1. No category

Starter
unit
Gramática
Past simple
Afirmativa
I / You / He / She / It / We / They got up early.
Negativa
I / You / He / She / It / We / They didn’t get
up early.
Interrogativa
Did / I / you / he / she / it / we / they get up
early?
Verbos regulares
prepare ➞ prepared
stop ➞ stopped
El present simple se utiliza para describir rutinas y
acciones que se repiten.
She reads her book every night.
El present continuous también se utiliza para expresar
planes de futuro inmediato.
I’m having a coffee with my friend this afternoon.
study ➞ studied
Verbos irregulares
No hay normas para la formación de los verbos
irregulares. Consulta la lista de la página 120.
Uso
El past simple de los verbos regulares e irregulares se
utiliza para describir o preguntar acerca de una acción
que se completó en el pasado.
We ate spicy food last night. Did you like it?
Utilizamos el past simple si sabemos exactamente
cuándo sucedió la acción.
We saw Zack yesterday. We didn’t see him today.
Present simple
Afirmativa
Negativa
Interrogativa
I / You sleep.
I / You don’t sleep.
Do I / you sleep?
He / She / It sleeps. He / She / It
doesn’t sleep.
Does he / she / it
sleep?
We / They sleep.
Do we / they
sleep?
Present continuous
80
Uso
El present continuous hace referencia a acciones que se
están desarrollando en este momento.
They’re shopping for clothes at the moment.
cook ➞ cooked
We / They don’t
sleep.
Present simple and present
continuous
Nota: algunos verbos no se suelen utilizar en present
continuous: believe, belong, hate, imagine, know, like,
love, prefer, remember, think, understand, want.
I prefer chocolate ice cream.
Comparative and superlative
adjectives
Adjetivo
Comparativo Superlativo
Adjetivos breves sweet
sweeter
the sweetest
Adjetivos breves rare
acabados en -e
rarer
the rarest
Adjetivos breves hot
acabados en
vocal
+ consonante
hotter
the hottest
Adjetivos breves healthy
acabados en -y
healthier
the
healthiest
Adjetivos largos
interesting more
interesting
the most
interesting
Adjetivos
irregulares
good
bad
best
worst
better
worse
Afirmativa
Negativa
Interrogativa
Uso
I’m eating.
You’re eating.
I’m not eating.
You aren’t eating.
Am I eating?
Are you eating?
He / She / It is
eating.
He / She / It isn’t
eating.
Is he / she / it
eating?
El comparativo + than sirve para comparar dos o más
personas o cosas.
Melon is sweeter than orange.
We / They are
eating.
We / They aren’t
eating.
Are we / they
eating?
Starter unit Gramática
El superlativo se utiliza para expresar que una persona
o cosa es (o no es) la mejor.
Curry is the tastiest food in the world!
Starter
unit
Grammar practice
Past simple
4 Choose the correct option.
1Complete the table with the correct past simple
form of the verbs.
2 Dara isn’t doing / doesn’t do her homework – she’s
watching TV.
arrive chat cook dance feel help know sing sleep think try
regular verbs
+ -ed
+ -d
1 Is Jack cooking / Does Jack cook meals for his
friends very often?
3 Put your T-shirt on; you get / are getting sunburned!
irregular
verbs
double
+ -ied
consonant
+ -ed
arrived
4 I never send / am sending postcards on holidays.
5 Do you like / Are you liking the colour red?
6 Anil and Wayne eat / are eating chocolate ice
creams over there – look!
Comparative adjectives
5Correct the underlined mistakes in the comparative
2Complete the sentences with the correct past
simple form of four verbs from exercise 1.
I chatted with my friends for a long time last night.
1 My dad
me with my
homework because he doesn’t understand Physics.
2 Dave
football match?
tired after the
3 Andy
there wasn’t any food left!
breakfast because
Present simple and present continuous
3Rewrite the sentences in the correct affirmative
(✓), negative (✗) or question (?) form of the present
simple or present continuous.
We go abroad every summer. (✗)
We don’t go abroad every summer.
1 Lily is booking a holiday on the internet. (?)
sentences.
I wanted a drink that was more cold than this
glass of water. colder than
1 This restaurant is as more expensive as the other
one!
2 Jacques says English food is tastyer than
French food.
3 Green apples are more crunchy than red apples.
4 Your fish looks more nice than mine.
5 Red Thai curry is spicer than yellow Thai curry.
Superlative adjectives
6Complete the sentences with the correct
superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.
That’s the sweetest (sweet) cake that I’ve eaten!
1 Yoghurt is the
ingredient in this dish.
2 Does Mabel feel cold outside? (✓)
2 Ashley says he’s the
class.
3 Jack is running in the park. (✗)
3 Fruit and vegetables are the
food to eat.
4 Dad likes travelling by boat. (?)
4 Vindaloo curry is the
eaten!
5 Turkish coffee doesn’t taste very strong. (✓)
5 That café sells the
town.
