1. Art and Diseño

11th Annual Conference:
Programme and Book of
Abstracts
19th February 2015, Enterprise
Centre at the University of Derby
Contents
Conference programme .......................................................................................... 3
Keynote speakers .................................................................................................. 6
Dr Neil Coulson .................................................................................................. 6
Keynote speakers .................................................................................................. 7
Professor Sarah Grogan ...................................................................................... 7
Poster presentations .............................................................................................. 8
Session One (11.45am to 12.30pm, Conservatory) ................................................. 8
Session Two (3pm to 3.45pm, Conservatory) ......................................................... 9
Abstracts: Oral presentations................................................................................ 10
Theme 1a: ‘Interventions: Development and Trials’ (9.40 to 11am, Room 113) ....... 10
Theme 1b: ‘Issues relating to Visible Differences and Body Image’ (9.40 to 11am,
Room 116) ...................................................................................................... 12
Theme 2a: 'Personality and Attitudes' (12.30 to 1.30pm, Room 113) ...................... 15
Theme 2b: 'Applying IPA to Chronic Health Conditions' (12.30 to 1.30pm, Room 116)
...................................................................................................................... 17
Theme 3a: 'Issues related to Quality of Life' (3.45 to 4.45pm, Room 113) ............... 19
Theme 3b: 'Applications of Health Psychology' (3.45 to 4.45pm, Room 116) ............ 22
Abstracts: Poster presentations ............................................................................. 25
Poster Session One (11.45am to 12.30pm, Conservatory) ..................................... 25
Poster Session Two (3pm to 3.45pm, Conservatory) ............................................. 33
Workshop: Applying for a health psychology ........................................................... 42
PhD: Q&A (1.50-2.20pm, Room 113) ..................................................................... 42
Salimetrics ......................................................................................................... 43
PsyPAG .............................................................................................................. 44
MHPN 2014-2015 committee ................................................................................ 45
Local Interest Groups (LIGs) ................................................................................. 47
Conference programme
9.00
Registration and refreshments - Conservatory
9.30
Welcoming talk from committee - Room 113
First Oral Presentation Session
Room 113
1a - 'Interventions: Development and Trials'
Room 116
1b - 'Issues relating to Visible Differences and Body Image'
Chair: Atiya Kamel
Chair: Dr Fiona Holland
9.40
A longitudinal study of the effects of pre-exercise music
and non-music interventions on exercise adherence
Rachel Hallett & Alexandra Lamont
“It is safe to use if you are healthy”: A discursive analysis of men’s
online accounts of ephedrine use
Matthew Hall, Sarah Grogan & Brendan Gough
10.00
The effectiveness of Mindfulness-based interventions for
diabetes
Farhan Noordali, Janice Thompson & Jenn Cumming
A Qualitative Study to explore the effect of acculturation on body
image in a focus group of first generation Iranian women living in
the UK
Natalie Salimi
10.20
Developing a culturally-appropriate healthy weight
achievement intervention programme among BME
women living in the UK
Jessica Jones Nielsen, Sumira Riaz & Vanessa Bogle
A qualitative exploration of the experiences and support needs of
adults over the age of 50 who are living with a burn injury
Bethany Jones, Heather Buchanan & Diana Harcourt
10.45
Keynote lecture (Room 113) - Dr Neil Coulson
11.30
Break (with refreshments) and Poster Session One (Conservatory)
Second Oral Presentation Session
Room 113
2a - 'Personality and Attitudes'
Room 116
2b - 'Applying IPA to Chronic Health Conditions'
Chair: Dr Amy Burton
Chair: Dr Fiona Holland
12.15
Multidimensional Attitude Scale toward Persons with
Disabilities: Is it also valid with different types of
disabilities?
Mujde Koca-Atabey & James Bellini
An exploration of adults' experiences with living with atopic
dermatitis: an IPA study
Kaljit Kaur Sandhu
12.35
Self-criticism is directly associated with emotional
eating: a cross-sectional study
Steve Kennedy
Adapting to life with an oxygen concentrator: A longitudinal
interpretative phenomenological analysis
Ross Thomson, Jennifer Martin & Sarah Sharples
12.55
Examining personality traits, coping styles & adjustment
in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a pilot study
Fani Avgoustaki, Rachel Gillibrand & Caroline Flurey
Exploring the lived experience of Vocal Cord Dysfunction
Catherine Maskell, Ruth Howard, Jodie Fellows, Nicola Pargeter &
Adel Mansur
1.20
1.50
Lunch (Conservatory)
Applying for a health psychology
Meeting for LIGs (Room 116)
PhD: Q&A (Room 113)
2.20
Keynote lecture (Room 113) - Professor Sarah Grogan: Using Appearance Concerns to Promote Health:
Contemporary Perspectives and Future Directions
3.05
Break (with refreshments) and Poster Session Two (Conservatory)
Third Oral Presentation Session
Room 113
3a - 'Issues related to Quality of Life'
Room 116
3b - 'Applications of Health Psychology'
Chair: Professor David Sheffield
Chair: Dr Amy Cantwell
3.45
Exploring a breast cancer bloggers’ lived experiences of
the media’s representations of breast cancer
‘survivorship’
Cathy Ure, Sharon Coen & Jenna Condie
Developing a structured intervention for admissions in acute
mental-health
Tina Fanneran, Eleanor Bradley & David McNally
4.05
Young people’s experiences of living with liver disease
Shahreen Bashir, PK Lowe & E Peel
Beliefs, Behaviours and Practices: An Ethnographic Exploration of
Two Sunbed Tanning Salons
Jennifer Taylor, Alexandra Lamont & Michael Murray
4.25
Illness perceptions predict quality of life in patients with
lupus
Catherine Burgess & Sarah Deen
Preferences for and facilitators and barriers to physical activity in
people with vision loss: A focus group study
Amy Burton, Louise Clancy & Lisa Cowap
4.50
Awards presentation and closing talk from MHPN committee - Room 113
5.00
End of conference
Keynote speakers
Dr Neil Coulson
Associate Professor in Health Psychology, The University of Nottingham
Dr Neil Coulson is a graduate of the University of St. Andrews where he became
interested in health psychology after the appointment of Professor Marie Johnston and
with whom he worked with for his final year dissertation. From this he moved to the
Medical School at the University of Edinburgh where he trained in health promotion and
health education before undertaking his PhD at the University of Exeter under the
supervision of Professor J. Richard Eiser. He has held various lecturing posts prior to his
current appointment as an Associate Professor of Health Psychology at the University of
Nottingham.
Over the past 10 years he has held various posts within the BPS Division of Health
Psychology including Chair of the DHP Training Committee, Chief Assessor for the stage
2 qualification in health psychology and most recently the Chair of the Division of Health
Psychology. Dr Coulson is an internationally recognised expert in the field of online peer
support and has been working in this area for over 10 years.
Recent publications:
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Coulson, NS. (2014). Sharing, supporting and sobriety: a qualitative analysis of
messages posted to alcohol-related online discussion forums in the UK. Journal of
Substance Use, 19(1-2), 176-180
Campbell, K., Coulson, NS, & Buchanan, H. (2013). Empowering processes within
prostate cancer online support groups. International Journal of Web-Based
Communities, 9(1), 51-66
Malik, S. & Coulson, NS. (2013). Coming to terms with permanent involuntary
childlessness: a phenomenological analysis of bulletin board postings. Europe's
Journal of Psychology, 9(1), 77-92
Coulson, NS & Shaw, RL. (2013). Nurturing health-related online support groups:
Exploring the experiences of patient moderators. Computers in Human Behaviour,
29, 1695-1701
An extensive list of Neil’s publications is available at:
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/medicine/people/neil.coulson
Keynote speakers
Professor Sarah Grogan
Professor of Psychology, Health and Well-Being,
Manchester Metropolitan University
“Using Appearance Concerns to Promote Health: Contemporary
Perspectives and Future Directions”
Sarah Grogan graduated from Cardiff University with an undergraduate degree in
Psychology and a PhD. Between her degree and PhD she worked at University of Illinois
as a research assistant. Since then she has held lecturing posts at the University of
Birmingham, Manchester Metropolitan University, Santa Fe Community College in
Gainesville Florida (on a Fulbright exchange), and Staffordshire University. Sarah was
promoted to Professor of Health Psychology at Staffordshire University in 2006, and in
2013 took up the post of Professor of Psychology Health and Well-being at Manchester
Metropolitan University.
Sarah is a Health and Care Professions Council-registered Health Psychologist, and whilst
at Staffordshire University she ran the Centre for Health Psychology. In 2002 she led the
development of the first BPS-accredited Professional Doctorate in Health Psychology
providing Stage 2 professional training in health psychology. She is Associate Editor of
the British Journal of Health Psychology, and on the editorial boards of Body Image and
Journal of Health Psychology.
Sarah is interested in body image and its impact on health-related behaviours including
smoking, tanning, exercise and steroid use. Her sole-authored book Body Image:
Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men Women and Children is now in its second
edition. She is currently involved in various projects linking body image to smoking
cessation, sun tanning, and exercise, and has recently led work investigating impact of
an age-appearance morphing programme on smoking cessation.
She is also interested in smoking prevention and is a grant holder on a Medical Research
Council grant on smoking prevention. In 2013 she was elected to the Academy of Social
Sciences for distinguished contribution to social sciences research.
Recent publications:
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Grogan, S., Williams, A., Kilgariff, S., Bunce, J. et al. (2014). Dance and body
image: young people’s experiences of a dance movement psychotherapy session.
Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 6 (2), 261-277.
Williams, A., Grogan, S., Clark-Carter, D. & Buckley, E. (2013). British
adolescents' sun protection and UV exposure awareness. British Journal of School
Nursing, 8 (9), 436-441.
Grogan, S., Gill, S., Brownbridge, K., Kilgariff, S. & Whalley, A. (2013). Dress fit
and body image: A thematic analysis of women's accounts during and after trying
on dresses. Body Image, 10 (3), 380-388.
An extensive list of Sarah’s publications is available at: http://bit.ly/1xvu4pb
Poster presentations
Session One (11.45am to 12.30pm, Conservatory)
Board Number
Title and Author
1
“I’ll cross the bridge when I come to it”: Barriers to Adapting a Healthy
Lifestyle for Individuals at Risk of Developing Diabetes
Muzamal Rehman
2
Virtual Field Trips as physically active lessons for children: Preliminary work
Emma Norris, Nicola Shelton, Sandra Dunsmuir, Oliver Duke-Williams &
Emmanouil Stamatakis
3
“At some point, something is going to break”: Discovering the experiences of
adults with congenital heart disease
Elaine Walklet & Heather Still
4
Adherence to vitamin supplementation following Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery:
predictive factors of locus of control and self-efficacy
Julie O'Connor
5
Developing the MSQoL-C: A quality of life measure for informal carers of
people with Multiple Sclerosis
Gogem Topcu, Heather Buchanan & Aimee Aubeeluck
6
The role of emotions, coping styles and stress in binge and emotional eating
among female university students
Okechukwu Okoye & Omorogieva Ojo
7
‘I love my roundy body’: Lived experiences of healthy, non-dieting women
who live outside the medically determined ideal weight range
Fiona Holland & Karin Peterson
8
Mothers’ experiences of feverish illness in their young children: a qualitative
pilot study
Sarah Catchpole & Fiona Holland
9
You think you are superman! How masculine ideals impact health related
behaviour: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Shirley Black Califano & Fiona Holland
10
Psychological Intervention in Adults with Long Term Pain: Six Month
Outcomes for a Pain Management Programme
Anisha Vyas, Cressida Darwin, Catherine Campbell, Kirsty Eaves, Paul
Morrison & Patrick Hill
11
Women's Experiences of Pelvic Pain
Lucy Singer, Helen Poole, Natalie Lane & Rajiv Chawla
Session Two (3pm to 3.45pm, Conservatory)
Board Number
Title and Author
1
Using a face-to-face Delphi method to reach stakeholder consensus
regarding the development of a of health care intervention
David McNally & Tina Fanneran
2
“Lost in a different shell”: Exploring Accounts of Identity in Adults with
Acquired Brain Injury
Benjamin Lond & Iain Williamson
3
Adding personality to the Theory of Planned Behaviour in relation to cervical
screening
Rebecca Rushton & Sarah Dean
4
Development of an innovative web-based intervention to increase fruit and
vegetable consumption in primary school aged children
Lisa Cowap, Rachel Povey & David Clark-Carter
5
Experiences of those living with cancer who practice yoga
Sarah McGarry & Amy Burton
6
Increasing physical activity through self-efficacy as a consequence of social
support experienced from computer game interaction
Jonathan Farnell, Katherine Swainston, Amanda McNamee & Paul Van
Schaik
A Cross sectional study of Quality of Life and Stigma in People with Epilepsy
in the UK and Kurdistan
Nashmel Sargalo, Bridget Dibb & Stanley O. Gaines, Jr
7
8
A Thematic Analysis To Explore A Competitive Weightlifter’s Weight Loss
Journey
Parminder Singh Thindal
9
Pain Communication: The Interpretation of Pain through the Role of
Gestures
Amanda Peach & Vicki Staples
10
Exploring the role of disgust in cancer
Paul Overton, Philip Powell, Jane Simpson & Haffiezhah An-Nadiah Azlan
11
Experiences of living with Atopic Dermatitis in young adulthood: an IPA
analysis
Muzamal Rehman
Abstracts: Oral presentations
Theme 1a: ‘Interventions: Development and Trials’ (9.40 to 11am, Room
113)
1. A longitudinal study of the effects of pre-exercise music and non-music
interventions on exercise adherence
Rachel Hallett1 & Alexandra Lamont1
1
Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire
Email: [email protected]
Background: Regular exercise improves both physical and mental health, but many
people struggle to adhere to exercise programmes. Music is widely used by exercisers,
and its physiological and psychological benefits in physical activity have been
demonstrated; music may, it has been suggested, aid adherence, but no evidence had
yet substantiated this. Although music listening for pre-event preparation in sport has
been documented previously, as has music’s use to ‘get in the mood’ for activities such
as housework, there is an absence of literature on the motivational application of music
to carry out exercise when played beforehand
Aim: This research aimed to investigate whether a pre-exercise music intervention to
‘get in the mood’ for exercise would lead to exercise adherence, comparing it with the
established method of implementation intentions, where strategies for overcoming
barriers are devised, and written down in the form “If x happens, then I will do y,” with
the intention that these are then acted on when barriers occur. The hypotheses were
that those using interventions would achieve more exercise and meet their exercise
goals more frequently. Since implementation intentions are easier to use, requiring no
equipment, it was anticipated that the implementation intentions intervention group’s
results would be superior to those in the music group.
