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“ENERGÍA SOLAR TÉRMICA Y FOTOVOLTAICA:
MÓDULOS, PANELES Y COMPONENTES PRINCIPALES”
The role of manufacturer’s in
the quality of PV products
Aarón Sánchez Juárez
ANES Vicepresidente
Researcher at:
Renewable Energy Institute, UNAM
CEMIE-Sol: Proyecto P-29
National Test Laboratory for PV: Modules, Components and
Systems
Photovoltaic Assistance Unit at IER-UNAM
D. Martínez-Escobar; R. L. Santos-Magdaleno;
J. Ortega-Cruz; J. C. Percino; A. Reyes-Roldán; P. A. Sánchez-Pérez;
Head:
Dr. Aarón Sánchez Juárez; e-mail: [email protected]
Mexico Background
Photovoltaic Systems (SFV's) have been the best
alternative choice for electrification places far away
from the conventional electrical grid.
Cost
reduction
and
environmental
protection
movement have increased the demand for photovoltaic
systems in urban areas
Estimated Photovoltaic Market
Technical and economic capacity
With installation costs of 2008**
 Agricultural sector: 670.0 MWp
 Residential sector, high consumption users: 461.5 MWp
 Public sector,
Street lighting: 1,396.0 MWp
Water pumping: 4,47.0 MWp
 Industrial Sector: 6,624.0 MWp (DR 5% and $ 1.9 / Wp
installed)
Because of that:
Many Mexican industrial Groups have been considered an
opportunity to do business in different aspects: import,
marketing, sale and installation of PV products.
**“Potencial de los sistemas fotovoltaicos en México: Análisis de los sectores residencial, público e industrial por entidad
federativa”; Jorge M. Islas Samperio; Aarón Sánchez Juárez, Fabio Manzini Poli, Genice Grande Acosta, Fidel Carrasco González,
Eric Zenón Olvera; Organización de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Industrial (ONUDI), marzo 2013; No. de páginas: 213;
Informe Final.
Mexican PV industry and the value chain
 Solartec S.A. de C.V.; Irapuato Gto.
 Energias Renovables de México S.A. de C.V.; San
Andres Tuxtla, Ver.
 Solarvatio S.A. de C.V.; Oaxaca, Oaxaca.
 Press Energy S. de RL de C.V.; Jesus Maria, Ags.
 IUSASOL; Edo de México, other ...
 More than 200 companies and more than 300
individuals grouped in different associations like
AMPER, and other SOLMEX
 Battery manufactures, the metal industry, electricelectronics, electrical conductors and other
industries related to parts and components for
Photovoltaic Systems
PV in Mexico
The cumulative installed capacity is estimated
around 100.0 MWp
 More than 500 projects (less that 500.0 kW)
are in construction.
 More that 1,000 domestic projects are in
construction.
 PV Plants are under design…
The growing demand for PV technology has prompted
the Mexican government to establish and promote the
relevant regulations to ensure that the PV products are
manufactured with the best quality.
And likewise, the existence of Testing Laboratories and
Certification Bodies to evaluate and ensure the quality
of PV products.
So… Mexico market are demanding
Quality
Quality: PV Manufacturers**
 The quality of a manufacturer can be measured through its
company quality system (Quality Management System)
 Manufactures must be certificated by ISO 9001:2008 QMS
Requirements
Some PV QMS key requirements:
 PV module’s design to align the expected lifetime.
 Product realization that includes appropriate certification,
qualification, including both type of approval and safety testing.
 Product traceability through the entire supply and delivery chain.
 Special Process control.
 Power rating tolerance.
 Resource management.
 Supplier management.
 Process auditing.
 Use Statistical methods, sampling
**Overview of the Proposed PV Quality Management System; SPI 2014, Task Group 1- Govind Ramu,
SunPower Corp., San Jose Ca.
Mexico market are demanding…
Quality: PV Products
 Safe, reliable and long life in PV products are
characteristics of Quality
 To ensure that photovoltaic products have such
characteristics, they must be tested according with
international standards and regulatory procedures.
 Product quality is measured by the compliance of the
manufacturing requirements, electrical performance,
electrical safety, and durability under environmental
conditions.
Why assess Conformity and Certify
compliance?
The evaluation process warranty :
• The PV modules quality: safety, durability and reliability.
• A growing market, reliable and sustainable PV industry.
• National and international competitiveness of national
companies that manufacture or sells PV modules.
• Satisfied end users from the technical and economic point
of view.