(important)
(good) cook in the
(healthy)
(hot) curry I’ve
(bad) hamburgers in
Gramática Starter unit
81
Starter
unit
Vocabulario
Adjectives: emotions
Holidays
angry (adj) /ˈaeŋgri/
excited (adj) /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/
funny (adj) /ˈfʌni/
lonely (adj) /ˈləʊnli/
nervous (adj) /ˈnɜːvəs/
relaxed (adj) /rɪˈlækst/
surprised (adj) /səˈpraɪzd/
tired (adj) /ˈtaɪəd/
book a hotel / hostel / B and B (v) /ˌbʊk ə həʊˈtel, ˈhɒstl, ˌbiː ən ˈbiː/
buy souvenirs from a shop (v) /ˌbaɪ suːvəˈnɪəz frəm ə ʃɒp/
explore a new place (v) /ɪkˌsplɔːr ə ˌnjuː ˈpleɪs/
get sunburned (v) /ˌɡet ˈsʌnbɜːnd/
go abroad on holiday (v) /ˌɡəʊ əˈbrɔːd ɒn ˌhɒlədeɪ/
have an accident (v) /ˌhæv ən ˈæksɪdənt/
hire a car on holiday (v) /ˌhaɪər ə ˈkɑː(r) ɒn ˌhɒlədeɪ/
lose your suitcase / passport (v)
/ˌluːz jɔː ˈsuːtkeɪs, ˈpɑːspɔːt/
meet new people (v) /ˌmiːt ˌnjuː ˈpiːpl/
miss a flight / the bus / the train (v) /ˌmɪs ə ˈflaɪt,
ðə bʌs, ðə treɪn/
send a postcard to your friends (v) /ˌsend ə ˈpəʊstkɑːd
tuː jɔː ˈfrendz/
Express it!
couldn’t sleep a wink was really into Verbs: experiences
cook a healthy meal (v) /ˌkʊk ə ˈhelθi miːl/
feel worried (v) /ˌfiːl ˈwʌrid/
go on a school trip (v) /ˌɡəʊ ɒn ə ˌskuːl ˈtrɪp/
have a lie-in (v) /ˌhæv ə lɑi ɪn/
have a sleepover with friends (v) /ˌhæv ə ˈsliːpəʊvə wɪð ˌfrendz/
make new friends (v) /ˌmeɪk ˌnjuː ˈfrendz/
sunbathe (v) /ˈsʌnbeɪð/
82
Starter unit Vocabulario
Food
beans (n) /biːnz/
carrots (n) /ˈkærəts/
cheese (n) /tʃiːz/
chicken (n) /ˈtʃɪkɪn/
chilli sauce (n) /ˌtʃɪli ˈsɔːs/
crunchy (adj) /ˈkrʌntʃi/
healthy (adj) /ˈhelθi/
pepper (n) /ˈpepə(r)/
salt (n) /sɔːlt/
spicy (adj) /ˈspaɪsi/
sugar (n) /ˈʃʊgə(r)/
sweet (adj) /swiːt/
tasty (adj) /ˈteɪsti/
yoghurt (n) /ˈjɒgət/
Starter
unit
Vocabulary practice
1Choose the correct option in the photo descriptions.
Then match descriptions 1–5 to photos A–E.
A
4
1
B
C
D
3
2
1
but we lost / had an accide
nt on
the way – oops! We had to fly
home.
4
So Dad hired / booked a car
and we drove to France,
2
We sent / booked a hotel on our computer
at home before we left for the airport.
5
2Find the food words in the wordsearch. The words
can be vertical, horizontal and diagonal.
3
E
5
We got to the airport too late, so we
lost / missed our flight to France.
Then Mum lost / hired her
suitcase on the way home! Next
year, we’ll stay at home …
3 Translate the sentences.
1 I normally have a lie-in on Saturdays.
beans carrots cheese chicken chilli sauce
pepper salt sugar yoghurt
2 Andy cooked a healthy meal last weekend.
C
F
C
D
P
S
H
S
K
S
F
S
H
H
P
K
S
L
F
P
P
A
D
F
I
B
E
A
N
S
C
C
Y
L
S
F
C
S
P
E
F
G
A
F
T
T
E
R
K
S
P
M
S
C
R
C
S
R
D
F
E
G
E
S
J
E
R
C
W
S
K
S
N
S
R
C
F
Y
O
G
H
U
R
T
Q
Z
H
F
B
T
T
D
S
C
D
F
C
H
I
L
L
I
S
A
U
C
E
L
X
D
B
F
F
E
O
X
G
G
F
S
K
W
F
C
Z
V
C
H
A
N
D
G
C
F
X
P
E
M
W
S
R
D
S
O
3 Laura feels more excited than I do about our holiday.
4 Dave is buying souvenirs from a shop.
5 My pizza is tastier than yours!
6 Lisa is doing her science homework.
7 That’s the funniest story I’ve ever heard!
8 We had a sleepover at Jack’s house.
Vocabulario Starter unit
83
Gramática
Unit 1
have to, need to and must: modals of
obligation, necessity and prohibition
Afirmativa
Negativa
Interrogativa
Presente
I / You / We /
They have to /
need to read.