Methods: The design was longitudinal, randomised, controlled, between-participants
and field-based, with three conditions. We tested two pre-exercise interventions: (1)
playing motivating music at the point the individual would take action to convert
intention to behaviour (i.e. prepare to exercise: this is also the point at which it may be
decided not to exercise) to instil an ‘exercising’ mood, or (2) using implementation
intentions. A third condition, a control with no intervention, provided a comparison.
Ninety-nine participants signed up to take part, with those already exercising completing
monthly surveys for 6 months, and those returning to exercise after a break completing
surveys for a year. Fifty participants completed the study.
Findings: Both the pre-exercise music intervention and the implementation intentions
intervention assisted adherence. For number of exercise sessions overall, those in the
music intervention group carried out significantly more exercise sessions than the control
group. For number of exercise sessions compared against exercise goals (number of
planned sessions), those in the implementation intentions group achieved a significantly
larger proportion of their goals than the control group, while the music group’s goal
achievement, although greater than the control group’s, did not quite achieve
significance.
Discussion: These findings support both interventions as possible strategies for
improving exercise adherence by overcoming psychological barriers occurring before an
exercise session. There was not any clear advantage to one intervention over the other.
Music may have potential to bridge the intention-behaviour gap in exercise behaviours,
and pre-exercise music listening offers a simple, enjoyable tool to help the general public
meet their exercise aims. This research opens up a potentially fruitful field combining
music psychology and health psychology.
2. The effectiveness of Mindfulness-based interventions for diabetes
Farhan Noordali1, Janice Thompson1 & Jenn Cumming1
1
The University of Birmingham, Birmingham
Email: [email protected]
Background: Diabetes can lead to metabolic, microvascular and macrovascular
complications. In addition, diabetes is psychologically and behaviourally demanding, as it
requires meticulous self-management through multiple lifestyle adaptations. Diabetes’
comorbidity with stress, anxiety, depression and (perceived) stigmatisation can impede
optimal diabetes-related self-management. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) were
originally designed for stress management but have had successful applications in
mental and physical health settings. MBIs have increasingly been applied to diabetes.
Current literature has not yet aggregated this body of research therefore a systematic
review has been conducted for this purpose as well as to address gaps in the literature
thus far.
Aim: The aim of the systematic review is to examine the effectiveness of MBIs in
reducing diabetes-related physiological and psychological symptoms in adults (18+
years) with diabetes.
Methods: Five relevant databases were systematically searched: Medline, Web of
Science, PubMed, PsychInfo and Google Scholar. The included Studies were also critically
appraised by using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist.
Findings: A total of twelve studies (from fifteen articles) satisfied the inclusion criteria.
There was much heterogeneity in outcomes measures. MBI effectiveness for glycaemic
control and blood pressure was mixed. MBIs were particularly beneficial in reducing
depression and anxiety symptoms across several studies. Where measured, MBIs
improved self-reported quality of life and wellbeing measures. Several other
psychological benefits were observed. However, MBI efficacy in alleviating distress was
varied.
Discussion: MBIs appear to have numerous psychological benefits in a diabetes
population which may facilitate better health behaviours such as physical activity and
better diet. In some instances, MBIs lead to physiological benefits. The general short
term follow-up periods do not allow sufficient time to observe physiological changes and
do little in the way of illustrating MBIs’ long-term efficacy. More long-term research with
consistent outcome measures are required.
3. Developing a culturally-appropriate healthy weight achievement
intervention programme among BME women living in the UK
Jessica Jones Nielsen1, Sumira Riaz1 & Vanessa Bogle1
1
City University London, London
Email: [email protected]
Background: Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) women are at high risk for obesity and
obesity-related health problems which include diabetes, cardiovascular disease and
hypertension. Within the UK, the prevalence for obesity appears to be higher among
Black African, Black Caribbean and Pakistani women than for women in the general
population. Specifically, rates of obesity among Black African and Black Caribbean
women were 38% and 32%, respectively, when compared to 23% in the general female
population. Major explanations for the prevalence of obesity among BME women are
multifaceted and complex and the reasons for additional obesity-related health problems
among this group still remain unclear. Weight modification interventions have been
offered to the general population, however, research suggests normative weight
interventions, without specific cultural foundations have not been successful within
culturally diverse groups, such as the Black and Minority Ethic (BME) populations.
Aim: The major aim of the research was to guide the development of a culturallyappropriate weight modification intervention for a larger participatory action research
programme. Specifically, the research utilised the Participatory Culture Specific
Intervention Model (PCSIM) as a framework to investigate and ultimately enhance healthy
weight achievement behaviours among BME women drawn from the general UK
population. The main aim of the study was to attain a qualitative understanding of healthy
weight achievement, identify the motivators and barriers to healthy weight achievement,
and ultimately develop intervention strategies amongst BME women living in the UK.
Methods: Participants were recruited from BME community-based events in West and
North London. Two focus groups were conducted with 14 BME women of Black Caribbean
and Black African descent. Open-ended questions and probes were used to stimulate
discussions. Data was analysed using Thematic Analysis based on Grounded Theory
principles to highlight themes and concepts.
Findings: Results indicated that perceived healthy weight achievement did not
necessarily include weight or BMI levels amongst the sample of women. Indicators such
as fit of clothes or confidence levels emerged as themes within this construct. With
regards to motivators to health weight achievement, health concerns, influence of
others, and desire to feel more confident were identified amongst the two focus groups.
Lack of support within their cultural communities and families, hair maintenance, time
and money were identified as barriers to healthy weight achievement. BME women’s
perceived health weight achievement behaviours such as addressing confidence issues,
eating culturally specific healthy foods and engaging in low-cost exercise options were
identified as specific intervention components that may encourage these women to
engage in a health weight achievement programme.
Discussion: The findings provided context for developing a culturally appropriate
healthy weight achievement programme for BME women. Programme development and
healthy weight achievement interventions that are specifically tailored for BME women
can be guided by formative qualitative research.
Theme 1b: ‘Issues relating to Visible Differences and Body Image’ (9.40
to 11am, Room 116)
4. “It is safe to use if you are healthy”: A discursive analysis of men’s
online accounts of ephedrine use
Matthew Hall1, Sarah Grogan2 & Brendan Gough3
1
Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham
2
Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester
3
Leeds Beckett University, Leeds
Email: [email protected]
Background: Ephedrine use in sport is well-known (Magkos & Kavouras, 2004). Less
well-known is men’s use of ephedrine as a slimming aid. Arguably fuelled by the ‘war on
obesity’ and the drive for muscularity (Grogan, 2008; 2010) the internet has become
awash with claims presenting ephedrine as safe. The use of this psychoactive substance
can have acute health implications such as tachycardia, arrhythmias and cardiovascular
disease (European Centre for Drugs and Drug Additions, 2013). Given the tension
between health risk and ephedrine-induced weight loss, how men justify their use of
ephedrine becomes an important question.
Aim: Our aim was to analyse how male users talked to others about ephedrine in
discussions linked to an online version of a popular men’s magazine.
Methods: Because we were particularly interested in how men accounted for their
ephedrine use, we used discourse analysis to examine their posts (Potter, 1996).
Findings: In analysing the data, we noted that a “community of practice” (e.g. Ba,
2001) was constructed online categorising legitimate (and barred) users, emphasising
the benefits of ephedrine, and downplaying health-defeating side effects.
Discussion: Ephedrine use is associated with many health risks and side effects, which
any user is compelled to acknowledge and negotiate in order to rationalise consumption.
Our analysis highlights how men account for - and justify – their ephedrine use to other
users and contributors to an online forum linked to Men’s Health magazine. We show
how membership of the ephedrine user community is policed, how use is predicated on
certain attributes relating to health, body shape and lifestyle, and how use is positively
framed when undertaken by ‘legitimate’ users – including side effects otherwise viewed
as unpleasant. Overall, risk is downplayed for eligible users, who position themselves as
rational, pragmatic, knowledgeable, and in control. We note that ephedrine use is tied to
masculinised gym, sporting and occupational contexts, and that appetite suppression
effects are generally (although not always) welcomed. Weight loss for men in the
context of ephedrine use then is framed as masculine – based on science, personal
experience/expertise, and logical intake plans linked to sport and muscularity. From a
health promotion perspective, use of high doses of ephedrine is fraught with unknown
health risks and dangerous side effects (Calfee & Fadale, 2006; Medicinenet.com, 2014),
so the accounts of ephedrine users could and perhaps should be challenged. For
example, information on the dangers of ephedrine which cites scientific evidence (a
resource drawn upon by users) could be posted online or at gyms. As well, alternative
nonchemical ways of weight managing weight could be promoted at these sites. Markers
of masculinity drawn upon by male users could also be leveraged to discourage or
minimise ephedrine use, for example using notions of rationality or pragmatism.
5. A Qualitative Study to explore the effect of acculturation on body image
in a focus group of first generation Iranian women living in the UK
Natalie Salimi1
1
The University of Derby, Derby
Email: [email protected]
Background: Acculturation; the acquisition of cultural values, language, norms and
behaviours of a dominant society, is an emergent area of research for understanding the
development of disordered eating and body dissatisfaction in ethnic minority groups
within western society. Despite this, little agreement exists on the extent to which the
process of acculturation post migration effects body image and diet, with research
suggesting that it is moderated by a person’s pre-existing belief system. A high
achievement orientation, exposure to western society, and a history of pre morbid
obesity are all identified risk factors associated with eating disorders. They are also said
to be the combination frequently seen in Middle Eastern women; raising the question do
these women feel greater vulnerability to body image dissatisfaction when living in the
West? With current acculturation and body image research being limited to certain
ethnic groups, a need is evident to broaden research to include the experiences of those
who have also shown changes in body image and eating behaviour post-migration;
Iranian women.
Aim: The study aimed to explore the process of acculturation of 6 UK-based Iranian
women (32-50 years), currently residing in the East Midlands, who took part in a focus
group to explore the effects of culture on body image and diet.
Method: This study employed a qualitative design. A focus group was conducted in
English with Iranian participants who ranged from living in the UK from 4-8 years. All
data was recorded and anonymised in the transcription, with themes identified using the
six phase thematic analysis framework described by Braun and Clarke (2006).
Findings: The findings support existing qualitative research that looked at the
experiences of Iranian migration and determinants of obesity among recent immigrants
in Australia; finding that the effects of acculturation on body image appeared to be
moderated by peoples pre-existing belief system. However, this study adds to the
limited research in this area, as generational differences were seen in that younger
women perceived a greater similarity between cultures, which affected level of assumed
integration. Evidence revealed that all participants retained their sense of Iranian
identity while they also adopted some aspects of the Western life. This refutes theories
that acculturation is a uni-dimensional construct in which old cultural values are replaced
by values of the host culture.
Discussion: There are implications for healthcare professionals in understanding the
importance of promoting a bicultural identity in Iranian migrants to help resolve the
psychological conflict and stress that may otherwise arise in trying to reconcile the move
from the traditional concept of the women (eastern) to the modern Western women.
However, further research is required to examine the potential mediator variable, selfesteem, on heritage identity and body esteem, as the current study is limited in
establishing if self-esteem can be attributed solely to the effects of cultural identity or if
self-esteem is reflective of another reported acculturation buffer; age.
6. A qualitative exploration of the experiences and support needs of adults
over the age of 50 who are living with a burn injury
Bethany Jones1, Heather Buchanan2 & Diana Harcourt3
1
Loughborough University, Loughborough
2
The University of Nottingham, Nottingham
3
The University of the West of England, Bristol
Email: [email protected]
Background: Burn survivors are thought to face an array of psychosocial challenges such
as depression, appearance-related concerns, fear of negative evaluation and social
avoidance. However, the conclusions drawn from the existing literature are limited to
children, adolescents, young or middle-aged adults. There is a dearth of knowledge
surrounding the experiences and support needs of burn survivors over the age of 50. This
is surprising considering that older adults account for approximately 10-16% of the
population in Europe who are severely burnt.
Aim: The current study aimed to explore the experiences and support needs of adults over
the age of 50 who were living with a burn injury, with a focus on ageing and appearance.
Methods: Ten participants aged between 51-71 were recruited from four UK charities:
Changing Faces, The Katie Piper Foundation, Dan’s fund for burns and Age UK Nottingham
and Leicester. The age when participants were injured ranged from 5 months to 68 years
and although the study invited participants with burn injuries of any size or severity, all
participants described themselves as having a burn injury that was visible to others. Semistructured interviews were conducted (1 face-to-face, 4 email and 5 telephone) which
lasted 30-90 minutes. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using Interpretive
Phenomenological Analysis.
Findings: Analysis revealed the following four main themes: (1) Coming to terms with a
new identity; (2) Living with a visible difference in the eyes of others; (3) Me, myself and
I; (4) The importance of maintaining appearance.
Discussion: In support of the previous appearance and older adult literature, the passage
of time appeared to have a positive impact on psychosocial adjustment for participants
who had sustained a burn during childhood although some participants still felt their
journey of adjustment was ongoing. At their current life stage, participants who sustained
a burn injury as children required information about how the aging process may impact
on their burn injuries. Participants who sustained a burn during adulthood needed
psychosocial support to accept the unchangeable and positive influence the changeable
(e.g. beliefs about others reactions). In relation to delivery of support services, these
findings suggest that peer support may be beneficial to reduce feelings of isolation. The
findings also suggested that maintaining an appearance that is socially acceptable is
important. Previous body image and older adult literature has found participants to engage
in appearance-enhancing strategies to increase social visibility. However, in the current
study participants engaged in appearance-enhancing strategies to disguise, conceal or
draw attention away from their burn injuries to reduce their social visibility. These findings
have important practical implications for both healthcare professionals and support
services.
