organizaciuli qcevis Sesavali
organizaciuli qcevis safuZvlebi stiven p. robinsi san diegos saxelmwifo universiteti timoTi a. jaji floridis universiteti pirveli qarTuli gamocema ESSENTIALS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge University of Florida Tbilisi ilia WavWavaZis saxelmwifo universiteti 2009 proeqti ganxorcielda qarTve lologiis, humanitaruli da socialuri mecnierebebis fondis (rusTavelis fondi) finansuri mxardaWeriT This project has been made possible by financial support from the Foundation for Georgian Studies, Humanities and Social Sciences (Rustaveli Foundation) www.rustaveli.org.ge wigni iTargmna da gamosacemad momzadda ilia WavWavaZis saxelmwifo universitetSi proeqtiT (granti N 020-08): - `skolis marTva – problemebis analizi da maTi gadaWris gzebi~ mTargmneli: Tamar TurmaniZe samecniero redaqtori: Sorena maRlakeliZe, proeqtis xelmZRvaneli stilisti redaqtorebi: arCil gamzardia. lana yuraSvili Authorized translation from the English language edition, entitled ESSENTIALS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, 9th Edition; ISBN 0-13-240883-X; by ROBBINS, STEPHEN P; and JUDGE, TIMOTHY A.; published by Pearson Education, Inc, publishing as Prentice Hall, Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All right reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without permission form Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright for GEORGIAN language edition saavtoro ufleba Targmanze © 2009 © 2009 ILIA CHAVCHAVADZE STATE UNIVERSITY ilia WavWavaZis saxelmwifo universiteti ISBN 978-9941-9117-4-3 avtorizebuli Targmani inglisurenovani gamocemisa saTauriT organizaciuli qcevis safu Zvlebi, me-9 gamocema; ISBN 0-13-240883-X; Aavtorebi robinsi stivensi stiven f. da jaji timoTi a. gamomcemloba Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall, copyright © 2008 yvela ufleba daculia. winamdebare wignis arc erTi monakveTi ar eqvemdebareba reprOOoducirebas, an gadacemas nebismieri formiT an nebismieri gziT, eleqtronuli Tu meqanikuri fotokopirebis CaTvliT, gadamweri, an informaciis Senaxvis sxva sistemiT, Pearson Education Inc. nebarTvis gareSe ufaso gamocema es wigni eZRvneba Cems megobrebsa da kolegebs organizaciuli qcevis samecniero sazogadoebidan, romlebic TavianTi kvleviTa da swavlebis procesisadmi erTgulebiT mniSvnelovnad daexmarnen studentebs organizaciuli qcevis cnebebis gagebasa da gamoyenebaSi. Tavi 1 organizaciuli qcevis Sesavali mokle sarCevi Sesavali XIX nawili I prologi 1 1 organizaciuli qcevis Sesavali 1 nawili II pirovneba organizaciaSi 17 2 individualuri qcevis safuZvlebi 17 3 pirovnuli Tvisebebi da faseulobebi 40 4 aRqma da individualuri gadawyvetilebebis miReba 64 5 motivaciis cneba 86 6 motivacia: cnebidan gamoyenebamde 112 7 emociebi da ganwyobebi 135 nawili III jgufebi organizaciaSi 156 8 jgufuri qcevis safuZvlebi 156 9 samuSao gundis gageba 178 10 komunikacia 201 11 lideroba 223 12 Zalaufleba da politika 251 13 konfliqti da molaparakeba 269 nawili IV organizaciuli sistema 292 14 organizaciis struqturis safuZvlebi 292 15 organizaciuli kultura 316 16 organizaciuli cvlileba da ganviTareba 338 epilogi 361 SeniSvnebi 363 XVII qarTvel mkiTxvels Cems Tanaavtor stiv robinsTan erTad mivesalmebi ilia WavWavaZis saxelmwifo universitetSi qarTveli kolegebis mier organizaciuli qcevis safuZvlebis qarTul enaze gamocemas. amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi saqarTvelos didad vgulSematkivrobT da moxarulebi varT mis mier damoukideblobis