I / You / We / They
Do I / you / we
don’t have to / don’t / they have to /
need to read.
need to read?
He / She / It
has to / needs to
stay.
He / She / It doesn’t
have to / doesn’t
need to stay.
Does he / she / it
have to / need to
stay?
Pasado
I / You / He / She
/ It / We / They
had to / needed
to read.
I / You / He / She /
It / We / They didn’t
have to / didn’t
need to read.
Did I / you / he /
she / it / we / they
have to / need to
read?
La forma must es la misma para todas las personas del
verbo. Se utiliza con el infinitivo sin to.
Afirmativa
Negativa
I / You / He / She / We / They
must wear a uniform.
I / You / He / She / We /
They mustn’t wear hats.
Uso
Se utiliza have to para referirse a obligaciones y normas.
Students have to use the teachers’ surnames.
Must no tiene una forma de pasado. Se emplea had to.
They had to leave after the film.
Utilizamos don’t have to para indicar que algo no es
necesario u obligatorio.
Liz doesn’t have to do PE / didn’t have to wear a
uniform.
Must indica que algo es importante, obligatorio, que
responde a una norma o a una ley.
You must wear trainers at school.
Mustn’t se utiliza para expresar prohibición.
Steve mustn’t eat his sandwich in the classroom.
El significado de must y have to es casi idéntico.
I must do my exams. = I have to do my exams.
Must suele describir algo que el hablante considera
necesario. Have to hace referencia a algo necesario
debido a las circunstancias.
You must be at home at ten o’clock.
I have to go to the sports centre to practise.
Lo contrario de must y have to es mustn’t. Must no se
suele utilizar en las preguntas.
You mustn’t wear trainers at school.
Utilizamos need to / don’t need to para indicar que es
necesario o no es necesario hacer algo.
I need to study harder. You don’t need to worry.
could, can, will be able to: modals of
ability and permission
Las formas de could, can y will be able to son las
mismas para todas las personas del verbo.
Afirmativa
Pasado
Presente
Futuro
I could speak
French.
They can speak
French.
We will be able to
speak French.
Negativa
Pasado
Presente
Futuro
I couldn’t speak
French.
You can’t speak
French.
She won’t be able to
speak French.
Pasado
Presente
Futuro
Could you speak
French?
Can he speak
French?
Will you be able to
speak French?
Interrogativa
Uso Could, can y will be able to se utilizan para
expresar la capacidad de alguien o algo para realizar
una acción; también describe lo que es posible en una
determinada situación.
Can y could también describen permiso.
Can I get a tattoo? No, you can’t. You’re too young.
allow, be allowed to
El verbo allow (somebody to do something) significa
“dar permiso (a alguien) (para hacer algo)”.
My parents allow me to have friends for a sleepover.
Be allowed to (do something) significa “tener permiso
para (hacer algo)”. Al utilizar esta estructura, no es
necesario decir quién da permiso.
I’m allowed to use my dad’s laptop.
Allow sigue el patrón de los verbos regulares. Para
utilizar be allowed to, solo hay que cambiar el verbo be.
The teacher didn’t allow Sam to leave early.
Sam wasn’t allowed to leave early.
should, ought to: modals of advice
Las formas de should / ought to son las mismas para
todas las personas del verbo.
Afirmativa
Negativa
Interrogativa
Lauren should be
more hard-working.
We shouldn’t make What should
a lot of noise.
Kay do?
Lauren ought to be
more hard-working.
Uso Utilizamos should y ought to para dar o pedir
consejo. Ought to se emplea en frases afirmativas.
84
Unit 1 Gramática
Unit 1
Grammar practice
have to and must
1Write the words in the correct order to make have
to or don’t have to sentences.
on Fridays / go / We / to / to school / don’t / have .
We don’t have to go to school on Fridays.
1 have / to classes / Korean students / to /
in the evenings / go .
2 to / Kate / give / in class today / a presentation / had .
3 have / to school yesterday / you / walk / Did / to ?
4 have / eat / lunch at school / don’t / Students / to .
2 Complete the sentences with must or mustn’t.
1 ‘You
take your sister’s books without
asking permission!’
2 Dan
to pass.
revise for his exams if he wants
3 In Britain, you
you ask for something.
4 ‘Students
in my class!’
always say please when
ever use their mobile phones
5 In Swedish homes, you
take your shoes
off – you only wear socks or slippers inside.
3 Correct the underlined mistakes.
could / can / will be able to and should
/ ought to
4Rewrite the could, can, or will be able to sentences
in the correct affirmative (✓), negative (✗) or
question (?) form.
Callum could do his project on his computer. (✗)
Callum couldn’t do his project on his computer.
1 Rajiva will be able to study at university next year. (?)
2 Dylis can’t study at the weekend. (✓)
3 I’ll be able to buy new clothes before my interview. (✗)
4 Could your dad speak French when he was
younger? (✗)
5Complete the sentences with the correct
affirmative, negative or question form of should
and ought to. More than one answer is possible.
1 Kirsty
often.
practise her French more
2 Where
I go to buy stamps?
