolidando así el absolutismo monárquico. En los
capítulos de las guerras se aprecia no sólo cómo el rey convirtió a Francia en una potencia tras
el declive de España, sino también su auge y decanadencia con cada generación de almirantes
que le tocaba pelear. En las Guerras de Devolución, del Franco-Condado y contra Holana -lo
que eran las Provincias Unidas- vemos cómo vino forjando su influencia geopolítica. Luego de l.
a. Revolución Gloriosa de Inglaterra, su apoyo a los jacobitas y l. a. Guerra de los angeles Liga
de Ausburgo, su confirmación de que no period una nación imbatible con varios frentes
simultáneos. Y con su interés de acceder a su nieto -Felipe V- al trono español y l. The Age of
Louis XIV a. posterior Guerra de Sucesión Española, una serie de errores que cometería, que
si bien lograron su cometido, sin proponérselo abrió l. a. puerta a lo que sería el declive de l. a.
figura del monarca tras su muerte. Los episodios de las anécdotas perminten que el lector o
lectora conozca al Luis XIV en su faceta The Age of Louis XIV humana. En ellas se relata
enigmas sobre el Hombre de los angeles Máscara de Hierro; las relaciones que el rey tuvo con
Louise de l. a. Vallière y Madame de Montestan; el Incidente de los Venenos con Le Sage, l. a.
Voisin, Bonard y los angeles Vigoureux; su segundo matrimonio con Madame de Maitenon; su
cambio de carácter espiritual a través de ella; sobre Racine y l. a. recepción de sus tragedias; l.
a. pérdida de los familiares del rey; su fallecimieto; un stability The Age of Louis XIV respecto a
su persona; testimonios de otros; cómo se veía sí mismo como monarca; su trato hacia l. a.
gente, y el legado que les dejó. Los capítulos siguentes tratan sobre l. a. política inside de Luis
XIV; sus finanzas y reglamentos; las ciencias que se desarroolaron en su época; las bellas
artes hechas en Francia y en el extranjero; los asuntos eclesiáticos The Age of Louis XIV y
disputas que enfrentó; los angeles defensa al galicanismo; sus querellas contra el calvinismo, el
hansenismo y el quietismo, así como las diferencias culturales que causó con otros países,
como China. En l. a. política inside y finanzas resalta las capacidades financieras de Colbert y
el liberalismo económico del "laissez faire, laissez passer" -dejar ser, dejar pasar-; el constante
desarrollo arquitectónico del Louvre y Versalles adquiriendo obras de arte; el asentamiento de
toda los angeles corte en Versalles y l. a. finalidad política del lugar; el desarrollo de l. a.
disciplina militar por parte del rey y Louvois; el aprovechamiento del urbanístico y colonialismo
de l. a. época; lo que se ignoró y sus consecuencias. En el desarrollo de las ciencias se
describe el establecimiento de su academia. También el desarrollo de l. a. geografía con
domingo Cassini y Picard; l. a. botánica con Tournefort; The Age of Louis XIV l. a. reapertura de
los angeles Escuela de Derecho y el apogeo de l. a. Academia Francesa. En las bellas artes se
analiza cómo se formó el Neoclasicismo y sus influencias. Se citan a autores, como el duque
de l. a. Rochefoucauld, Mademoiselle de Desvieux, Bossuet, Fénelon, el racionalismo de
Descartes, The Age of Louis XIV Corneille, Molière, Racine, l. a. Fontaine, Quinault y Perrault.
En las de l. a. pintura se cita a Poussin y a Varin. Y en las de otros países The Age of Louis XIV
en general, igualmente se menciona a John Milton, Dryden, Addison, los estudios de los
angeles antugüedad por Marsham y Hyde; de física de Boyle, Newton, Halley; el empirismo de
Locke; los angeles astronomía de Hevelius; el cálculo infinitesimal de Leibnitz, entre otros. En
el apartado de asuntos eclesiásticos resalta las querellas ente el galicanismo en Francia y las
posturas del papado; los angeles cuales devendrían en los angeles Revocación del Edicto de
Nantes que luego el libro describe en el capítulo The Age of Louis XIV sobre el calvinisno y l. a.
pérdida de talentos que tuvo Luis XIV al atacar a los The Age of Louis XIV Hugonotes -los
protestantes franceces-. De igual modo pone en relieve las diferencias ideológicas que había
sobre debía establecerse el poder temporal de los reyes. Del mismo modo que The Age of
Louis XIV el capítulo sobre el calvinismo relata l. a. supresión de los derechos de los
hugonotes, hasta su posterior exilio a The Age of Louis XIV países como Holanda, el norte The
Age of Louis XIV del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico e Inglaterra con ciettos matices, hace
lo propio con los del jansenismo y el quietismo. Describe cómo el The Age of Louis XIV
jansenismo influenció en las sobras de Racine y Pascal, y cómo jesuitas, como Le Tellier -el
confesor de Luis XIV- aprovecharon para atacarlos para recobrar su poder, hasta su expulsión
en tiempos de Luis XV. Y en el caso del quietismo, cómo su credo causó una disputa entre
Bossuet y Fénelon, y cómo eventualmente ni uno ni otro salieron bneficiados, pese a que el
primero ejerció mayor influencia sobre el otro al legitimar el poder del rey. En el último capítulo
-las ceremonias chinas- simplemente describe cómo fue el contacto cultural con los chinos por
parte de los jesuitas, e igualmente, los beneficios y consecuencias que causaron el encuentro
de dos culturas muy distintas como l. a. representada por Luis XIV y el emperador chino YungCh'ing. El libro de Voltaire culmina con tres anexos de consulta para el lector o lectora: uno
sobre los angeles familia de Luis XIV, parientes, nobles, soberanos de su tiempo, mariscales y
ministros; otro a un sinnúmero de escritores -conocidos y desconocidos-, incluyendo pintores,
músicos y arquitectos; y un último a pies de página en los que se incluye ampliaciones y
correcciones de l. a. obra, asi como interpretaciones críticas hacia los angeles misma. "El Siglo
de Luis XIV" de Voltaire es una obra que requiere paciencia y dene releerse cuidadosamente
en ciertos temas. Para quiénes buscan saber sobre el monarca es importante remitirse a otras
fuentes. "La Sociedad Cortesana" de Norbert Elias ayuda en ciertos capítulos para entender
hasta qué punto tenía el poder absolut, e ,igualmente, en qué medida cómo varias obras
literarias han abordado o matizado su personalidad. Es un libro que vale los angeles pena leer.
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