aRdgeniT. vimedovneb, es wigni daxmarebas gauwevs am didebuli qveynis mkiTxvelebs. . timoTi a. jaji, genSvili, florida, aSS organizaciuli qcevis safuZvlebi nawili 1 prologi Tavi 1 organizaciuli qcevis Sesavali Tavi 1 organizaciuli qcevis Sesavali am Tavis wakiTxvis Semdeg Tqven unda SeZloT: 1. organizaciuli qcevis gansazRvra 2. organizaciuli qcevis sistematuri kvlevis mniSvnelobis axsna 3. qcevis mTavari mecnieruli disciplinebis mier organizaciul qcevaSi Setanili wvlilis garkveva 4. aRwera imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba daexmaros organizaciuli qcevis cnebebi organizaciebs produqtiulobis gazrdaSi 5. organizaciuli qcevis cnebebis gamoyenebisas menejerTa ZiriTadi problemebisa da SesaZleblobebis dasaxeleba 6. organizaciuli qcevis analizis sami donis gansazRvra. T u menejerebs sTxovT, daasaxelon maT winaSe mdgari yvelaze xSiri an rTuli problemebi, erTnair pasuxebs miiRebT. menejerebi yvelaze xSirad adamianebTan dakavSirebul problemebs asaxeleben. isini msjeloben TavianTi ufrosebis susti komunikaciis unarze, daqiravebulebis aramotivirebulobaze, gundis wevrebs Soris konfliqtebze, kompaniis reorganizaciis dros TanamSromlebis winaaRmdegobis daZlevasa da sxva msgavs problemebze. SeiZleba gagikvirdeT, rodesac SeityobT, rom adamianebis unar-Cvevebis Sesaxeb kursebi mxolod axlaxan gaxda biznes-skolis programebis mniSvnelovani nawili. Tumca praqtikosma menejerebma didi xania gaacnobieres adamianebs Soris urTierTobis unar-Cvevebis mniSvneloba menejerebis efeqturad muSaobaSi, biznes-skolebma es dagvianebiT aRiares. 1980-ian wlebamde bi- nawili I prologi: znes skolebis saswavlo programebi koncentrirebuli iyo menejmentis teqnikur mxareebze, yuradRebis centrSi gansakuTrebiT ekonomika, buRalteria, finansebi da raodenobrivi meTodebi aRmoCnda. menejmentis teqnikur mxareebTan SedarebiT, adamianebis qcevasa da unar-Cvevebs minimaluri yuradReba eTmoboda. ukanaskneli ori aTwleulis manZilze biznesis maswavleblebma menejerebis efeqtur muSaobaSi adamianebis qcevis gagebis mniSvneloba gaacnobieres da, Sedegad, maTi unarCvevebis Sesaxeb savaldebulo kursi mraval saswavlo programas daemata. rogorc liderobis dargSi masaCusetsis teqnologiuri institutis slounis menejmentis skolis direqtorma ganacxada: ~biznesis administrirebis magistrantebma teqnikuri da raodenobrivi unar-Cvevebi SeiZleba institutSi swavlis pirvel or weliwadSi SeiZinon, magram, mokle xanSi liderobisa da komunikaciis unari ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba im menejerTa gamosarCevad, romlebic karieraSi realur warmatebas aRweven~.1 maRalefeqturi personalis daqiravebisa da SenarCunebisaTvis organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi acnobiereben menejerebSi adamianebTan urTierTobis unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebis did mniSvnelobas. Sromis bazris pirobebis miuxedavad kvalificiuri muSaxelis raodenoba yovelTvis SezRudulia. kargi samuSao garemos reputaciis mqone kompaniebi, rogoricaa `starbaqsi~, `adobe sistemsi~, `sisko~, `houl fudi~, `amerikan eqspresi~, `amgeni~, `goldmen saCsi~, `pfaizeri~ da `merioti~, am mxriv did upiratesobas floben. SeerTebuli Statebis masStabiT samuSao Zalaze Catarebulma kvlevam aCvena, rom xelfasebi da damatebiTi SeRavaTebi ar aris adamianebis mier samsaxuris mowonebisa da damqiravebelTan darCenis ZiriTadi mizezi. ufro mniSvnelovania maTi samuSaos xarisxi da muSaobaSi xelSemwyobi garemo.2 ase rom, adamianebTan urTierTobis kargi unar-Cvevebis mqone menejerebTan muSaoba