3 William
go in the sea – he can’t swim!
4 Sam
plans this evening.
5 tell his parents about his
we visit the Tate Modern gallery?
You mustn’t have to do after school activities if you
don’t want to. don’t have to
allow / be allowed to / and need to
1 Sally must go to bed early last night.
6 Complete the sentences with the words.
2 Students don’t have to speak in the library.
don’t allow don’t need to needed to wasn’t allowed to
3 Do we must hand in our homework today?
1 Tom
go out last night. He had
too much homework to do.
4 All students must to arrive on time for class.
2 You
very warm today.
5 We mustn’t get up early at the weekends.
It’s not necessary.
3 Alex’s parents
games.
take a coat – it’s going to be
him to play computer
4 We
go shopping – there was nothing
to eat in the fridge.
Gramática Unit 1
85
Unit 1
1.1
Vocabulario
acceptable (adj) /əkˈseptəbl/
badly-behaved (adj) /ˌbædli
bɪˈheɪvd/
common (adj) /ˈkɒmən/
compulsory (adj) /kəmˈpʌlsəri/
direct (adj) /dəˈrekt, dɪ-, daɪ-/
dishonest (adj) /dɪsˈɒnɪst/
easy-going (adj) /ˌiːziˈɡəʊɪŋ/
fair (adj) /feə(r)/
familiar (adj) /fəˈmɪliə(r)/
honest (adj) /ˈɒnɪst/
indirect (adj) /ˌɪndəˈrekt,
-dɪ-, -daɪ-/
rare (adj) /reə(r)/
strict (adj) /strɪkt/
unacceptable (adj) /ˌʌnəkˈseptəbl/
unfair (adj) /ˌʌnˈfeə(r)/
unfamiliar (adj) /ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə(r)/
voluntary (adj) /ˈvɒləntri/
well-behaved (adj) /ˌwel bɪˈheɪvd/
1.1
Extra vocabulary
feel at home (v) /ˌfiːl ət ˈhəʊm/
feel homesick (v) /ˌfiːl ˈhəʊmsɪk/
miss (v) /mɪs/
settle into (phr v) /ˌsetl ˈɪntə/
1.2
Adjectives: personal qualities
active (adj) /ˈæktɪv/
adventurous (adj) /ədˈventʃərəs/
ambitious (adj) /æmˈbɪʃəs/
artistic (adj) /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/
confident (adj) /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/
creative (adj) /kriˈeɪtɪv/
curious (adj) /ˈkjʊəriəs/
hard-working (adj) /ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/
86
1.2
Unit 1 Vocabulario
Learn it!
career (n) /kəˈrɪə(r)/
degree (n) /dɪˈgrɪː/
1.3
Extra vocabulary
ceremony (n) /ˈserəməni/
hunt (v) /hʌnt/
status (n) /ˈsteɪtəs/
tattoo (n) /təˈtuː/
tribe (n) /traɪb/
warrior (n) /ˈwɒriə(r)/
1.3
Word builder
Noun suffixes 1
achievement (n) arrival (n)
protection (n)
survival (n)
Express it!
… is dead after …
1.1
logical (adj) /ˈlɒdʒɪkl/
mathematical (adj) /ˌmæθəˈmætɪkl/
organized (adj) /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/
sociable (adj) /ˈsəʊʃəbl/
Adjectives: behaviour
1.4
Functional language
Explaining and reacting to change
How awful / exciting / surprising!
That’s dreadful / fantastic / understandable!
Oh dear! / no! / really?
What a pity / shame!
That sounds nice / terrible!
What is / was it like?
I really like / liked it.
In the end, it was a good move.
How do / did you feel?
I was angry / anxious / excited.
That was sad.
What happened next?
Well, when I was …
Unit 1
Vocabulary practice
1 Match the adjectives to pictures A–F.
badly-behaved creative dishonest organized strict well-behaved
A
C
B
E
F
D
2 Choose the correct option to describe the sentences.
1 We should be more adventurous.
Excuse me, I found your wallet.
A honest
1
2
C unfair
B easy-goingC strict
2 Keira always settles into new schools quickly.
3 Will they be able to hunt with the tribe when they
become adults?
4 You shouldn’t ask any questions during the exam.
5 We mustn’t be late for school!
I hate your new boots!
A direct
4
B curious
You can do whatever you want today!
A unfair
3
B unacceptableC creative
Lucy can, but you can’t!
A sociable
3 Translate the sentences.
B commonC voluntary
Megan is always studying.
A hard-working B familiarC fair
6 Should I buy a ticket at the station or on the train?
7 Students don’t have to wear uniforms on Fridays.
8 Did Joe have to do a presentation in French?
Vocabulario Unit 1
87
Gramática
Unit 2
too, too much, too many,
(not) enough: quantifiers
Adjetivos
The plot is too
predictable.
Past simple
Afirmativa
Sustantivos
contables
Sustantivos
incontables
I / You / He / She / It / We / They watched a
film last night.
Negativa
There are too many
special effects.
There’s too much
dialogue in the
film.
I / You / He / She / It / We / They didn’t watch
a film last night.