Theme 2a: 'Personality and Attitudes' (12.30 to 1.30pm, Room 113)
7. Multidimensional Attitude Scale toward Persons with Disabilities: Is it
also valid with different types of disabilities?
Mujde Koca-Atabey1 & James Bellini2
1
2
Ipek University, Ankara, Turkey
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
Email: [email protected]
Background: Attitudes toward disability in individuals and in society are pervasive and
likely impact the lived experience of persons with visible disabilities. The practical and
social aspects (e.g., discrimination, stigma) of having a disability also depend upon the
type, severity and visibility of the condition.
Aim: The current study investigates the stability of the factor structure of a revised
Multidimensional Attitude Scale Toward Persons with Disabilities (MAS; Vilchinsky,
Werner, & Findler, 2010) in a US sample with the addition of two visible disability
conditions (i.e., using a white cane and having facial disfigurement), along with the
original wheelchair stimulus condition and a no-disability condition.
Methods: Participants for this study were 355 university students, 29 of whom declare
disability. There were 260 women and 89 men with a mean age of 26.28). For the
current study, the language of the vignette was changed from “Joseph” or Michelle” to
“you” so participants were answering the items in a more direct manner, and using a
white cane and having facial disfigurement were added as experimental stimuli. The
observers were the participants’ themselves. Eight text-based vignettes were created
(i.e. man/woman in a wheelchair/with a white cane/ with a facial disfigurement/no
visible disability). Principal Component’s analysis with varimax rotation was conducted
with setting the factor structure as 5.
Findings: The results revealed a fairly stable factor structure across the three disability
stimulus conditions and a similar factor structure to that reported by Vilchinsky et al.
(2010). However, the facial disfigurement sub-sample was the closest to the original. It
is also important to note that excluding participants with disabilities does not the factor
structures.
Discussion: Facial disfigurement might be regarded as a social and bodied disability,
which does not always include functional limitations. The results are important in relation
to the ‘bodyness’ of disabilities. Recent literature argues about a hierarchy between
different disability types both among people with and without disabilities. The current
findings might contribute this hierarchy discussion where facial disfigurement stands out.
Visibility is argued as an important aspect of disability experience. Further research may
include less visible conditions such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, hearing impairment and
more visible (e.g. amputations, limb deficiencies, dwarfism) ones. Evaluating the
attitudes within different social contexts might also be valuable. These contexts might be
formal such as job or school environment or less formal such as party or social
gatherings.
8. Self-criticism is directly associated with emotional eating: a crosssectional study
Steve Kennedy1
The University of Derby
1
Email: [email protected]
Background: Gilbert’s model of affect regulation suggests that individuals perceiving a
threat will attempt to self-soothe. A potential internal threat is self-criticism and a
potential source of self-soothing is eating. Thus, there is a possible association between
self-criticism and emotional eating and previous research suggests that this association
can be moderated by gender. Self-compassion is often considered to be the antidote to
self-criticism and general wellbeing can be a factor in emotional eating. BMI can
contribute to levels of self-criticism in overweight and obese individuals and it may play
a role in the association between self-criticism and emotional eating. The goal of selfsoothing may influence eating behaviour, particularly the frequency and type of snacks
consumed.
Aim: The aim of the current study was to assess the strength of the association between
self-criticism and emotional eating in a general population. Within this overall aim the
moderating effects of gender, and the mediation effects of self-compassion, general
wellbeing, and BMI were examined. The association between self-criticism and high and
low-calorie snacking was also examined.
Methods: Three hundred and forty complete responses from adults were obtained via
the use of direct email, social media, and an online survey. Correlation and regression
analysis was used to assess the association between self-criticism and emotional eating.
Mediation analysis employing the Sobel test was used to assess the mediating role of
general wellbeing, self-compassion and BMI between self-criticism and emotional eating.
The association between self-criticism and high calorie snacking was also assessed.
Findings: Self-criticism was associated with emotional eating (r = .237, p <.001) and
increases in self-criticism predicted increases in emotional eating (R 2 = .086). The
association was stronger for women. Self-compassion, general wellbeing and BMI did not
mediate the relationship. When used as a continuous variable BMI did not significantly
contribute to the variance in emotional eating explained by self-criticism. However, when
used as a categorical variable (<=/> 25), BMI highlighted increases in self-criticism in
the >25 category. Self-criticism had a small and significant association with high-calorie
snacking.
Discussion: Whilst previous studies have focused on self-criticism being a result of
emotional eating this study highlighted the association between the two variables, and
the efficacy of self-criticism as a predictor of emotional eating, with no causal attribution.
The results also indicated that BMI is not associated with self-criticism. There was no
mediation effect of self-compassion, general wellbeing, or BMI which indicated a direct
effect between self-criticism and emotional eating. The intercorrelations between factors
of self-criticism, self-compassion, and general wellbeing were in the medium to high
range suggesting that they were measuring similar psychological processes and
theoretical constructs. The increased associations in the >25 BMI category introduced
the possibility that weight stigma was playing a role in the results. Further study could
investigate the moderating or mediating effects of weight stigma. Qualitative studies
may help towards a phenomenological understanding of the relationship between selfcriticism and emotional eating.
9. Examining personality traits, coping styles & adjustment in rheumatoid
arthritis patients: a pilot study
Fani Avgoustaki1, Rachel Gillibrand1 & Caroline Flurey1
The University of the West of England, Bristol
1
Email: [email protected]
Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory
disease that affects the joints. Previous research has not investigated the interplay of
personality traits and coping strategies in relation to RA patients’ adjustment.
Aim: The aim of this research was to explore potential associations between personality
traits, coping strategies and adjustment with RA patients.
Methods: A mixed methodology design was employed. RA patients (self-reported
diagnosis) completed measures of adjustment (AIS and VAS), coping styles (EPQ) and
personality traits (MCMQ) and an open-ended question: “If you have any additional
comments or thoughts you would like to make please write them down below”. Data
were analysed using quantitative correlational tests and qualitative exploratory case
studies analysis.
Findings: Thirty participants: 26 female, median age: 51yrs, mean disease duration:
19.5yrs (SD 12.5). A negative correlation was found between adjustment and
neuroticism (r=-0.636, p=0.01), indicating patients high in neuroticism had poorer
adjustment. Qualitative comments added depth “I have adjusted to my condition more
in a physical sense than a mental sense and feel it takes a long time to come to terms
with” (high neuroticism, low adjustment). Negative correlations were also found
between adjustment and both avoidance and resignation coping, indicating patients with
these emotion-focused coping styles had poorer adjustment (r=-0.506, p=0.01; r=0.428, p=0.05 respectively): “It’s been a shock and I thought I would have adjusted by
now to having a chronic condition, but it just hits me sideways sometimes” (high
avoidance, low adjustment). A correlation between resignation coping and neuroticism
was found (r=0.500, p=0.01). However, no relationship was found between avoidance
coping and neuroticism. Both neuroticism and avoidance coping were negatively
correlated with patients’ disease duration (r=-0.531, p=0.01; r=-0.476, p=0.05
respectively), indicating RA patients with <20yrs disease duration have higher
neuroticism and use more avoidant coping. Furthermore, adjustment was found to be
correlated with patients’ disease duration (r=0.573, p=0.01) indicating that patients with
greater disease duration show better adjustment.
Discussion: Neuroticism and emotion-focused coping negatively influence RA patients’
adjustment and the neuroticism personality trait accounts for more resignation coping in
RA patients. Disease duration is an important factor influencing RA patients’ adjustment.
Health professionals should be aware that personality and coping style can influence
patients’ ability to adjust and adapt to their RA. Understanding this difference in
adjustment is necessary to inform the design of self-management interventions and to
tailor treatment approaches to the individual. Future research should explore personality
and coping styles on adjustment to RA through a large multi-centre survey study
powered for significance, to examine how widespread these issues are. The impact of
disease duration on adjustment also needs further exploration, which could be achieved
through a longitudinal study to assess how adjustment to RA changes over time.
Theme 2b: 'Applying IPA to Chronic Health Conditions' (12.30 to
1.30pm, Room 116)
10.An exploration of adults' experiences with living with atopic dermatitis:
an IPA study
Kaljit Kaur Sandhu1
The University of Derby
1
Email: [email protected]
Background: Previous research has found that adults with Atopic Dermatitis (AD) are at
higher risks of depression and other mood disorders. Studies investigating adults with
chronic illnesses report that adults feel a sense of prejudice and judgement due to the
appearance of their chronic illness. There is a lack of research investigating an adult’s
experience of living with AD as many have focused on children living with AD or the
parent’s report on their child’s experiences.
Aim: This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding into the experiences of adults
with AD and the affects it may have on their wellbeing and quality of life.
Methods: A qualitative design was utilised employing a hermeneutic approach to
explore the individual’s personal experience. Using an interpretive phenomenological
method (IPA), 3 semi-structured interviews were carried out on adults with AD. Smith's
(2004) IPA process was used as a guide for the data analysis.
Findings: The main themes discussed were coping mechanisms, social experiences and
mood. The themes related to previous studies that investigated children and
adolescents, suggesting that their emotional and physical changes continue to manifest
throughout adulthood.
Discussion: Better support is required from General Practitioners to enable individuals
with AD to cope better and ensure their quality of life is improved. Psychological support
should be offered to individuals with AD to enable them to express and articulate their
struggles and frustration in addition to offering further positive strategies for coping.
Further research should investigate the emotional support of individuals with AD.
11.Adapting to life with an oxygen concentrator: A longitudinal
interpretative phenomenological analysis
Ross Thomson1, Jennifer Martin1 & Sarah Sharples1
The University of Nottingham, Nottingham
1
Email: [email protected]
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem
of increasing mortality and morbidity. Long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) is established
as the only therapy proven to alter the course of later stage COPD by improving survival
rates when oxygen is administered for at least 15 hours a day. The most common and
cost effective way to deliver oxygen for LTOT patients is by using an oxygen
concentrator. Bringing a medical device in to the home environment of older people can
have implications for both the patient and their partner. While previous research has
described some of the benefits and problems associated with long term oxygen therapy
in established patients, little attention has been focused on the device itself and the
effect it can have on older couples.
Aim: This study aimed to describe how older couples experience the process of being
given an oxygen concentrator to use at home over time.
Methods: Four couples (≥65 years old) where one person in each couple had a
diagnosis of COPD and met the criteria for LTOT, were recruited from an NHS respiratory
clinic. Initial semi-structured interviews lasting approximately one hour each were
conducted between 1 day prior and 6 weeks post concentrator delivery, then at 4 weeks
later and finally 4 months after that. Interviews were firstly analysed longitudinally
within each case first, followed by group analysis using Interpretative Phenomenological
Analysis.
Findings: The process of analysis produced four super-ordinate themes regarding older
people’s experiences of adjusting to oxygen concentrator use in the home. Participants
described the different stages they had to negotiate on the ‘journey to accepting the
oxygen concentrator’ into their lives and homes. This involved ways in which they had to
‘make space in their lives’ and come to terms with ‘new freedoms and restrictions’. The
concentrator was also responsible for promoting harmony and conflict as they
‘negotiated a changing relationship’ with each other.
Discussion: The ease with which the device was accepted by these couples appeared to
be mediated by the expectations that they had about the device and that managing
patient and partner expectations of life with an oxygen concentrator may ease the
process of accepting their new situation. The education that may be most beneficial to
couples should not only concern the practicalities of using the device in the home but
should also cover the psychological and social impact that the device may have. The
results of this study may prove useful to healthcare professionals in improving their
approaches to how these types of devices are introduced to patients and their families
and the design of educational and support packages that may assist patients and their
partners in the transition to become users of oxygen concentrators.
12.Exploring the lived experience of Vocal Cord Dysfunction
Catherine Maskell1, Ruth Howard1, Jodie Fellows2, Nicola Pargeter2 & Adel Mansur2
The University of Birmingham, Birmingham
1
Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham
2
Background Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a little known medical condition where the
vocal cords adduct on breathing in. This impacts on a person’s ability to breathe and can
be misdiagnosed as asthma and therefore treated inappropriately and excessively
(Mansur, 2012). The experience of a VCD attack itself (described as feeling like
“choking” or “strangulation”) can be very distressing. There is some evidence that
psychological factors can contribute to both the onset and maintenance of the condition
(Morris et al, 2013). Little has been written about the patient experience of VCD and
therefore this study was seeking to understand what it is like to live with the condition.
Aim To explore how individuals live with VCD and the impact it has on their lives.
Methods Six adults diagnosed with VCD were interviewed and transcripts were analysed
via Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (Willig, 2009).
Findings Analysis illuminated three broad areas: 1. Living with VCD requires on going
negotiation of its existence, which can be difficult. 2. VCD can be a chaotic and traumatic
condition to experience. 3. The mind has a key role to play in management.
Discussion VCD has the potential to significantly impact those living with it. Using IPA
to explore how individuals live with VCD we identified that the lack of knowledge about
it, combined with the dramatic nature of the attacks, can make it a difficult condition to
cope with and this can significantly impact on mental wellbeing. Our findings support the
potential for psychological interventions to positively impact on patient wellbeing and
symptom outcomes. There is some initial evidence to suggest CBT (Richards-Mauzé &
Banez, 2014) may have a role to play in alleviating feelings of stress and worry
associated with VCD. Further research is also needed on VCD phenotypes in order to
offer the most appropriate interventions.