These are only possible if PV manufactures ask for testing
their products about Conformity Assessment related to:
 Its construction,
 Energy performance,
 Safety and
 Durability,
Performance of the PV technology as a
reflection of the quality
 The only way that PV users can rely on the kindness of the
technology is that manufacturers must proof the quality of
their products with a “declaration of conformity“ or
“certificate”;
In consequence…
 Manufacturers must submit their products (voluntary), to a
series of tests based on national or international standards
through which the electrical performance, safety and
durability of PV product is verified.
 These tests should be performed by a third party authorized
agency (Testing Laboratory) and the report that they submit
must be supported by a Certification Body that ensures the
accuracy of the tests.
Acreditation of Testing Laboratory
The testing laboratories must be supported or
recognized under the standard ISO/IEC
1025:1999 by a Certification Body.
PV TEST NATIONAL LABORATORY, LANEFV, which is
implementing at IER-UNAM within the framework of CEMIE-Sol
projects, is filling the current gap that Mexico has for Conformity
Assessment of Photovoltaic Modules and provide service for
manufacturers, retailers and users of PV technologies.
Acreditation of Testing Laboratory
 The accreditation of a laboratory represents an
official recognition that the laboratory has the
necessary personnel, physical resources, and quality
assurance needed to perform a specific testing
activity.
 The process of accreditation involves the assessment
of a laboratory´s capability by an authority using
criteria that are generally accepted as the essential
requirements for a laboratory´s performance.
 This accreditation process helps instill confidence in
suppliers, manufacturers, and users that the
laboratory´s test results are accurate and valid.
Certification Body
 Third-party product certification involves a formal process
of licensing a manufacturer to use a certificate of
conformity.
 The certificate can take the form of tag, label, nameplate
or document affixed or otherwise directly associate with a
product, attesting that the product is in conformity with
the referenced standards or specifications.
 Such labels are often required through government
legislation or contractual agreements.
 The term third-party is used to indicate an organization
which issues a certification license to a manufacturer.
 The certification organization or Certification Body is a
third-party in the sense that it is neither a manufacturer
nor an end user.
Certification bodies
To ensure quality, safety, reliability and durability, PV modules
must exhibit a quality certificate or declaration of conformity
to the relevant regulations on construction, electrical
characteristics, performance and corresponding security
issued by a Certification Body.
Certification meaning…
A "certified module (declaration of conformity)" is one
that has approved specific tests on Safety and Quality.
The "certificate" refers to the proven product features
and lists the standards under which the tests have been
developed.
For the buyer, this certificate creates confidence when
making decision to purchase the product.
With the declaration of conformity (certificate), a buyer
no longer depends only on the information provided by the
manufacturer: he can trust the judgment of a neutral
certification entity.
For the manufacturer, it implies that the product has been
manufactured with quality components and its production
line manufactures reliable, safe and durable products.
Quality requirements: construction
International and National regulations
Manufacturing and marking
1. PV modules should be manufactured in compliance
with the relevant standard: IEC 61730-1; UL 1703;
UNE-EN-50380-2003; NMX-J-618/1 (2010).
2. The nameplate should have references or
information about electric performance (UNE-EN50380), security, reliability and durability.
3. The nameplate data should be corroborated by an
accredited Testing Laboratory.
Which are the Standards related to the
construction of PV modules?
PV module cross
section
COMPONENT
STANDARD
COMPONENT
STANDARD
NAMEPLATE
NMX-J-618/1-ANCE-2010 (IEC
61730-1); UL 1703;
UNE-EN- 50380 (2003)
CONNECTION
TERMINAL/OUTPUT LEAD
NMX-J-618/1-ANCE-2010 (IEC 617301); UL 1703
ENCAPSULANT/
POLYMERS
NMX-J-618/1-ANCE-2010 (IEC
61730-1);
UL 1703
NMX-J-618/1-ANCE-2010 (IEC
61730-1);
UL 1703
INTERCONNECTION CABLES
NMX-J-618/1-ANCE-2010 (IEC 617301);
CABLES CONNECTOR
NMX-J-618/1-ANCE-2010 (IEC 617301); UL 1703; UL-SU 6703; UL746C
JUNCTION BOX
NMX-J-618/1-ANCE-2010 (IEC 61730-
SUPERESTRATE
BYPASS DIODE
Quality requirements: Performance and
reliability
Testing purpose
 To determine the electric
characteristics of the module.
and
thermal
 Determine the ability of the module to
withstand environmental change (durability).
 PV module should be electrically safe.
 Power reliability.