samuSao garemos, albaT, ufro sasiamovnos gaxdis, rac, Tavis mxriv, gaaadvilebs kvalificiuri muSaxelis daqiravebasa da SenarCunebas. amasTan, sasiamovno samuSao garemos Seqmna ekonomikurad gamarTlebulia. magaliTad, kargi samuSao garemos reputaciis mqone kompaniebs (romlebic `muSaobisaTvis sasurvel 100 saukeTeso amerikul kompanias~ Soris saxeldeba) maRali finansuri Sedegebis Cveneba SeuZliaT.3 teqnikuri unar-Cvevebi saWiroa, magram menejmetSi warmatebis misaRwevad sakmarisi ar aris. amJamad samuSao adgilebze konkurenciisa da moTxovnebis zrdis pirobebSi menejerebi marto teqnikuri unarCvevebis meSveobiT warmatebas ver aRweven. maT agreTve adamianebTan urTierTobis kargi unar-Cvevebic unda hqondeT. es wigni moqmed da potenciur menejerebs adamianuri urTierTobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaSi daexmareba. organizaciuli qcevis sfero samuSao adgilebze adamianebis Seswavlas zogadad organizaciuli qcevis kvlevas uwodeben. daviwyoT organizaciuli qcevis terminis gansazRvriT da mokled mimovixiloT misi warmoSoba. Tavi 1 organizaciuli qcevis Sesavali organizaciuli qceva swavlobs im gavlenas, romelsac organizaciebSi individebi, jgufebi da struqturebi qcevaze axdenen. organizaciuli qcevis mTavari mizania am codnis gamoyeneba organizaciebis efeqturobis gasaumjobeseblad. ramdenadac organizaciuli qceva konkretulad muSaxelis daqiravebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebiT interesdeba, misi gansakuTrebuli interesis sferoSi Sedis samsaxurTan, samuSaosTan, samsaxuris gacdenasa da mitovebasTan, produqtiulobasTan, adamianTa mier samuSaos Sesrulebasa da menejmentTan dakavSirebuli qceva. organizaciuli qceva interesdeba organizaciaSi qcevis sami ganmsazRvreliT: individebiT, jgufebiTa da organizaciis struqturiT. Tumca mecnierebi Tanxmdebian, Tu ra Temebi Seadgens organizaciuli qcevis kvlevis sagans, isini TiToeulis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb isev kamaToben. am wignSi Cven yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT Semdeg ZiriTad Temebze: motivacia liderTa qceva da Zalaufleba adamianTa Soris komunikacia jgufis struqtura da procesebi swavla damokidebulebis ganviTareba da aRqma cvlilebebis procesi konfliqti Sromis dizaini.4 sistematuri kvleviT intuiciis gamdidreba TiToeuli Cvengani qcevas TandaTan swavlobs. adreuli asakidan dawyebuli Cven sxvebis qmedebas vuyurebT da vcdilobT nanaxis gameorebas. miuxedavad imisa, gulwrfelad dafiqrebulxarT Tu ara amis Sesaxeb, mTeli cxovrebis manZilze adamianebs swavlobT. uyurebT, ras akeTeben sxvebi, cdilobT, gaigoT, Tu ratom moqmedeben amgvarad da, albaT, gsurT kidec, gamoicnoT, ras gaakeTeben isini sxva pirobebSi. samwuxarod, zerele an ganzogadebulma midgomam sxvebis qcevis gagebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba mcdar prognozamde migiyvanoT. rogorc organizaciuli qcevis kvleva gvaswavlis, prognozis unaris gasaumjobeseblad intuicia ufro sistematuri midgomiT unda gavamdidroT. am wignSi sistematuri midgomis gamoyenebiT Cven gamovarkvevT mniSvnelovan faqtebsa da urTierTobebs, rac qcevis ufro zustad prognozirebis saSualebas mogcemT. es sistematuri midgoma gulisxmobs, rom qce- -qceva ar aris SemTxveviTi, TiToeuli pirovnebis qcevas safuZvlad ZiriTadi logika udevs. nawili I prologi: va ar aris SemTxveviTi, TiToeuli pirovnebis qcevas safuZvlad ZiriTadi logika udevs da es ZiriTadi logika ise SeiZleba ganisazRvros da gardaiqmnas, rom individualuri gansxvavebebi asaxos. am ZiriTadi logikis gareSe Cven gagviWirdeboda qcevis