Theme 3a: 'Issues related to Quality of Life' (3.45 to 4.45pm, Room
113)
13.Exploring a breast cancer bloggers’ lived experiences of the media’s
representations of breast cancer ‘survivorship’
Cathy Ure1, Sharon Coen1 & Jenna Condie1
The University of Salford, Manchester
1
Email: [email protected]
Background: Few
studies have specifically addressed how women living beyond
breast cancer use social media (Keim-Malpass et al., 2013) and how this use may
support psychosocial health. Given the number of breast cancer survivors in the UK is
anticipated to grow from 570,000 to 1.5 million by 2040 (Maddams et al. 2012) it is
important to understand how social media use might support psychosocial health post
treatment. Women negotiate breast cancer in a media rich world. Greater media
attention is given to breast cancer than to other cancers (Sulik, 2012; Quinn, 2013).
Some researchers argue that this attention constructs women as “healthy, active
people” who “won the war” (Grant & Hundley, 2009, p.10). Koczwara and Ward
(2014, in press) contend that it is a socially acceptable “positive, sanitised image” of
breast cancer ‘survivors’ which is commonly depicted in the media. This focus on
positive images of breast cancer ‘survivors’ by the media may restrict women’s
agency to express alternative experiences of ‘survivorship’. Noelle-Neumann (1974)
posits that when individuals feel their opinion differs from the perceived mainstream
view, the less willing they will be to express it publicly for fear of isolation (Griffin,
2008). This lack of, or limited expression of, an alternative view is argued to reinforce
the majority position, resulting in a spiraling effect or Spiral of Silence. If media
representations are constructed by bloggers as silencing their ‘realities’ of living beyond
cancer the implications for breast cancer ‘survivors’ psychosocial health needs to be
understood.
Aim: To explore how breast cancer bloggers position their lived experiences of the
media’s representations of ‘survivorship’.
Methods: Using a modified snowball approach, a purposive sample of women actively
blogging about their experiences of breast cancer, three years post diagnosis, was
identified. A discursive psychological approach was developed to identify the discursive
resources employed to portray the media’s representations of breast cancer ‘survivors’.
The blog corpus for this study is extracted from one US blog which had 51 blogposts
tagged with the term ‘survivorship’. On average 33 comments were made to each
blogpost.
Findings: Media representations of ‘survivorship’ are experienced as constructing a
cultural discourse of ‘how to do survivorship’. The analysis suggests this blogger’s
agency to express alternative experiences of survivorship was restricted. She remained
silent about expressing alternative experiences of ‘survivorship’ or challenging dominant
cultural scripts such as ‘cancer is a gift’ in certain social settings. Blogging enables
alternative experiences to be positioned and shared.
Discussion: Existing ‘survivorship’ discourses may disempower women from taking up
identity positions that best work for them. The media’s representations of ‘how to do
survivorship’ is positioned as failing to reflect the complexitities of the lived experiences
for women living beyond breast cancer. Blogging enables ‘survivors’ with opportunities to
be agentic; to position alternative experiences; to challenge prevailing media
representations and to negotiate their own identities post treatment. Exploring with
women living long term post breast cancer the psychosocial benefits they experience
from social media use may help inform longer term the development of supported selfmanagement interventions post treatment.
14.Young people’s experiences of living with liver disease
Shahreen Bashir1, PK Lowe1 & E Peel2
Aston University, Birmingham
1
University of Worcester. Worcester
2
Email: [email protected]
Background: In young people, liver disease includes a range of different conditions of
which some are congenital, others can have an onset during adolescence, and they can
vary as to the how visible they are. Previous research which has focused on paediatric
liver transplant recipients indicates there can be many barriers to leading a ‘normal’ life.
These include frequent hospital visits, lifestyle adjustments to incorporate medicine
taking and altered physical appearances following medical treatment/ intervention.
Currently, young people with liver disease are an under-researched population in the UK,
and very little is known about their experiences of living with liver disease.
Aim: This paper arises from a wider PhD research project funded by The Children’s Liver
Disease Foundation. This paper will draw upon the experiences of young people living
with liver disease in relation to their health beliefs and experiences of illness
embodiment.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 young people aged 14-25
living with different liver diseases. Participants were recruited through four NHS hospitals
and via online condition-specific arenas. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed
verbatim and analysed using thematic discourse analysis.
Findings: Preliminary findings suggest that young people’s experiences of their illness
are varied in relation to how they conceptualise their bodies, especially after the sudden
onset of this chronic illness. The main themes which were identified included: 1)
‘disruption to former identity’ (disruptive changes which occurred following
diagnosis/periods of illness); 2) ‘stigma’ (experiences of stigma from different sources
towards their illness/physical markers) and; 3) ‘illness management’ (the strategies
utilised to minimise disruption and manage difficult situations).
Discussion: For some young people being diagnosed with liver disease can result in
profound changes to their self-concept, and it is important to recognise the wider impact
of an illness on young people’s lives. The outcomes of this study may inform health
professionals and information services in providing tailored, age-appropriate support and
care.
15.Illness perceptions predict quality of life in patients with lupus
Catherine Burgess1 & Sarah Deen1
Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent
1
Email: [email protected]
Background: Previous research has identified that individuals with lupus experience
poorer quality of life (QoL) than the general population. Similarly, they experience more
negative illness perceptions. Additionally, a link between illness perceptions and QoL has
been noted in patient groups including renal disease and coronary artery disease, with
more negative illness perceptions being associated with poorer QoL.
Aim: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between illness perceptions and
QoL in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Potential confounding
variables, age, gender, co-morbidities and illness severity, were accounted for. Main
Hypothesis: more negative illness perceptions will be associated with poorer QoL.
Methods: The final analysis comprised 96 SLE patients, 96.7% of whom were female,
recruited via lupus charities, using advertisements on their websites and social media
sites. The Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (BIPQ) was used to measure illness
perceptions and the WHOQOL BREF and the LupusQoL were used to measure QoL. These
measures were self-administered by participants using a web-based questionnaire tool.
Due to the multiple domains of the WHOQOL BREF and LupusQoL, 12 hierarchical
multiple regression analyses were used to analyse the results.
Findings: BIPQ was the only significant predictor for all 12 outcome variables at stage
three of the hierarchical multiple regression analyses (HMR) (p < .01). Age significantly
predicted QoL at stage one of the HMR for planning on the LupusQoL. Illness severity
was a significant predictor of all outcome variables at stage two, excluding WHOQOL
BREF social relationships, but only remained significant at stage three for physical
WHOQOL BREF and pain LupusQoL. There were no effects of gender or co-morbidities.
Discussion: Illness perceptions significantly predicted QoL in patients with SLE. These
findings could have clinical relevance, as the modification of illness perceptions could
improve QoL for individuals with lupus. However, there were limitations to the study; for
example, due to the cross-sectional nature of the research, cause and effect cannot be
known with any certainty. Furthermore, the measures used were time consuming to
complete and could have been off-putting for some participants. Moreover, all
participants used were self-selected and may not, therefore, be representative of the
overall population of people with SLE in the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, the findings
are extremely promising and future research should investigate the impact of modifying
illness perceptions on QoL in this patient group.
Theme 3b: 'Applications of Health Psychology' (3.45 to 4.45pm, Room
116)
16.Developing a structured intervention for admissions in acute mentalhealth
Tina Fanneran1, Eleanor Bradley1 & David McNally1
South Staffordshire & Shropshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
1
Email: [email protected]
Background: Being admitted to a mental health inpatient ward can be a source of
distress for some service users. Many report experiencing poor communication, a lack of
therapeutic input and overemphasis on medication adherence. In addition some services
users express feeling confused about why they are being admitted to an acute mental
health ward. The development of shared understandings for the reasons and purpose of
admission to adult acute care has the potential to improve this experience for mental
health professionals and service users alike. A research project is currently underway
that aims to promote shared understandings between stakeholders with a view to
improving service-user and carer involvement with care planning at the point of
admission and discharge. This presentation will discuss the findings of the first phase of
this study. More specifically it will explore the conceptualisations derived from
qualitative interviews that can potentially be used to shape future admissions in adult
acute care.
Aim: To promote shared understandings amongst stakeholders with regard to
expectations and purpose of adult acute care.
Methods: This study adopted an overarching action research approach within a mixedmethod sequential study design. The first phase involved a qualitative exploration of
stakeholder perceptions and experiences of admission. Data collection and analysis were
governed by the principles of Grounded Theory (GT), such that initial interviews were
participant led, with semi-structured interview schedules developed during the on-going
analytic process. The analytic process adopted involved a period of open coding followed
by the development of categories. A subsequent period of theoretical coding was
undertaken during which interpretations of the interactions between categories were
conceptualised. This iterative process continued until the data was deemed saturated.
Findings: Dissonance between stakeholder perceptions is likely to negatively impact
the effectiveness of communication and the process of admission. Carer burden affects
the way in which inpatient services are received and experienced by the Carer. Serviceusers feel confused and disorientated when admitted to an acute mental health ward.
This affects how they process information given about the ward environment and what
will happen during their time on the ward. The varying states of paranoia that
accompany mental illness also impacts how they perceive the ward and ward staff.
Service-users and carers expressed an overwhelming sense that staff are under a lot of
pressure and have little time to spend explaining things properly. Some service-users
are afraid to speak out for fear of reprisal. In addition the directive manner in which
information is communicated to service-users in some cases enhanced a sense of fear
and feeling threatened.
Discussion: This study highlights the importance of aligning stakeholder perceptions
with regard to the reasons and purpose of admission and inpatient care. In particular it
demonstrates the need for better therapeutic engagement between staff, service-users
and carers. In order to improve service-user and carer satisfaction levels, the data will
be used to inform the development of a structured framework for the admission of
patients to acute care wards.
17.Beliefs, Behaviours and Practices: An Ethnographic Exploration of Two
Sunbed Tanning Salons
Jennifer Taylor1, Alexandra Lamont1 & Michael Murray1
Keele University, Keele
1
Email: [email protected]
Background: The risks associated with sunbed use have been, and continue to be
increasingly well publicised, and many people have been deterred as a consequence.
However, a significant minority continue to use them. In order to understand why this is
the case, it is important to get as close as possible to the experiences of sunbed users,
and develop an ‘insider perspective’ into the sunbed tanning culture. To date there has
been little qualitative research conducted with regards to this topic.
Aim: The aim of this ethnographic study was to obtain a rich, deep and holistic
understanding of the sunbed tanning culture. Through prolonged immersion into the day
to day running of sunbed tanning salons, the aim was to provide a detailed insight into
the behaviours and practices of sunbed users in the context of the “natural” environment
in which they typically use sunbeds. Theoretically informed by social representations
theory (Moscovici, 1961), this study explored how the social representation of sunbed
tanning as a negative, risky behaviour is evident at the behavioural, practice level of
sunbed users, and in the material environment of the actual salons themselves.
Methods: Observational, ethnographic fieldwork was conducted within two sunbed
salons, with one salon being a combined sunbed and beauty salon. Extensive field notes
were made through observations, and talking to staff and clients. Visits to the salons
were made over a five month period until the point of data saturation. The data was
analysed thematically.
Findings: Findings revealed a culture whereby sunbed-specific behaviours, practices,
and even language use emerged. The social representation of sunbed tanning as a
negative, risky behaviour appeared to have been internalised by the sunbed users,
evidenced by their defensive behaviours and practices. Male sunbed users appeared to
be particularly defensive and embarrassed. The negativity also appeared to have been
internalised at the physical material level of the salons, for example one of the salons
had a very plain exterior and interior appearance that lacked visibility. At the same
time, there was evidence of attempts to try and resist the negativity at both the
conscious and implicit subconscious level, particularly in the combined sunbed and
beauty salon. For example in contrast to the other salon, the physical appearance was
visibly very bright and colourful. Findings indicated that these differences could be
attributed to beauty being considered to be the more accepted side of the industry,
which was subsequently able to mask and help curb some of the negativity.
Discussion: Findings have implications for campaigns and interventions aimed at
reducing sunbed use. In order for campaigns to be successful, the defensiveness of the
sunbed users’ needs to be considered. Findings indicate that such defensiveness may be
deeply embedded within the sunbed tanning culture, thus may be particularly difficult to
modify and change. Findings also suggest that campaigns need to be aware of attempts
to resist negativity, which may also be deeply embedded, especially within salons that
also associate themselves with the beauty industry.
18.Preferences for and facilitators and barriers to physical activity in people
with vision loss: A focus group study
Amy Burton1, Louise Clancy1 & Lisa Cowap1
Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent
1
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Background: It is common for older adults, particularly those with vision impairment to
be less active and fail to meet recommended guidelines for physical activity. As such,
enhancing our understanding of their experiences can be beneficial when developing the
most effective interventions to support increased engagement in physical activity.
Aim: This study aimed to explore the facilitators and barriers that visually impaired older
adults face when engaging in physical activity.
Methods: Thirteen visually impaired participants, recruited through local community
groups within North Staffordshire took part in three focus groups; each including four to
five participants and lasting between 18 and 55 minutes. Participant ages ranged from 73
to 94 years (mean = 83, SD = 6.72), with roughly equal numbers of males and females.
The majority stated macular degeneration to be the cause of their vision impairment and
that their level of vision was either poor or very poor. Data was transcribed and subjected
to Thematic Analysis independently by two authors. The final themes and model were
confirmed and corroborated by all authors.
Findings: The explanatory model includes three distinct levels of facilitators and barriers
contributing to older people with vision loss’ engagement in physical activity. Central to
the model is the individuals’ personal attitude, which was found to be both a facilitator and
a barrier towards engaging in physical activity; this was widely influenced by the losses
incurred (physically and to participants’ autonomy) as a result of vision loss. In particular,
the social norms of participating in physical activity and participant’s self-directed
stereotypes about old age created a barrier; while being self-motivated and positive
towards physical activity tended to facilitate engagement. The more highly active
participants talked of regularity and routine in maintaining physical activity levels. The
second level in the model describes how physical activity opportunities can be a
considerable facilitator towards engagement. This includes access to and availability of
clubs and classes and the social support to enhance feelings of capability to participate.
The outer level of the model relates to the wider physical and social environment. Barriers
and facilitators within this level of the model included the impact of geographic locations,
transport availability, environmental vulnerability, the dark and weather conditions. Lack
of social awareness and understanding of vision loss was a common barrier which for some
further compounded feelings of inadequacies in physical activity.