Interrogativa Did / I / you / he / she / it / we / they watch
a film last night?
The film isn’t
Are there enough
There’s enough
exciting enough! tickets for everybody? action.
too many / too much = más de lo necesario
enough = la cantidad necesaria
not enough = no la cantidad necesaria
Uso
Utilizamos too delante de los adjetivos.
The novel is too long.
Afirmativa
Negativa
Interrogativa
I was reading.
I wasn’t reading.
Was I reading?
You were reading.
You weren’t
reading.
Were you reading?
He / She was
reading.
It was raining.
He / She wasn’t
reading.
It wasn’t raining.
Was he / she
reading?
Was it raining?
We / You / They /
were reading.
We / You / They
weren’t reading.
Were we / you /
they reading?
Too many se emplea delante de los sustantivos
contables.
There are too many short films in the competition.
Uso
Se utiliza too much delante de los sustantivos
incontables.
There was too much violence in the film.
El past continuous se utiliza para describir el desarrollo
de una acción en el pasado.
Jess was writing a review.
Utilizamos (not) enough detrás de los adjetivos.
Lily’s story isn’t interesting enough.
También se utiliza (not) enough delante de los
sustantivos en plural y los sustantivos incontables.
The play didn’t have enough romance.
The film received enough awards.
Verbs with -ing and to
Verbo + -ing
Verbo + to
dislike, don’t
agree, appear,
mind, enjoy, miss, decide, learn, plan,
recommend, stop promise, seem, want
Ambos
can’t stand, hate,
like, love, prefer,
start
A menudo utilizamos un verbo seguido de otro, y el
segundo puede adoptar distintas formas.
Hay verbos que van seguidos de la forma en -ing.
I enjoy singing.
Otros verbos van seguidos del infinitivo con to.
She decided to go home.
Algunos verbos pueden ir seguidos tanto de la forma
en -ing como del infinitivo con to.
I love to watch musicals.
They love travelling.
88
Past continuous
Unit 2 Gramática
Past simple and past continuous
Uso
El past simple se utiliza para referirse a una acción que
se completó en el pasado.
Andy met his friends at the Zombie Lab yesterday
afternoon.
El past continuous describe una acción que se estaba
desarrollando en el pasado.
What were you doing at seven o’clock?
They weren’t showing the film.
When y while
El past continuous y el past simple se combinan cuando
una acción interrumpe otra. El past continuous describe
la acción más larga, mientras que el past simple hace
referencia al suceso que la interrumpe. While suele
acompañar al past continuous, y when va con el past
simple.
While we were watching the film at the cinema, my
mobile phone rang!
I was watching a short film on the internet when
the electricity went off.
Unit 2
Grammar practice
too, too much, too many,
(not) enough
Past simple and past continuous
4Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative
1 Complete the sentences with too or enough.
I was too tired to read and I fell asleep quickly.
1 The TV programme was informative
help me with my homework.
2 There weren’t
the story interesting.
to
evil characters to make
(✓), negative (✗) or question (?) past simple or past
continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
J.K. Rowling was living in Manchester when she first
got the idea for the Harry Potter stories. (✓ live)
1 When
film? (? make)
they
the first Hobbit
3 The ending was
would never finish!
long. I thought the film
2 Harry Potter
home and went to
Hogwarts when he was eleven. (✓ leave)
4 Is the new novel
last one was very boring.
boring for you? The
3 I
a book on the bus when it stopped
suddenly. (✓ read)
5 Were there
action film?
dramatic scenes for an
2 Choose the correct option.
1 Were there too many / too much special effects in
the film?
2 There are too many / too much boring TV series at
the moment.
3 My mum says there is too many / too much
violence in most action films.
4 Have we got too many / too much homework this
weekend to go to the beach?
5 There were too many / too much bad actors in
that play.
6 The review didn’t give us too many / too much
information about the film’s plot.
3Complete the text with too, too much, too many and
enough.
In general, my opinion of the film is quite
talking and
negative. There was (1)
action – I like lots of action!
not (2)
And, the long dialogues weren’t interesting
(3)
. There were (4)
characters – it was confusing so I didn’t
understand the plot at all! Also, the ending was
(5)
predictable. Don’t watch this film!
4 The last James Bond film
a hit. (✗ be)
5 Who
you
in town? (? talk to)
when I saw you
5 Complete the sentences with the correct past
simple or past continuous form of the verbs in
brackets.
He wasn’t watching (not watch) a DVD when I arrived.
1 the play
was sleeping?
(finish) while Dan
2 I
(find) the book I wanted while I was
browsing the internet.
3 Ali received the text message while his mum
(watch) TV.
4 Charles Dickens
(work) for
a newspaper when he wrote his first novel?
Verbs with -ing and to
6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets.
Sue avoids watching (watch) horror films because
they are frightening.
1 The thieves wanted
(steal) the painting.
2 The council agreed
(change) the law.
3 Jo recommends
4 Harry seemed
5 They’re learning
6 I don’t mind
(see) that film.
(be) angry with me.
(design) clothes.