gamocnoba. magaliTad, roca manqanaSi sxdebiT, Cveulebriv, gansazRvrul da Zalian zust prognozs akeTebT, Tu rogor moiqcevian sxva adamianebi. Tu CrdiloeT amerikaSi xarT, iciT, rom sxva mZRolebi manqanas sagzao niSnebTan da SuqniSnis wiTel SuqTan gaaCereben, gzis marjvena mxares imoZraveben da marcxena mxares Cagivlian. SegiZliaT warmoidginoT, ra moxdeba, manqanis marTvis dros adamianis qceva araprognozirebadi rom iyos? aSkaraa, moZraobis wesebi manqanis marTvis dros qcevis prognozirebas aadvilebs. SesaZloa CvenTvis nakleb gasagebi iyos is wesebi (dawerili Tu dauwereli), romelic TiToeul garemoSi arsebobs. magaliTad, liftSi Sesvlisas brundebiT da saxiT karisken dgebiT? TiTqmis yvela ase iqceva. magram wagikiTxavT rodesme, rom ase unda moiqceT? _ albaT, ara! Cven SegviZlia darwmunebiT vTqvaT, rom SesaZlebelia qcevis prognozireba (rasakvirvelia, 100%-iT ara) supermarketebSi, auditoriebSi, eqimis kabinetebSi, liftebSi da struqturuli situaciebis umetesobaSi. avtomobilis mZRolebis qcevis msgavsad (romlisTvisac gansazRvruli wesebi arsebobs), liftebSi adamianebis qcevis (romlisTvisac TiTqmis ar arsebobs dawerili wesebi) prognozirebac SegviZlia. mokled rom vTqvaT, zogadad qcevis gamocnoba SesaZlebelia, qcevis sistematuri kvleva ki zusti prognozis gakeTebis saSualebas warmoadgens. sistematur kvlevaSi vgulisxmobT: urTierTobebis kvlevas mizezebisa da Sedegebis gansazRvris mcdelobas Cveni daskvnebis mecnierul faqtebze dafuZnebas – im monacemebze, romlebic Sekrebilia kontrolirebuli pirobebis qveS, sakmaod zustad aris Sefasebulia da ganmartebuli. sistematuri kvleva aZlierebs intuicias, im `instinqtur grZnobebs~, rac `ama Tu im qcevas axsnis~. ra Tqma unda, sistematuri midgoma ar amtkicebs imis mcdarobas, rac arasistematuri gziT daijereT. am wignSi Cven mier gakeTebuli zogierTi daskvna, romelic kvlevis safuZvlian mignebebzea dafuZnebuli, mxolod daadasturebs, rac ukve simarTled migaCndaT, magram kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenili zogierTi faqti SeiZleba daupirispirdes imas, rasac aqamde saR azrad TvlidiT. vimedovnebT, rom SeZlebT qcevaze Tqveni intuiciuri Sexedulebebis gaZlierebas da sistematuri analizis saSualebiT adamianTa qcevis zustad axsnisa da prognozirebis gaumjobesebas. Tavi 1 organizaciuli qcevis Sesavali ilustracia 1-1 mecniereba qcevis Sesaxeb fsiqologia socialuri fsiqologia organizaciuli qcevis sferosaken wvlili swavla motivacia pirovnuli Tvisebebi emociebi aRqma gadamzadeba liderobis efeqturoba samsaxuriT kmayofileba individualuri gadawyvetileba qmediT Sefaseba damokidebulebis gazomva TanamSmreblis SerCeva Sromis dizaini samsaxurebrivi stresi qcevis cvlileba damokidebulebis cvlileba komunikacia jgufuri procesi jgufuri gadawyvetileba analizis erTeuli Sedegi individi jgufi organizaciuli qcevis kvleva komunikacia Zalaufleba konfliqti qceva jgufebs Soris sociologia formaluri organizaciuli organizaciuli organizaciuli organizaciuli Teoria teqnologia cvlileba kultura SedarebiTi Rirebulebebi SedarebiTi damokidebulebebi kulturaTSorisi analizi organizaciis sistema anTropologia organizaciuli kultura organizaciuli garemo Zalaufleba disciplinebi, romlebic xels uwyobs organizaciuli qcevis sferos organizaciuli qceva aris qcevis Semswavleli gamoyenebiTi mecniereba, romelic qcevis Semswavlel ramdenime disciplinas eyrdnoba, maT Soris, fsiqologiasa da socialur fsiqologias, sociologias, anTropologias. rogorc ilustracia 1-1 gviCvenebs, fsiqologia ZiriTadad in-
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