Discussion: The findings echo those of previous qualitative studies that highlight the role
of opportunity and environmental factors as potential barriers towards engagement in
physical activity for older people with vision impairment. These findings also extend prior
knowledge through the discovery of personal attitude as both a facilitator and barrier
towards being physically active in this population. It is suggested that interventions aiming
to increase the levels of physical activity in older people with vision impairment should be
targeted at each level of the model. Individual interventions should focus specifically on
personal attitude towards being physically active; community level interventions should
enhance awareness and opportunities for engagement; and policy level interventions
should address the modifiable environmental factors.
Abstracts: Poster presentations
Poster Session One (11.45am to 12.30pm, Conservatory)
1. “I’ll cross the bridge when I come to it”: Barriers to Adapting a Healthy
Lifestyle for Individuals at Risk of Developing Diabetes
Muzamal Rehman1
1
Research and Development Centre, Kingsway Hospital, Derby
Email: [email protected]
Background: Diabetes is a chronic condition which can result in severe negative effects
on health; these include impaired vision, stroke, kidney damage and increased risk of
heart disease (World Health Organisation, 2012). Research has suggested that diabetes
has major financial costs such that in 2010, 10% of the NHS budget was spent on
diabetes related care (diabetes.co.uk, 2013).
Aims: To explore the lifestyle of a young non-diabetic, high risk population. To gain an
insight into their perceived barriers and facilitators of leading a healthy lifestyle which
impacts on their likelihood of developing diabetes.
Method: Face to face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 individuals of
South Asian and African-Caribbean origin aged 18-25 with a family history of diabetes
and a high blood pressure. Using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) guide, transcribed
interviews were thematically analysed.
Results: Eight themes were identified which were further divided into 3 superordinate
themes; Perceived lack of control (parental influence and helplessness), Lack of
awareness (unrealistic optimism, low perceived seriousness and nonvisible symptoms of
diabetes) and Busy working life (lack of motivation, work/life balance and conflicting
desires). It was found that participants were willing to adapt a healthy lifestyle; however
the underlying barriers above prevented them from this.
Discussion: The findings of this study support previous research. It has been suggested
that future research focuses on lifestyle interventions whilst targeting and eliminating
the barriers found in this study. Furthermore, future research should aim to implement
lifestyle interventions for a diabetic individual’s family, rather than solely the diabetic
individual.
2. Virtual Field Trips as physically active lessons for children: Preliminary
work
Emma Norris1, Nicola Shelton1, Sandra Dunsmuir1, Oliver Duke-Williams1 &
Emmanouil Stamatakis2
1
University College London (UCL), London
2
The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Email: [email protected]
Background: 1/3 children in UK are currently overweight or obese. Children also spend
around 7 hours a day in sedentary time, mostly in obligatory seated lessons. There is
strong neurological evidence for an association between physical activity and cognition.
Physically active lessons combine learning and activity in the classroom to reduce
sedentary time. We are developing and trialling Virtual Field Trips (VFTs) as a new form
of physically active lesson. These use classroom interactive whiteboards to explore
virtual scenes, with students completing movements to interact and learn about these
environments.
Aim:
•
•
•
Assess the feasibility of Virtual Field Trips in UK primary school classrooms
Assess if Virtual Field Trips can reduce sedentary behaviour in children, without
being detrimental to learning outcomes
Assess if Virtual Field Trips can improve children’s wellbeing
Methods: This poster will present a pilot study testing the feasibility of VFTs and
comparing the effects of a sedentary and active version. Qualitative work assessing the
perceived effects and limitations in teacher interviews and child focus groups will also be
discussed. Plans for a longitudinal cluster-randomised controlled trial will finally be
shown.
Findings: In our pilot study, active VFTs produced significantly less sedentary time and
more activity compared to a sedentary version. There was also no difference in recall
from either session: suggesting that active VFTs may reduce inactive time without being
detrimental to learning outcomes. Qualitative work outlined an increasing interest in
physically active teaching, with some practical concerns over the reliability of school
technology.
Discussion: Feasibility work to date has indicated that Virtual Field Trips may reduce
sedentary behaviour in children and be a viable addition to teaching repertoires. Future
work will also a wider range of potential outcomes longitudinally, including wellbeing and
student engagement, to give a clearer picture of their promise in primary education.
3. “At some point, something is going to break”: Discovering the
experiences of adults with congenital heart disease
Elaine Walklet1 & Heather Still1
1
University of Worcester, Worcester
Email: [email protected]
Background: Research into the psychology of CHD using qualitative methodology has
been slim. Unearthing experiences of this condition has been focused on children,
adolescents and their parents. Literature that does study adults with CHD has found
similar results. QOL studies on those with CHD have been used of a larger scale but do
not tend to measure patient experiences.
Aim: To understand the experiences of adults who are currently living with congenital
heart disease.
Methods: Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted on 7 participants
recruited by The Somerville Foundation, a charity for adults with congenital heart
disease. The questions went over how their condition has shaped their experiences, how
others interpret them and how they view themselves in relation to people who do not
have this condition. Interviews have been transcribed verbatim and analysed using
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.
Findings: The study found that having a diagnosis of a heart condition was pivotal in
how others treated the participants, shaping their self-perception and creating a conflict
of identity between feeling normal and different. The relationship between the
participants and coping was reluctant and resulted in a vulnerability to develop mental
health problems.
Discussion: The experiences of adults with CHD are lived through but not restricted to
the body (Moola, Fusco & Kirsh, 2011). The analyses provides an insight into the lives of
those with CHD, and how the perceptions of others within the participant’s lives can
influence their experiences by moulding how they view and construct themselves as a
person - usually resulting in a confliction of being normal and different. Their coping
processes were strong, shaping and developing their personality positively and
negatively. Although for the majority of the time, their relationship with their coping
seemed like a forced commitment, which wore thin after surviving unexpected and major
illness, resulting in mental exhaustion brought on by continuous resilience. Although if
positive social support was provided, wellbeing was preserved.
4. Adherence to vitamin supplementation following Roux-en-Y bariatric
surgery: predictive factors of locus of control and self-efficacy
Julie O'Connor1 & Vicky Staples1
1
The University of Derby, Derby
Email: [email protected]
Background: Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery is increasingly being used as an intervention
to combat obesity, and as a method to thereby reduce the potential for associated health
risks such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders and cancers,
including colon, endometrial and breast cancer (World Health Organization, 2014).
Whilst bariatric surgery is considered to be a last resort intervention for weight loss the
NHS reported that 5,407 procedures were performed in the U.K. during 2011/2012,
compared to 858 during the period 2006/2007, showing a significant increase in the use
of this surgical procedure. Whilst there are a number of differing surgical procedures,
Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery is considered to be the most life changing, being both
restrictive and malabsorptive, through changes to gastrointestinal physiology and
anatomy. This malabsorption of food, however, has a negative effect on the absorption
of essential micronutrients, requiring patients to adhere to a strict regime of vitamin
supplementation throughout their lifetime (Levinson et al., 2013). Clinical outcomes for
gastric bypass surgery were studied by Welch et al. (2009). Whilst their study focused
on expected weight loss an important element of their results was adherence to
prescribed daily vitamin and mineral supplementation. Of the 75 patients in the follow up
study (100 at baseline), adherence to vitamin supplements was only 57.6% at the 2 - 3
year mark (range 2.1 to 3.2 years).
Aim: To examine whether there is a change in confidence for adherence to vitamin
supplementation from one month post-surgery, to minimum 12 months post-surgery, in
a population sample of Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery patients.
Methods: A within-participants, quantitative questionnaire survey design, recording 70
participants’ current views and beliefs in terms of self-efficacy and locus of control,
together with current (time 2) and retrospective recall (time 1; one month post-surgery)
of vitamin adherence was utilised. A multidimensional health locus of control, specific
self-efficacy, general self-efficacy and current health status were used as variables.
Locus of Control and Specific Self-Efficacy were measured as potential moderators of
adherence. Changes in adherence to vitamins between time 1 and time 2 was tested
using McNemar's Test of Change. Direct logistic regression was performed to assess the
impact of locus of control on the likelihood that participants would adhere to vitamin
intake. The relationship between general self-efficacy and specific self-efficacy, at time 1
and time 2 was examined.
Findings: A statistically non-significant result in adherence over time was found
(p=.30). The strongest predictor for adherence was powerful others health locus of
control, reporting an odds ratio of 1.11. Internal health locus of control was marginally
less strong as a predictor (1.09). Self-efficacy was found to correlate to greater
adherence to vitamin supplementation at time 2 (r=.27, n=70, p=.00).
Discussion: The findings demonstrate the importance of locus of control and higher
levels of self-efficacy in RYGB patients' ability to adhere to vitamin supplementation and
therefore this study hopes to inform practitioner consideration when assessing suitability
for surgery and post-surgical support requirements.
5. Developing the MSQoL-C: A quality of life measure for informal carers of
people with Multiple Sclerosis
Gogem Topcu1, Heather Buchanan1 & Aimee Aubeeluck1
1
The University of Nottingham, Nottingham
Email: [email protected]
Background: Current literature shows that overall quality of life (QoL) is low among
informal carers of individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, there is a lack of
adequate conceptualisation and operationalisation of QoL, and there are no adequate
scales available to measure MS carers’ QoL.
Aim: The aim of this research is to systematically investigate the factors that may
enhance and compromise the health and well-being of MS carers by utilising the
theoretical construct of QoL. In so doing, the research seeks to develop and validate a
disease-specific QoL measure for MS informal carers.
Methods: A sequential mixed method approach has been utilised to explore QoL among
MS carers and to inform the development of MS carer QoL scale. A meta-synthesis of
qualitative studies exploring the caregiving experiences of MS informal carers was
conducted to identify factors that may affect the health and well-being of MS carers. A
photovoice study is currently being conducted to explore the QoL of MS carers and the
positive and negative factors that have an impact on QoL. In addition, there will be a
further exploratory interview study to identify factors perceived by MS informal carers as
relevant to their QoL. MS-specific carer QoL scale will then be developed according to the
findings of these studies and a final survey study will be conducted to test the
psychometric qualities of this newly-developed scale.
Findings: The synthesis resulted in 9 inter-linking themes: Changes and losses;
challenges revolving around MS and patient issues; caregiving demands; burden of care;
future concerns; external stressors; experiences of support; strategies used in managing
the caregiving role; motivating factors for caring. Our synthesis has gone some way to
develop a preliminary list of operationalisations of QoL that will be further developed
with our photovoice and interview studies. The findings of these three studies will be
used to develop the MS carer QoL scale which will be validated with a final survey study.
Discussion: It is hoped that this scale will be helpful in providing an understanding of
the factors that impact upon MS carers’ QoL, and will be useful to implement and
evaluate therapeutic interventions.
6. The role of emotions, coping styles and stress in binge and emotional
eating among female university students
Okechukwu Okoye & Omorogieva Ojo1
1
The University of Greenwich, London
Email: [email protected]
Background: Binge eating is characterised by a sense of loss of control over eating that
usually lasts up to two hours where an individual is likely to consume larger amounts of
food (Gordon, 2008, American Psychiatric Association, APA: 2000). Past research suggests
that there is a link between stress, emotion, coping styles and eating behaviours (Md Yasin
& Dzulkifli, 2011; Andrews & Wilding, 2004). Considering the fact that binge and emotional
eating correlate strongly with psychological factors (Byrd-Bredbenner et al., 2012;
Greaney et al., 2009; Nelson, Kocos, Lytl, & Perry, 2009; Vella-Zarb & Elgar, 2009;
Bittinger & Smith, 2003), it will be useful to evaluate further the factors responsible for
binge and emotional eating in non-clinically diagnosed student populations.
Aim: The present study aimed at investigating the relationships between binge and
emotional eating, coping styles, negative and positive affect and perceived stress among
female university students.
Methods: Female students (N=100) from the University of Bedfordshire volunteered to
take part by completing a set of questionnaires measuring: a) negative and positive affect;
b) binge and emotional eating; c) perceived and undergraduate stress and d) coping
styles. A correlational design including stepwise multiple regressions was employed to test
the relationships between the above variables.
Results: Findings revealed significant correlations between certain coping styles, negative
and positive affect, binge and emotional eating. The strongest correlations were found
between emotional eating aroused by anxiety and emotional coping (r=.35, p<.001),
binge eating and negative affect (r=.33, p<.001) and emotional eating aroused by
anger/frustration and hostility (negative affect) (r=.46, p<.001). No indication of binge
eating was found in the current sample but low occurrences of emotional eating aroused
by different psychological states (i.e. anger/frustration, anxiety, and depression) were
observed. Low levels of stress were also observed. With regard to the best predictors of
emotional and binge eating, low levels of negative affect and avoidance coping styles
significantly predicted the non-occurrence of binge eating, R²=.11, F (2, 98) = 6.28,
p<.01. With regard to emotional eating, the best predictors of the low occurrence of
emotional eating aroused by anger/frustration were the low levels of hostility (negative
affect) and the relatively higher levels of rational coping and detached coping which
altogether explained 31% of the variance in emotional eating (anger/frustration), R²=.31,
F (3, 98) =14.71, p<.01.
Discussion and Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that low levels of
negative affect and higher levels of adaptive coping styles are associated with the absence
of binge eating and the low occurrence of emotional eating. The results of this study also
demonstrate the need to explore further these associations by building on existing
knowledge of the underlying mechanisms involved in binge and emotional eating. It is
clear that more research is needed to better understand how emotions may mediate or
moderate the existing relationship between specific eating behaviours and negative
psychological constructs. However, the findings of the present study offer additional
insight into the relationships between negative emotions, coping styles and emotional and
binge eating by confirming that the opposite is also true; that is low levels of negative
affect and higher levels of adaptive coping styles are responsible for the absence of binge
eating and the low occurrence of emotional eating.