(help) you.
Gramática Unit 2
89
Unit 2
2.1
Vocabulario
Adjectives: opinions
disappointing (adj) /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ/
dramatic (adj) /drəˈmætɪk/
dull (adj) /dʌl/
enjoyable (adj) /ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl/
entertaining (adj) /ˌentəˈteɪnɪŋ/
hilarious (adj) /hɪˈleəriəs/
informative (adj) /ɪnˈfɔːmətɪv/
original (adj) /əˈrɪdʒənl/
predictable (adj) /prɪˈdɪktəbl/
realistic (adj) /ˌriːəˈlɪstɪkˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk/
spectacular (adj) /spekˈtækjələ(r)/
terrifying (adj) /ˈterɪfaɪɪŋ/
2.1
Express it!
Learn it!
character (n) /ˈkarəktə(r)/
2.3
Extra vocabulary
ghost (n) /ɡəʊst/
gift (n) /ɡɪft/
joke (n) /dʒəʊk/
live (adj) /laɪv/
performer (n) /pəˈfɔːmə(r)/
tale (n) /teɪl/
2.3
Word builder
Adverbs of degree
a bit (adv) fairly (adv) incredibly (adv) pretty (adv) quite (adv) very (adv) Extra vocabulary
audience (n) /ˈɔːdiəns/
box office (n) /ˈbɒks ˌɒfɪs/
income (n) /ˈɪnkʌm, ˈɪnkəm/
publicity (n) /pʌbˈlɪsəti/
special effects (n) /ˌspeʃl ɪˈfekts/
talented (adj) /ˈtæləntɪd/
2.1
2.2
2.4
Functional language
Expressing preferences
I’d prefer … (to + infinitive)
I’d rather … (+ infinitive)
I’d love … (to + infinitive)
just in time
2.2
Books and films
award (n) /əˈwɔːd/
beginning (n) /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/
bestseller (n) /ˌbestˈselə(r)/
critic (n) /ˈkrɪtɪk/
ending (n) /ˈendɪŋ/
film director (n) /ˈfɪlm dəˌrektə(r), dɪ-, daɪ-/
hit (n) /hɪt/
main character (n) /ˌmeɪn
ˈkærəktə(r)/
novelist (n) /ˈnɒvəlɪst/
plot (n) /plɒt/
review (n) /rɪˈvjuː/
setting (n) /ˈsetɪŋ/
90
Unit 2 Vocabulario
I’d rather not.
I’d prefer not to.
I’m not very keen on …
That sounds much better than …
I’ve heard it’s …
Unit 2
Vocabulary practice
1Use an adjective to describe each scene.
dramatic dull hilarious informative terrifying
2 Match 1–8 to A–H.
1 award
D
A last part
2 beginning
3 ending
C popular book
4 hit
Dprize
5 novelist
E time and place
6 plot
F first part
7 setting
Gstory
8 bestseller
Hsuccess
Bwriter
3 Translate the sentences.
1
1 I was reading a book when I had a great idea.
2 Nicole has a gift for acting.
3 It’s an entertaining tale about people in Ireland.
4 I haven’t got enough money to buy that book.
5 That film was too long. It was dull.
2
6 The critics wrote negative reviews about my show.
7 They spent too much money on special effects.
8 The performer was telling hilarious jokes when I
arrived.
3
4
5
Vocabulario Unit 2
91
Unit 3
Gramática
Present perfect with for and since
Present perfect
Uso
Afirmativa
I / You have started.
I’ve / You’ve started.
He / She / It has started.
He’s / She’s / It’s started.
We / They have started.
We’ve / They’ve started.
Negativa
I / You have not started.
I / You haven’t started.
He / She / It has not started.
He / She / It hasn’t started.
We / They have not started.
We / They haven’t started.
Interrogativa
Have I / you started?
What have I / you started?
Has he / she / it started?
Where has he / she / it
started?
Have we / they started?
Why have we / they started?
Al utilizar frases afirmativas en la lengua oral, se
incluyen formas contractas (’s / ’ve) detrás del sujeto.
En textos de registro formal, se utilizan las formas
completas (have / has).
En general, las formas contractas (haven’t / hasn’t) se
utilizan en frases negativas de la lengua tanto oral
como escrita. Las formas completas (have not / has not)
se utilizan en textos de registro formal.
No se debe confundir la forma contracta de has (’s) con
la de is (también ’s).
Utilizamos for para indicar cuándo tiempo lleva
sucediendo algo (for five years). Le sigue un periodo
de tiempo (for three months, for five days); es decir, se
coloca delante de una expresión temporal.
I’ve had the same mobile phone for two years.
(And I still have it.)
Since se utiliza para concretar cuándo comenzó una
acción en el pasado (since last week). Se coloca delante
de la expresión de tiempo.
My mum has been a shop owner since 2011.
Utilizamos how long + present perfect para formular
preguntas sobre cuánto tiempo lleva sucediendo algo.
La respuesta suele ir encabezada por for o since.
‘How long has your mum been a shop owner?’
‘Since 2011’ / ‘For four years.’