Qualification test sequence
Mechanical tests
Environmental tests
Electrical tests
Wind load 2400 Pa, static load
5200 Pa
Thermal cycling: 50 and 200
Insulation
Damp heat test: 1000 h
Ground Continuity
Humidity Freeze cycling: 50
Accessibility
UV Preconditioning
Wet leakage current
Hot-spot endurance test
Bypass diode
Hail test
Robustness of terminations
Robustness of the junction box
Fire test
Facts on PV Systems
Are direct
converters.
current
electricity
Potential health risk.
They are governed by national and
international standards
Electrical installations must meet local and
national regulations
Grid connected PV systems to the
National Electric must meet the
specifications of CFE and the General
Rules for Interconnection
Standars for photovoltaic systems
(installation)
 IEC 60364-7-712, “Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-712:
Requirements for special installations or locations - Solar
photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems”.
 IEC 62109-1 ed1.0, “Safety of power converters for use in
photovoltaic power systems” – Part 1: General requirements
 IEC 62109–2 ed1.0, “Safety of power converters for use in
photovoltaic power systems” – Part 2, Particular requirements for
inverters.
 UL 1741, “Standard for Inverters, controllers and Interconnection
System Equipment for Use with Distributed Energy Sources”.
 IEEE 1547, “Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources
with Electric Power Systems”.
 IEC 62548: 2013, “Photovoltaic PV Arrays- Design requirements
 NOM 001-SEDE 2012 : Instalaciones Eléctricas (utilización), Art. 690
Voluntary Standards in Mexico
.
 NMX-J-643/12-ANCE-2011 (IEC 61836) – Dispositivos Fotovoltaicos-Parte
12: Términos, definiciones y simbología.
 NMX-J-618/1-ANCE-2010 (IEC 61730-1) – Evaluación de la seguridad en
módulos fotovoltaicos (FV)-Parte 1: Requisitos generales para
construcción.
 NMX-J-618/2-ANCE-2012 (IEC 61730-2) – Evaluación de la seguridad en
módulos fotovoltaicos (FV)-Parte 2: Requisitos para pruebas.
 NMX-J-618/3-ANCE-2012 (IEC 61646) - Evaluación de la seguridad en
módulos fotovoltaicos (FV)-Parte 3: Requisitos para módulos fotovoltaicos
de película delgada-Calificación del diseño.
 NMX-J-618/4-ANCE-2012 (IEC 61215) - Evaluación de la seguridad en
módulos fotovoltaicos (FV)-Parte 4: Requisitos para módulos fotovoltaicos
de silicio cristalino-Calificación del diseño.
 NMX-J-655/2-ANCE-2012 (IEC 61683) - Desempeño y eficiencia en sistemas
fotovoltaicos (FV)-Parte 2: Acondicionadores de energía-Procedimiento
para la medición de la eficiencia
 NMX-J-657/1-ANCE-2012 (IEC 62257-1) – Sistemas híbridos y de energía
renovable – Guía para la electrificación rural – Parte 1: Introducción
general.
Mandatory regulation for PV Systems
Electric Regulations: NOM 001-SEDE-2012;
IEC 62548: 2013, “Photovoltaic PV Arrays- Design
requirements”
MANDATORY
REGULATIONS
Authorities:
Verifications
units (UVIEs)
High performance,
Reliability,
Security,
Long life
CFE: Specifications G0100-04
CRE: General rules for PV interconnection
FIRCO-SAGARPA: Specifications,
NOM: Minimum safety requirements..
CRE y CFE: Power quality requirements and penetrability.
FIRCO-SAGARPA: Technical Specifications: Security requirements,
reliability and durability
Compliance
Standards
implies…
High
performance, Reliability, Security, Long life
Standard purpose
Ensure reliable long-term facilities and to reduce the
risk of injury and property damage.
Electrical Standard and Specifications are the
product of many years of experience in electrical
installations.
PV Systems that meet the
regulations are safe and durable
standards
The implementation of regulations
system cost and installation
impacting
or
Conclusions
 Quality in the PV products are important to
maintain a growing, reliable and sustainable market.
To ensure security, reliability and long duration, PV
products and PV Systems must meet standards. So…
 PV Manufacturer’s must have well define the
Quality Management System in order to ensure
manufacturing quality products.
 Best practices in the manufacture process must be
observed.
 PV manufacturer’s must certificate their products.
¡Thanks!
Unidad de Asistencia Fotovoltaica
Se agradece la participación especial de los siguientes
colaboradores:
R. L. Santos-Magdaleno; D. Martínez-Escobar; J. Ortega-Cruz;;
J. C. Percino; A. Reyes-Roldán; P. A. Sánchez-Pérez
Responsable:
Dr. Aarón Sánchez Juárez;
e-mail: [email protected]