7. ‘I love my roundy body’: Lived experiences of healthy, non-dieting women
who live outside the medically determined ideal weight range
Fiona Holland1 & Karin Peterson2
1
The University of Derby, Derby
2
University of North Carolina-Asheville, USA
Email: [email protected]
Background: Despite the popular discourse around the ‘obesity epidemic’ and the many
cited health benefits of losing weight, the majority of individuals are unable to maintain
weight loss over time and do not reap the proposed health benefits that weight loss is
claimed to be associated with. A number of obesity paradoxes exist that suggest for
example that overweight or moderately obese people live at least as long if not longer
than people of normal weight, and that dieting may make matters worse as people who
chronically lose and regain weight increase their risk for heart disease, hypertension and
diabetes. Shaming people with higher BMIs has been shown to increase body
dissatisfaction and this can lead to unhealthy lifestyle choices. Qualitative research that
is not focussed on weight loss experiences with people over the medically determined
BMI range has been rare. More recently scholars in fat studies, critical psychology and
sociology have explored many of the long-held beliefs about fatness, health and weight.
Body acceptance is an emergent research area and non-weight based approaches to
healthy lifestyle promotion are developing.
Aim: The study aimed to act previous scholars’ recommendations to focus on positive
adaptive or healthy body image to further understanding of this in the field of health
psychology, and explored how women who live in ‘larger’ bodies found ways to live
healthy lifestyles and find body acceptance.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four women aged 40-55 who
were self-reportedly overweight or obese on the BMI charts. They had no metabolic
disease, had self-described positive body image, were active and were not dieting.
Interviews explored their experiences from childhood to mid-life, around food, body,
health and weight, and discussed their paths to health, well-being and non-dieting.
Transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).
Findings: Influenced by feminism and positive female role models, respondents found
ways to insulate themselves from battling with their bodies as they reinterpreted family
and peer pressure to be thinner particularly as they reached adulthood. They articulated
the benefits of movement and healthful eating and practiced these behaviours without
weight loss as a goal. The interviews reveal women who have increased self-esteem,
take good care of their bodies and are resilient to media messages that often lead to
body dissatisfaction. A process of maintaining and questioning norms was evident and a
model was developed from this.
Discussion: Implications from the study suggest that health providers could work more
positively with “overweight” populations. Weight bias and stigma was clear from the
women’s experiences in many settings, which supports previous literature in this area.
However, the women’s strategies for negotiating and reframing their negative
experiences to find a sense of healthfulness that resisted self-hatred and inadequacy
gives us insight into their lived experience and suggests that a ‘health at every size’
model may warrant further study.
8. Mothers’ experiences of feverish illness in their young children: a
qualitative pilot study
Sarah Catchpole1 & Fiona Holland1
1
The University of Derby, Derby
Email: [email protected]
Background: Fever is common in children under 5 years. It is typically a benign
symptom but one that causes intense concern for parents. Fears and misconceptions
about fever include perceived associations with febrile seizures, meningitis, brain
damage and even death. Parents are ill informed about what temperature constitutes a
fever and actively seek to bring down even mild fevers, often using anti-pyretics (e.g.
Calpol) incorrectly. Most research on parental fever management has been quantitative
and has surveyed parents presenting their febrile children at healthcare services rather
than those of otherwise healthy children in the community. More qualitative research is
therefore needed to further our understanding of how parents manage fever at home.
Aim: To conduct a pilot qualitative study exploring the experiences of a group of
university educated mothers in the UK when caring for their young children with feverish
illness.
Methods: The study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach, by
encouraging mothers to reflect on their ‘lived’ experiences of fever. The focus group
discussion comprised 6 mothers who had formed a friendship after attending antenatal
classes together 5 years earlier. Discussion was prompted using 9 semi-structured
questions and was transcribed verbatim. The transcript was then analysed thematically.
Findings: Sub-themes in the data were grouped into three overall themes: Beliefs about
fever and strategies to treat it; fever as a source of anxiety; and attitudes towards helpseeking. Low-grade fever was viewed as a natural and healthy process, but at a
threshold of 38–39°C mothers experienced a strong urge to control the fever to protect
their child from perceived harm. Maternal anxiety was highest and fevers were treated
more aggressively in preverbal children, particularly babies. Mothers reported receiving
conflicting advice from healthcare professionals and instead preferred to rely on their
own strategies, learned over time, to care for their child; these included closely
monitoring symptoms and administering anti-pyretics and fluids. Help-seeking was only
triggered when usual strategies failed to resolve the illness and mothers felt out of
control. However, some mothers expressed reluctance to seek help unless they could
speak to a known and trusted professional.
Discussion: The mothers had a good rational understanding of why fever occurs, but a
rising fever prompted an emotional response as the mothers began to view the fever
itself, rather than its underlying cause, as a threat. Mothers perceive a lack of reliable
information to help them manage fever at home. The reassurance gained from contact
with a trusted professional showed the importance of the healthcare professional–patient
relationship in managing parental anxiety and also a clear need for more accurate,
consistent information to increase parents’ confidence. Mothers worry most about fever
when their children are babies, suggesting that fever education is needed prenatally or
at early postnatal stages to ease anxiety and reduce over-reliance on anti-pyretics. It
would be valuable to replicate this study in a larger sample, but preliminary
recommendations indicate that fever education is needed for parents, particularly
mothers, and for the healthcare professionals to whom they turn for support.
9. You think you are superman! How masculine ideals impact health related
behaviour: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Shirley Black Califano1 & Fiona Holland1
1
The University of Derby, Derby
Email: [email protected]
Background: Previous research has proposed that the adoption of negative health
behaviours to sustain hegemonic masculine ideals could be the most significant
contributor to men experiencing poorer health outcomes than women. Previous
researchers have proposed that culturally learned behaviours and stoic attitudes
continue to be demonstrated by today’s man, e.g. not showing pain, weakness or lack of
stamina. Masculine ideals of being strong, invulnerable and resilient have been found to
impede health-promoting behaviour such as expressing emotion, following a healthy diet
and regularly visiting the doctor. Research to date has focused on quantifying gender
differences and generalizing male characteristics rather than exploring men’s
experiences of masculinity and health related behaviour and have yet been unable to
reveal any clear link between hegemonic masculinity and health behaviour to a point
where theories can be developed.
Aim: To further investigate the related links between how men reason health behaviour
with their masculine needs through analysing their experiences over time and how this
may affect their health related behaviour.
Methods: This study used semi-structured interviews with four men aged 32,55,63 and
70 to explore their experiences of masculinity and health related behaviour. The decision
to analyse the data using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis to gain insight into
how the interviewees described their experiences. Qualitative research suggests that
masculine and non-masculine behaviours are fueled by different social values which
impact masculine identity.
Results: Two themes were identified, variations in masculine ideals and health related
behaviour and masculine ideals and health related behaviour. The first theme related to
group differences as to how the men made sense of their masculinity and health related
behaviour. Exploring their personal circumstances showed how they processed their
health behaviour tin relation to their own masculine ideals. The second theme
highlighted that age and life events caused men to re-evaluate their masculine ideals
and adjust their health related behaviour to comply with any ‘new’ socially constructed
masculine identity.
Conclusion: The depth of analysis achieved through qualitative methods showed that
men are a diverse group and that the concept of masculinity is not a fixed one. The
participants each made sense of how they reinforce their masculine ideals through
associated health behaviour, which is socially linked to masculinity. This indicates that
the processes influencing their ideals and behaviour are not generalizable male
characteristics but are behaviours that are motivated by personal experiences and
contexts. Although expressed in different ways, masculine ideals were similar and
experiences of traditional masculinity were present and discussed as being socially
constructed. This was shown however to be something that could be changed over time
and life events could change in health related behaviour. Women played a positive role
in overriding the men’s negative health related behaviour and is a factor that warrants
further exploration. Further research to better understand the underpinnings of the
meaning of being a man and the influence this has on health related behaviour is
recommended to help with health promotion interventions that are sensitive to gender,
age, cultural and personal circumstances.
10.Psychological Intervention in Adults with Long Term Pain: Six Month
Outcomes for a Pain Management Programme
Anisha Vyas1, Cressida Darwin1, Catherine Campbell1, Kirsty Eaves1, Paul
Morrison1 & Patrick Hill1
1
Pain Management Service, Solihull Hospital, Solihull
Email: [email protected]
Background: Cognitive-Behavioural Pain Management Programmes (PMPs) are the
British Pain Society's recommended intervention for enabling the self-management of
chronic pain and are delivered by many NHS services. However recent meta-analysis has
shown that only some benefits were maintained six months following PMPs.
Aim: The aim of this research was to examine Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust’s
(HoEFT) Pain Management Service PMP outcome data, to explore whether the data is
consistent with the recent meta-analysis of PMPs.
Methods: Questionnaires were completed by 144 participants prior to starting the PMP
and at six months follow up. Participants completed Hospital Anxiety and Depression
Score (HADS), Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire (PESQ), Pain Coping Strategies (PCS),
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and the Roland Morris Questionnaire (Measure of
Disability). Participants also completed feedback forms following the PMP. The data was
analysed using t-tests to compare differences between starting the PMP and at six
months follow up. Data collated from September 2007 to May 2013 was analysed.
Findings: The findings show only two significant positive changes between pre and post
scores. These were increased coping self-statements and decreased fear of movement.
The data indicates non-significance, but increased levels of disability and decreases in
ability to ignore pain, but also significant decreases in behavioural activism, and
increases in negative strategies such as catastrophizing and praying/hoping. There were
no significant changes in psychological distress, self-efficacy, diverting from pain and reinterpreting pain. Participant feedback immediately after the PMP described positive
effects from having attended a PMP, but many differences in key indicators were not
apparent at six months follow-up.
Discussion: The measures used may not be good indicators of the true impact of the
PMP on people’s quality of life and more detailed exploration of the overall effect on the
participants would be helpful. This evaluation suggests that HoEFT’s PMPs have some
benefit in supporting self-management of long-term pain. This evaluation sits alongside
other published data in this area and supports the need for further research into the
challenge of maintaining long term effective self-management of chronic pain. As
evidence is limited, further investigation into the long-term clinical effectiveness of PMPs
is needed to gain a better understanding of the overall impact of the intervention on this
chronic condition.
11.Women's Experiences of Pelvic Pain
Lucy Singer1, Helen Poole1, Natalie Lane1 & Rajiv Chawla1
1
Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool
Email: [email protected]
Background: Pelvic pain is one of the most common problems affecting women of
reproductive age (Gokyıldız and Nezihe Kızılkaya Beji, 2012). It has been found to affect
women’s daily activities and quality of life as well as causing negative effects on mental,
physical and sexual functions (Zondervan et al, 1999).
Aim/Method: The present study opted for a qualitative approach in order to obtain a
deeper understanding of four women’s experience of pelvic pain as well as the effect it
had on their lives. Women were interviewed following their participation in a Pelvic Pain
Management Programme and therefore the semi-structured interviews aimed to gain an
insight into women’s perception of the services offered for patients with pelvic pain.
Results: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse the transcribed
interviews. Five themes emerged from the analysis with the central theme detailing how
pelvic pain became a lifestyle for women and also draws on the compromises on
physical, psychological and social well-being. This was influenced by a number of factors,
which comprise the other four themes; Diagnostic Labels, Control and Power, Role of
Others and Pelvic Pain Management Programme (PPMP) as life changing.
Discussion: Women in this study benefited greatly from reduced anxiety and
uncertainty following an eventual diagnosis of Chronic Pelvic Pain, and that they cope
better with pelvic pain if they meet other women suffering with similar problems [in a
pain management setting]. It was apparent from their narratives that there is a lack of
knowledge and/or awareness within primary care setting to deal appropriately with
women reporting pelvic pain.
Conclusion: Given that approximately 73% of women suffer with pelvic pain in their
lifetime (Mann, Shuster & Moawad, 2013) findings highlight the need for additional
education and training to equip health care professionals with the skills to assess, treat
and support the management of pelvic pain.
Poster Session Two (3pm to 3.45pm, Conservatory)
1. Using a face-to-face Delphi method to reach stakeholder consensus
regarding the development of a of health care intervention
David McNally1 & Tina Fanneran1
1
South Staffordshire and Shropshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
Email: [email protected]
Background: The process of being admitted to an acute mental health inpatient ward
has been highlighted as particularly distressing for some service users. A project is
currently underway that aims to develop a structured intervention for acute mental
health admissions at the Redwoods Centre, Shrewsbury. In order to improve the existing
procedure, it is essential that shared understandings regarding the reasons and purpose
for admission to adult acute care are developed. During the first phase of this study
interviews were carried out with staff, service users and carers to explore their
experiences of admission. A number of themes were derived from the interview data,
some of which provide useful information about how to better utilise key-nurse one-toone time. Due to the large number of themes drawn from phase 1 interview data we
intend to further consult with stakeholders to reach a consensus regarding the
development of a structured intervention for admission in adult acute care.
Aims:
•
•
To develop a structured framework for admitting patients to acute mental health
inpatient wards
To enhance service-user and carer experience and satisfaction levels
•
To promote shared understandings between stakeholders with regard to
expectations and purpose of adult acute care
Methods: A Delphi study aims to bring key stakeholders together (service-users, staff
and carers) and allow them to rate themes by breaking them down into statements that
are ranked according to importance. Delphi participants are provided with summary
feedback regarding what is considered most important according to the group. They are
then asked to rank the statements for a second time to culminate in a final consensus
score. This face-to-face Delphi study will help the research team develop a structured
framework for admitting patients to acute inpatient wards.
Expected Outcomes and Benefits:
•
•
•
•
To maintain a focus on factors deemed most important according to participants
from phase 1 interview data.