Present perfect with still, yet and
already
Uso
Uso
Still, yet y already se utilizan con el present perfect.
El present perfect se utiliza para describir experiencias
que hemos vivido (o no) en algún momento del
pasado.
I’ve borrowed £20.
I haven’t taken up athletics this year.
Still y yet refuerzan la idea de que algo no ha
cambiado. Still se coloca delante de has / have en
frases negativas. Yet, por su parte, aparece al final de
la frase.
Nunca se emplea el present perfect para describir algo
que ocurrió en un momento concreto del pasado. Se
debe utilizar si no sabemos cuándo se produjo ese
hecho, o bien no nos importa.
En la forma interrogativa a veces se incluye el adverbio
ever con el significado de “en algún momento de
nuestra vida hasta este preciso instante”.
Have you ever tried out wakeboarding?
92
En frases con el verbo en present perfect, for y since
describen la duración de una acción o un hecho que
comenzó en el pasado y sigue en la actualidad.
Unit 3 Gramática
Kylie still hasn’t bought a dress for the wedding.
Tim hasn’t picked up any rock climbing skills yet.
Colocamos yet al final de la interrogativa en present
perfect para preguntar si alguien ha hecho algo.
Have you taken up Italian yet?
Utilizamos already en la afirmativa del present perfect
para subrayar el hecho de que alguien ha hecho algo.
Se coloca entre has / have y el participio pasado.
Beth has already caught up with the other riders.
Unit 3
Grammar practice
Present perfect
1Write sentences with the correct present perfect
form of the words.
Billy / do / judo / twice?
Has Billy done judo twice?
1 We / not see / Sally / today.
1 Tom has owned that designer jacket since Christmas.
2 Emily has had those wellington boots for ages.
3 I have saved up money for three years!
4 They’ve been in the shop since ten o’clock.
2 Kay and Alexa / visit / Brussels / a few times.
3 I / study / German / before.
4 Harry / not save / enough money / for his holiday.
5 Steve’s hair / grow recently?
6 you / do / your homework / today?
Present perfect with still, yet and
already
4Correct the underlined mistakes with still, yet and
already.
We’ve yet joined the athletics team. already
1 Have you been wakeboarding already?
2 Annie already hasn’t tried out hockey.
3 I’ve still decided to do the course.
4 They yet haven’t left the shopping centre.
Present perfect with for and since
2 Choose the correct option.
5 Has Rob finished his homework still?
5 Rewrite the sentences with still, yet and already.
1 We’ve picked up a lot of new skills since
September / three weeks.
Mark has already learned to swim. (still)
2 The sales have been on for a week / last weekend.
1 Has Katie joined in with the team yet? (already)
3 Sandy has known about the news for months /
last year.
4 They’ve lived here for 2013 / two years.
5 I’ve started three new sports classes since
Christmas / three months.
Mark still hasn’t learned to swim.
2 Sam’s team has already caught up with Dylan’s team
in the football league. (yet?)
6 Alison has worn the dress three times since ages /
last Monday.
3 Has Nas taken up a new language yet? (still)
7 The antique shop has been in the family for 1950 /
two generations.
4 They’ve already been shopping. (yet?)
8 We haven’t had a holiday since 2009 / five years.
Present perfect questions with
how long
5 I still haven’t tried out my new sports gear. (already)
3 Write questions with How long for the answers.
They’ve lived in their house for ten years.
How long have they lived in their house?
Gramática Unit 3
93
Unit 3
3.1
Vocabulario
Money and shopping
afford (v) /əˈfɔːd/
bargain (n) /ˈbɑːɡən/
be worth (v) /ˌbi ˈwɜːθ/
borrow (v) /ˈbɒrəʊ/
brand (n) /brænd/
cost (v) /kɒst/
discount (n) /ˈdɪskaʊnt/
lend (v) /lend/
sale (n) /seɪl/
save up (phr v) /ˌseɪv ˈʌp/
shop online (v) /ˌʃɒp ˌɒnˈlaɪn/
waste (v) /weɪst/
3.1
Express it!
I’ve got my eye on …
We’re after …
3.2
Phrasal verbs and nouns: free-time
activities
archery (n) /ˈɑːtʃəri/
athletics (n) /æθˈletɪks/
catch up (with) (phr v) /ˌkætʃ
ˈʌp ˌwɪð/
join in (phr v) /ˌdʒɔɪn ˈɪn/
kayaking (n) /ˈkaɪækɪŋ/
miss out (phr v) /ˌmɪs ˈaʊt/
pick up (phr v) /ˈpɪk ˌʌp/
rock climbing (n) /ˈrɒk
ˌklaɪmɪŋ/
take up (phr v) /ˈteɪk ˌʌp/
trail biking (n) /ˈtreɪl ˌbaɪkɪŋ/
try out (phr v) /ˈtraɪ ˌaʊt/
wakeboarding (n) /ˈweɪkbɔːdɪŋ/
94
Unit 3 Vocabulario
Extra vocabulary
delicious (adj) /dɪˈlɪʃəs/
mild (adj) /maɪld/
nutritious (adj) /njuˈtrɪʃəs/
sour (adj) /ˈsaʊə(r)/
spicy (adj) /ˈspaɪsi/
sweet (adj) /swiːt/
3.3
Word builder
Phrasal verbs with up
fill up (phr v)
queue up (phr v) set up (phr v)
turn up (phr v) wash up (phr v) Extra vocabulary
customer (n) /ˈkʌstəmə(r)/
department store (n) /dɪˈpɑːtmənt ˌstɔː(r)/
fraction (n) /ˈfrækʃn/
gloves (n) /ɡlʌvz/
half-price (adj) /ˌhɑːf ˈpraɪs/
shop owner (n) /ˈʃɒp ˌəʊnə(r)/
souvenir (n) /ˌsuːvəˈnɪə(r)/
sports gear (n) /ˈspɔːts ˌɡɪə(r)/
3.1
3.3
3.4
Functional language
Reaching an agreement
I suggest (I, you, we, etc.) … (+ infinitive)
Why don’t we … (+ infinitive)?