To highlight the most important aspects of inpatient care and align stakeholder
perceptions regarding the reasons and purpose of admission
To reach a consensus opinion regarding the implementation of a newly developed
standard for key-nurse one-to-one sessions
To determine the utility of a face-to-face Delphi method within a healthcare
context
2. “Lost in a different shell”: Exploring Accounts of Identity in Adults with
Acquired Brain Injury
Benjamin Lond1 & Iain Williamson1
1
De Montfort University, Leicester
Email: [email protected]
Background: ‘Acquired brain injury’ affects thousands of individuals across the United
Kingdom, the ramifications of which extend beyond the brain injured person to include
their respective family, friends and health care institutions. The consequences of brain
injury are diverse and extend from short-term transient symptoms to profound,
irreversible, long-term illness and impairment. In the case of chronic brain damage a
secondary symptom concerns the development of a crisis in identity brought about by
individuals as experiencing a post-injured self at odds with their pre-injured self. Prior
research has suggested that robust identity resolution after injury significantly facilitates
individual’s rehabilitative prospects. However, there continues to be a dearth of research
explicitly examining these processes.
Aim: The present study sought to explore identity reformation and experiences of
individuals with acquired brain injury in hopes of better understanding the underlying
psychological distress brain injury can have for an individual’s sense of personhood
Methods: Six individuals (five men and one woman) between the ages of twenty-six
and sixty with acquired brain injury were recruited via a branch of ‘Headway’; each took
part in a semi-structured interview. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was
applied to the data
Findings: Three themes of particular salience to identity are presented: ‘the long
journey: relearning myself’, ‘brain injury as socially ostracising’ and ‘the perceived
benefit of peers in aiding recovery’. Analysis highlights individuals as experiencing brain
injury as a form of estrangement both on an intrapersonal and interpersonal level.
Individuals discuss experiencing an alienated sense of self that contests their pre-injured
identities, whilst also encountering the interpersonal obstacles of perceived inability to
engage with mainstream society due to stigma and negative identity labels. Further
analysis also highlights the proactive role individual’s take in adapting to and confronting
their circumstances. Of particular note participants discuss their post injury lives as an
ongoing process of recovery toward ‘normality’. In this regard participants suggest social
resources as augmenting both their recovery as well as their quality of life post injury.
These themes are discussed within the theoretical structures of ‘narrative identity’ and
‘social identity’.
Discussion: Methodological issues concerning the challenges of qualitative research in
the field of acquired brain injury are discussed, as are recommendations for addressing
the area in respects to further research. Finally, proposals for future research geared at
piloting and evaluating a novel integrative community scheme for brain injured persons
to help promote an on-going social network are made. This scheme is discussed both in
light of the observations made in the present study and wider research, with
consideration to its ethos, rationale and practicalities.
3. Adding personality to the Theory of Planned Behaviour in relation to
cervical screening
Rebecca Rushton1 & Sarah Dean1
1
Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent
Email: [email protected]
Background: Cervical screening attendance is important as it is estimated to save many
lives and can help to prevent cases of cervical cancer. However, not all women who are
invited to screenings attend and the number of women who do attend has been falling.
Models of health behaviour can be used to predict who will and will not attend, one of
which is the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Research has found that this model can
predict cervical screening attendance, but only to a certain extent. It has been argued
that the model does not consider all variables which may influence health behaviours.
Certain personality traits have been associated with health, for instance neuroticism with
poorer health, and conscientiousness with superior health. By adding personality to the
Theory of Planned Behaviour it has been found to increase the amount of variance
explained by the model for health behaviours such as healthy eating, physical exercise
and drug and alcohol use in adolescents. However, no research has investigated adding
personality to the Theory of Planned Behaviour in regards to cervical screening
attendance.
Aim: To investigate if adding personality to the Theory of Planned Behaviour can
increase the predictive validity of the model when predicting the intention to attend
cervical screenings.
Methods: An online study will be conducted using Qualtrics. A total of 60 participants
will be required for this study and will be recruited through Staffordshire University and
social media. The study will include the Big Five Inventory to measure personality and a
scale based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour to measure attitudes and intentions
towards cervical screening.
Findings: Work is in progress. After data collection, a hierarchical regression will be
used to analyse the data allowing personality and Theory of Planned Behaviour variables
to be added consecutively into the analysis to investigate the amount of variance
accountable for by each variable on intentions to attend cervical screening.
Discussion: A potential result of this study is that personality could be found to account
for some of the variance that the Theory of Planned Behaviour does not account for and
therefore could increase the predictive validity of the model as a whole. A possible
future implication is that interventions based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour could
be improved by taking an individual’s personality in to account.
4. Development of an innovative web-based intervention to increase fruit
and vegetable consumption in primary school aged children
Lisa Cowap1, Rachel Povey1 & David Clark-Carter1
1
Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent
Email: [email protected]
Background: Obesity is a considerable threat to public health and one method to tackle
its increasing prevalence is to target the development of healthy eating behaviours during
childhood. However this is not always easy; despite having knowledge of the health
benefits of consuming fruit and vegetables, children regularly do not consume the
recommended amounts. To address this, there is increasing evidence for the effectiveness
of interventions using implementation intentions to encourage fruit and vegetable
consumption in adults and adolescents, however this is yet to be examined in primary
school aged children.
Aim: This research aims to explore and reflect upon the process of developing a webbased, implementation intention intervention for primary school aged children to increase
their fruit and vegetable consumption.
Methods: The intervention is being developed using open source software called
‘LifeGuide’, which comprises a set of software tools to enable the development of
interactive web-based interventions for researchers with no prior software programming
knowledge. The website produced for this research allows children (with parental
assistance) to sign up from a referral link and then log in to view information about the
research, complete consent procedures and study measures, and then engage with
intervention content. The intervention asks children to choose one of three pre-written
implementation intention plans to either increase their fruit and vegetable consumption or
homework productivity over a two week period.
Findings: Main findings will explore and reflect upon the intervention development
process from start to finish from a researcher’s perspective. The findings will also include
reflections and first impressions of the web-based intervention from potential participants
in the target population; this includes parents/caregivers, children and teachers.
Discussion: The development of web-based interventions to facilitate behaviour change
is a time consuming process and its difficulty should not be underestimated. However
using the ‘LifeGuide’ software in conjunction with the comprehensive support guides
makes this process very accessible to those wishing to develop a web-based intervention
to facilitate behaviour change in many different populations. Reflections on the process
show although frustrating at times, it has been very rewarding and while simultaneously
developing a web-based intervention, a valuable skill set is gained for future work. Once
the development work is complete, this intervention will be used and evaluated in a larger
study.
5. Experiences of those living with cancer who practice yoga
Sarah McGarry1 & Amy Burton1
1
Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent
Email: [email protected]
Background: Yoga is an ancient Eastern discipline that has been widely used to
promote healing and quality of life. As a result, yoga has been trialled for cancer patients
and research has shown some of the benefits that cancer survivors have taken from
practicing this discipline. For example, research into yoga and breast cancer patients has
shown significant improvements in quality of life particularly social functioning.
Furthermore, decreases in cancer related anxiety have also been found. This evidence
illustrates that Yoga can be beneficial for quality of life but due to the quantitative nature
of this research we are unable to identify how this might occur.
Aim: This research project will aim to explore the following research questions: What are
the experiences of women who attend a yoga group set up for women with cancer?;Why
do they choose to attend?; How do they perceive their quality of life and what role does
Yoga play in this?
Methods: This study will investigate the experiences of people who attend a local yoga
group specifically for cancer patients. Individual interviews will be conducted to get an
understanding of the participant’s experiences of cancer and their use of yoga.
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) will be used to develop an in-depth
analysis of the participant’s experiences of cancer and the use of yoga.
Findings: This study will develop a better understanding of how yoga might help people
to cope with cancer. It will explore the participants in context including an exploration of
the changes experienced in their day-to-day lives since they were diagnosed with
cancer. It is hoped that this research will give a better understanding to how yoga is
used by those who have been diagnosed with cancer and how the individuals themselves
perceive their experiences of Yoga and its impact on quality of life. Furthermore, the
results will identify the aspects of yoga that participants feel are most important to
them.
Discussion: Through understanding why yoga is important healthcare professionals can
be educated about why some cancer patients choose to use yoga and how this might
contribute to quality of life. We will also learn which aspects of Yoga are most appealing
to participants and this knowledge could be used to help devise new interventions for
patients with cancer. In addition, identification of the features of the Yoga group which
are most important to patients will provide guidance to health care professionals about
which support groups and services might be of benefit to their patients and therefore
help them sign post beneficial sources of support.
6. Increasing physical activity through self-efficacy as a consequence of
social support experienced from computer game interaction
Jonathan Farnell1, Katherine Swainston1, Amanda McNamee1 & Paul Van Schaik1
1
Teesside University, Middlesbrough
Email: [email protected]
Background: With the innovation of physically active computer games, researchers
have begun investigating the health benefits that can be gained from playing these
games and how they might be utilised as tools to encourage positive behavioural
change. One such outcome is that of an increase in social support, which leisure coping
theory can explain, it suggests that individuals engage with leisure to generate coping
resources such as social support. Social support has been associated with the
manifestation of self-efficacy which is a fundamental component of successful behaviour
modification (seen in the theory of planned behaviour and health belief model). This
leads to the argument that computer games may elicit social support through the
mechanisms of leisure coping and in turn self-efficacy as a direct result of the increase in
social support received.
Aim: Therefore, the project aims to investigate the proposed mediational relationship
between social support (derived from group-based computer gameplay), self-efficacy
(the mediator) and positive behavioural change (physical activity). An additional aim is
to test the efficacy of the intervention program as a successful behavioural modification
technique.
Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental independent samples laboratory design.
The IV was participant condition and had 3 levels: Group, solo and control. Three
dependent variables were used: DV1 was social support, DV2 was self-efficacy and DV3
was weekly physical activity. The computer-game based intervention was carried out
over 8 weeks and involved weekly laboratory sessions. Participants within the group and
solo conditions were exposed to the computer game Wii Sports for 30 minutes in each
session with social support, self-efficacy and physical activity measures being
administered post gameplay with the exception of week 1 where measures were
administered pre-gameplay to establish a baseline. Participants within the group
condition took part in the laboratory sessions in groups of 3 or 4 which were consistent
throughout the 8 weeks of study. Participants within the control condition were
administered the described measures on a weekly basis within the laboratory.
Findings: It is expected that data collection for this study will be complete in February
of 2015. It is expected that analysis will show participants within the group condition
experienced an increase in social support, self-efficacy and reported weekly physical
activity. It is expected that no change in these variables will occur in the solo condition
as this will provide evidence to suggest that the social factor of the group condition is
responsible for the positive behavioural change and not the computer game alone.
Discussion: This project represents the first in a series of similar studies that will each
investigate a different behaviour to modify, it is currently intended that encouraging
weight loss and stress relief will be the focus of the next investigations. This study is
valuable to Health Psychology as it can further our understanding of the mechanisms of
behavioural change and in addition to this, it can also provide evidence for the efficacy of
group based computer game behavioural modification strategies.
7. A Cross Sectional Study of Quality of Life and Stigma in People with
Epilepsy in the UK and Kurdistan
Nashmel Sargalo1, Bridget Dibb1 & Stanley O. Gaines, Jr1
1
Brunel University, London
Email: [email protected]
Background: Epilepsy is a debilitating neurological chronic illness, it is a condition that
does not discriminate across cultures, continents or gender. In western societies
awareness of epilepsy is on the increase with the help of better medical understanding
and available support groups assisting those diagnosed with epilepsy and their families,
however, this does not seem to be case for developing countries such as Kurdistan.
Aim: This project aimed to explore the lives of people with epilepsy living in the UK and
Kurdistan, Northern Iraq, with a particular focus on stigma and quality of life (QoL).
Methods: The study was a qualitative investigation looking at people with epilepsy, 10
participants from the UK and 10 participants from Kurdistan were interviewed using semi
structured interviews. Participants were all over the age of 18, the UK sample was
recruited from personal contacts and using snowball sampling, and Kurdistan
participants from Neurology clinics in Kurdistan, word of mouth and snowballing
technique. The interview schedule was exploratory and non-intrusive. Consent was
gained at the time of the interviews and all interviews were recorded for later
transcription. The transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.
Findings: From the analysis four main themes were uncovered, the first main theme is
(1) The Experience of Seizures with four sub-themes including Seizure Triggers and
Support During a Seizure; the second main theme is (2) Impact of Living with Epilepsy
and two sub-themes including loss of independence and restrictions; and lack of control.
Theme three is (3) Coping with Epilepsy with five sub-themes which included illness
comparison the role of medicine and the medical profession. The final main theme is (4)
Consequences of Diagnosis and Stigma with four sub-themes which included
concealment/disclosure of diagnosis and stigma.
Discussion: It seems that stigma in the Kurdish culture is also teamed with offensive or
disrespectful behaviour, whereas, the UK participants experienced stigma in the way that
they felt institutionally and individually stigmatised, for example, a young girl’s seizure
being associated with a drunken behaviour because of her age. In this research it seems
that the difference is quite clear between the two cultures, the type of stigma
experienced by the UK participants were quite different to that experienced by the
Kurdish participants. It can be concluded that the level of stigma present in the UK and
Kurdistan contributes to the quality of life of people with epilepsy, although it seems that
the Kurdish group also had the added pressure of their family and society in their coping
mechanisms which may in turn cause more stress and may feel a lack of control over
their symptoms.
8. A Thematic Analysis To Explore A Competitive Weightlifter’s Weight Loss
Journey
Parminder Singh Thindal1
1
The University of Derby, Derby
Email: [email protected]
Background: Weightlifters are often confused with body builders by the general public
(Calhoon & Fry, 1999). Weightlifters frequently engage in dietary programs in order to
meet their competition requirements such as weight loss or gain regimes (Maughan &
Gleeson, 2004). The qualitative literature about body builders has highlighted the
construction of male identity (Weigers, 1998) and female identity (Grogan, Evans,
Wright & Hunter, 2004). These studies have been insightful in understanding the
masculinity and femininity of male and female bodybuilders, but the qualitative literature
surrounding male competitive weightlifters weight loss journeys has been limited and
mostly thematically driven.
Aim: The aim of this study was to use a thematic analysis (TA) to explore a competitive
weightlifter’s weight loss journey.
Methods: ‘Zack’, a male personal trainer and aspiring competitive weightlifter was
recruited through the researcher’s social network. Zack was interviewed using a semistructured interview lasting 39 minutes, discussing his recent weight loss journey as a
requirement to compete in a weightlifting competition. Data analysis was conducted
using TA, because it emphasizes the individual’s own experience and how individuals
perceive and derive meaning from their experiences (Willig & Rogers, 2008).
Findings: The analysis produced three superordinate themes: social group norms,
motivational strategies to lose weight and weight loss strategies. Two sub-themes were
also identified for each superordinate theme which aligned well with both sports
psychology and body image literature. Identified sub-themes for social group norms
were conformity and social isolation to group norms. The social group norms theme
helps us understand why Zack conformed to a particular body image set by his peers.
Social group norm activities such as drinking alcohol and unrestricted diets of Zack’s
peers, helps us understand how individuals can experience social isolation whilst on their
weight loss journeys. Identified sub-themes for motivational strategies to lose weight
were goal setting and imagery techniques. Zack used goal setting to set short term goals
in order meet the long term goals of the week, which helps us understand how
individuals adhere to their dietary programs. Additionally, Zack used imagery techniques
to increase his motivation to adhere to his diet and exercise plan on his weight loss
journey. Identified sub-themes for weight loss strategies were self-monitoring calories
and compensation through restrictive eating. Zack used self-monitoring calories on his
weight loss journey to record his caloric intake, which increased Zack’s motivation to
lose weight. Zack believed compensation through restrictive eating was the only way he
could continue on his weight loss journey, during the times he exceeded his caloric
intake.
Discussion: The implications of this study and future directions for research are
discussed, highlighting the need to interview multiple competitive weightlifters after
completing their weight loss journeys. Additionally a reflection of the author’s first
experience of qualitative research will also be presented on the poster. The reflection of
the author’s experience with qualitative research will cover: the amount of work required
to conduct qualitative research, getting to grips with the data, and the challenges and
rewards of qualitative research.
9. Pain Communication: The Interpretation of Pain through the Role of
Gestures
Amanda Peach1 & Vicki Staples1
1
The University of Derby, Derby
Email: [email protected]
Background: Pain affects approximately twenty million people in the United Kingdom
(Health Survey for England 2011, 2012), with figures predicted to rise. Communicating
pain effectively is important for adequate diagnosis and treatment to be provided. A
new area of research within pain communication is the utilisation of gestures, which
have been identified as providing definition and reinforcement to the verbal description
(Holler & Beattie, 2003).
Aim: To investigate the interpretation of gestures within pain communication and
whether occupation and empathy contribute.
Methods: Healthcare and non-healthcare professionals were randomly allocated to
watch a series of pain description video stimuli with or without gestures present. After
each video clip participants rated pain on numeric and visual rating scales. Qualitative
data was analysed using thematic analysis to gain a better understanding of aspects
which aided participants rating of another’s pain.
Findings: Empathy scores were higher for healthcare professionals. Pain ratings were
higher without gestures present but were not affected by gestures or occupation. Three
themes were identified regarding aspects influencing pain ratings 1) Pain description 2)
Pain experience and 3) Non-verbal communication.
Discussion: The findings demonstrate the primary source for understanding another’s
pain is through verbal language, but highlights other communicative methods.
Moreover, other factors can also contribute to the interpretation of pain.
10.Exploring the role of disgust in cancer
Paul Overton1, Philip Powell1, Jane Simpson1 & Haffiezhah An-Nadiah Azlan1
1
The University of Sheffield, Sheffield
Email: [email protected]
Background: As an emotion that evolved to protect against disease, disgust is a critical
affect in health contexts. Anecdotal and qualitative evidence suggest it may play a
particularly important role in patients’ psychological responding to cancer.
Aim: The objective of this study was to quantitatively examine the role of disgust in
cancer, exploring the implications of three related disgust constructs: ‘disgust
propensity’, ‘disgust sensitivity’, and ‘self-disgust’.
Methods: Ninety-three cancer patients with a broad range of cancer diagnoses,
identified from cancer charities and support groups, were enrolled onto a case-control
study, along with 93 healthy control subjects, matched by age and sex, recruited from
the University of Sheffield volunteer’s email list. Analyses explored whether cancer
patients differed in their disgust responding to that of healthy controls, and the
associations between the disgust variables and measures of psychological well-being
(i.e., depression and anxiety) in each sample.
Findings: Results showed that disgust sensitivity in the cancer sample was higher than
in the general healthy sample. Cancer patients also reported higher disgust towards
physical aspects of the self than the control sample. In the cancer sample, levels of
depression were significantly related to physical aspects of the self. Levels of anxiety
were significantly related to physical aspects of the self and disgust sensitivity.
Discussion: Examining the role of disgust in cancer patients has important implications
for understanding the emotional processes that affect their well-being and how these
may be approached clinically.
11.Experiences of living with Atopic Dermatitis in young adulthood: an IPA
analysis
Muzamal Rehman1
1
Research and Development Centre, Kingsway Hospital, Derby
Email: [email protected]
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a type of eczema (NHS, 2012) which is common
in children. This condition also affects adults and varies in severity, however research
tends to focus on children. It is characterised by inflammatory skin, dry skin and rash
(Williams, 2001) and in severe cases there may be bleeding due to excessive scratching.
The Quality of Life is affected for people living with atopic dermatitis including physical
functioning, social relationships, rest, sleep and energy, independence and psychological
well-being.
Aim: To explore experiences of living with Atopic Dermatitis in young adulthood.
Methods: One female participant aged 21 took part in a semi structured interview via
Skype. The interview lasted approximately 40 minutes. To allow an insight into the
participant’s experiences, IPA was used as the method of data analysis.
Results: A total of 10 themes were found which were then categorised into 4 super
ordinate themes. The 4 main themes were: social support, loss of identity, perceived
lack of control and acceptance of condition. Subthemes included unwanted self, role
changes within family, resilience and feelings of helplessness.
Discussion: Findings from this report are consistent with literature such that loss of
identity may be experienced when experiencing a chronic condition (Moos and Schaefer,
1984), social support relates to positive health outcomes (Raimer, 2000), feelings of
helplessness (Evers, Lu & Duller (2005) and lack of control in people with skin diseases
such as AD (Maltby, Day & Macaskill, 2010). Building on the current study, loss of
identity should be further researched as theoretical basis shows that this has an impact
on psychological well-being which consequently affects the progress of the skin
condition.
Workshop: Applying for a health psychology
PhD: Q&A (1.50-2.20pm, Room 113)
This workshop will provide an informal environment for delegates to ask questions to a
panel who are either currently undertaking, or completed, a PhD relating to health
psychology. Each panel member will briefly describe their PhD and the specific route
they have taken. The floor will be open to questions relating to the PhD process, such as
how to apply for funding. Those who are interested in doing a PhD, or work with
students thinking about this option, are welcome to this session.
The panel consists of several volunteers:
Sophie Williams, current PhD student at the University of Derby
Dr Ainslea Cross, Academic Lead for Health Psychology, University of Derby Online
Learning (UDOL)
Attending this workshop is entirely optional and will be hosted during the lunchtime
break.
Salimetrics
The success of Salimetrics reflects the increasing use of Salivary Assays as a noninvasive method to Serum determination for the measurement of Biomarkers including
Alpha Amylase, Androstenedione, Saliva Blood Contamination, Cortisol, Cotinine, CReactive Protein, DHEA and DHEA-S, Estradiol, Estriol, Estrone, Progesterone, 17 alpha
Hydroxyprogesterone, Secretory IgA, Testosterone and New Assays, IL-1b, IL-6 and
Melatonin
This is a particularly useful, minimally invasive research tool for Health Psychologists
who wish to quantify their research, we can talk you though all current methods at the
conference or on a follow up visit
In addition to the supply of Assay Kits, Saliva Collection Devices, Salimetrics Europe
offers a highly competitive, comprehensive Saliva Testing Service, Saliva Training
Courses and Educational Roadshows
For further information please visit our stand at the conference, or contact us:
Salimetrics Europe Ltd Newmarket Suffolk, CB8 7SY
Tel: 01638 782619
Email:[email protected]
Website: www.salimetrics.com
Blog: www.salimetricseurope.blogspot.com
PsyPAG
PsyPAG is a national organisation for all psychology postgraduates based at UK
Institutions. Funded by the Research Board of the British Psychological Society, PsyPAG
is run on a voluntary basis by postgraduates for postgraduates.
Its aims are to provide support for postgraduate students in the UK, to act as a vehicle
for communication between postgraduates, and to represent postgraduates within the
British Psychological Society (BPS). It also fulfills the vital role of bringing together
postgraduates from around the country.
PsyPAG has no official membership scheme; anyone involved in postgraduate study in
psychology at a UK Institution is automatically a member. We offer competitive bursaries
and awards to UK postgraduates.
We have a thriving journal: PsyPAG Quarterly, which published a Health Psychology
special in December 2014, and we are also celebrating our 30th anniversary conference
in Glasgow in July 2015.
Please find more information about PsyPAG, PsyPAG Quarterly and our conference
at: http://www.psypag.co.uk, on Facebook at www.facebook.com/PsyPAG or @PsyPAG
on Twitter.
MHPN 2014-2015 committee
Secretary: Dr. Amy Burton, BSc (Hons), MSc, PhD
Senior Lecturer in Health Psychology, Staffordshire University
E: [email protected]
Treasurer: Kayleigh Kwah,, BSc (Hons), MSc
Research Assistant, Centre for Technology Enabled Health Research (CTEHR), Coventry
University.
E: [email protected]
Assistant Newsletter Editor: Joanne Parsons, MSc Student
Coventry University and Mental Health & Counselling Coordinator, Age UK
E: [email protected]
Follow me @JoParsons83
CPD Officer: Ainsley Cross, BSc (Hons), MSc
Lecturer in Health Psychology, University of Derby Online Learning
E: [email protected]
Local Interest Groups and CPD Officer: Carmel Capewell, PhD student
E: [email protected]
Membership and Promotions Officer: Dr. Jennifer Weston, BSc (Hons), MSc, C.
Psychol
Research Associate, University of Liverpool.
E: [email protected]
Follow me @drjweston
Conference Organiser:
Bethan Davies, BSc (Hons), MSc
PhD Student, Division of Psychiatry & Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham.
E: [email protected]
Follow me @cywbach
Conference Organiser:
Sophie Williams, BSc (Hons), MSc
PhD Student, Online Tutor, University of Derby.
E: [email protected]
Follow me @PCOS_Research
Conference Organiser:
Jade Norris
Recent MSc Health Psychology graduate
Conference Organiser:
Shanu Sadhwani
Current MSc Health Psychology student at Cardiff Metropolitan University and Lecturer of
Psychology at Middlesex University (Mauritius campus)
Local Interest Groups (LIGs)
One of the aims of the MHPN is to provide local forums for individuals with an
enthusiasm for health psychology to share their interests, experiences, research and
questions in a supportive environment. MHPN would like to support motivated individuals
to set up local groups (LIGs) to this end. If you are interested in setting up your own
LIG, please contact Carmel Capewell at [email protected].
Oxford Brookes
The Oxford Brookes LIG has been running successfully since October 2012. The group is
led by Marta Wanat. Marta is currently a doctoral researcher within the department of
Clinical Health Care. The group has welcomed guest speakers including Dr Konrad
Jacobs. For more information please contact Marta Wanat: [email protected].
City University, London:
The City University LIG has been running since Spring 2013. The group is led by Tom
Witney who is a recent graduate from City Health Psychology MSc. The aim of the group
is to give students an opportunity to meet and share news, research and ideas. In the
first meeting the group discussed news from the annual MHPN conference. In upcoming
meetings the group will discuss plans for the future. The group has an active Facebook
page. Recent Facebook discussions have included the DSM-5, health inequalities and
mindfulness training. All welcome whether a student at City University or not.For more
information please contact Tom Whitney: [email protected].
Leicester, Derby and Nottingham:
The East Midlands LIG meets regularly to discuss updates and news in health
psychology, network and to discuss local opportunities for teaching, research,
consultancy etc. We usually start the session with a structured presentation on a topic
that the members have requested and in the second half of the meeting, there is the
opportunity for group discussion around anything health psychology related. For more
information please contact Ainsley Cross on [email protected].
Birmingham:
The Special Interest Group in Psychology (Psych-SIG) was set up in 2011 by co-founders
Sandi Dheensa, (now replaced by Laura Lord) and Sabrina Baral-Grant. The group is set
up as a local specialised group in the School of Health and Population Sciences at UOB to
bring together researchers with an interest in Psychology (of all areas but mainly Clinical
and Health Psychology) across to share ideas, research and interests. The group holds
quarterly meetings where members (Research fellows, associates, lecturers and PhD
Students) have an opportunity to present 'snippets' of their work which in the past has
stimulated interesting discussion and to share knowledge of useful training and
conferences being held within the discipline. Following a useful meet in Birmingham with
the MHPN we gained members from other disciplines. Over the next year we plan to
engage in some more projects to further raise the profile of the group throughout the
University. For more information please contact Sabrina Baral-Grant:
[email protected].
Coventry:
The Coventry LIG held its first meeting in May 2013 and is continuing to develop. The
aims of the group are to provide opportunities for career development amongst students
and early career researchers or professionals in health psychology, and to provide a
platform for raising the profile of health psychology. The group has links to The
University of Warwick, and is inclusive of everyone interested in health psychology
whether they are attached to a local university, or working in the NHS or independently.
The group meets once a month -usually a lunchtime in the third week of the month. For
more information please contact Naomi Bartle: [email protected].
Warwick:
Academic and research staff across the University of Warwick established the Health
Psychology @ Warwick (HP@W) group with a successful launching event and opening
talk from Dr Tony Cassidy (DHP Chair). The group holds bimonthly meetings to discuss
teaching, research and ideas. It also organises events and engages in various projects to
raise the profile of health psychology. For more information please contact Dr Harbinder
Sandhu: [email protected].