Let’s / Shall we … (+ infinitive) (?)
We could … (+ infinitive)
What about … / How about … (+ -ing)?
I’m happy to … (+ infinitive)
That sounds like a good plan / great idea.
That works for me / doesn’t work for me.
That’s not a bad idea, but … . How about … ? (+ -ing)
That could be a bit difficult. What about … ? (+ -ing)
How does that sound?
Do we all agree?
Is everyone happy to go with that idea?
Unit 3
Vocabulary practice
1 Complete the crossword.
1
2
3
Across
1 Don’t … on the sales opportunity! (2 words)
5 Gareth’s jacket cost £100, but it isn’t … it!
4
6 I love designer … .
7 You should wear the correct sports… when
you take up a new sport.
5
Down
2 I … up £100 last term!
3 Ally should … the surfboard before
she buys it. (2 words)
4 It was a … – half-price!
6
7
5 Don’t … your money on things you don’t need.
2 Match the sports to pictures A–F.
archery athletics kayaking rock climbing trail biking wakeboarding
A 3 Translate the sentences.
1 We can’t afford to waste money on expensive brands.
2 Amy has worked in the clothes store for six years.
B
3 Aidan still hasn’t tried out all the different activities.
4 How long has Ellie been your customer?
5 Meena has done athletics since she was twelve.
C D
6 Have you picked up a lot of French since you moved
to Nice?
7 Have they tried that delicious local dish yet?
8 We’ve already spent a lot of money at the sales.
E F
Vocabulario Unit 3
95
Gramática
Unit 4
Present perfect and past simple
Uso
Present perfect
Afirmativa
Negativa
Interrogativa
I’ve just been to
Sydney.
I haven’t been to
Sydney.
Have I met you
before?
He / She / It has
already finished.
He / She / It hasn’t
finished yet.
Has he / she /
it finished yet?
We / They have
booked the flight.
We / They haven’t
booked the flight.
Have we / they
booked the flight?
Expresiones de tiempo
Already, yet, still, for, since.
Past simple
Afirmativa
Negativa
Interrogativa
I / You / He / She /
It / We / They
saw it.
I / You / He / She /
It / We / They
didn’t see it.
Did I / you / he /
she / it / we / they
see it?
Expresiones de tiempo
Yesterday, last night / week / year / month…, at six o’clock,
in the winter, two weeks ago, etc.
Uso
El present perfect se utiliza para describir hechos que
comenzaron en el pasado y siguen en la actualidad.
The Smith family has lived in Canada since 2013.
El present perfect también se emplea para hablar de
acontecimientos del pasado sin incluir referencias
temporales concretas.
They have tried all the games apps on their phones.
El past simple sirve para referirse a una acción o un
periodo de tiempo que se completó en el pasado.
The Smith family moved to Canada two years ago.
Las frases en past simple suelen incluir expresiones que
señalan momentos concretos del pasado: yesterday,
last night / week / year, at six o’clock.
Las frases en present perfect contienen expresiones
que especifican el momento en el que comenzó una
acción o describen un periodo de tiempo: since 2010,
for 10 years.
during and from … to
during + sust. We did lots of sightseeing during our holiday.
from … to
She worked hard from six to eight o’clock.
Uso Utilizamos “during + sustantivo” para describir el
periodo durante el cual se desarrolla una acción.
Se emplea “from … to” para indicar el principio y el
final de una acción.
96
Present perfect with ever, never, just
Unit 4 Gramática
Ever se utiliza en la interrogativa del present perfect
para preguntar si alguien ha hecho algo en algún
momento de su vida. Se coloca detrás de have / has y
el sujeto, y delante del participio pasado.
Has Pete ever visited his aunt in Canada?
Utilizamos never con el present perfect para decir que
no hemos hecho algo en nuestra vida. Se utiliza con la
forma afirmativa del verbo, y se coloca entre have / has
y el participio pasado.
They have never eaten Japanese food.
Just describe algo acaba de suceder. Se utiliza en frases
afirmativas, entre have / has y el participio pasado.
I’ve just spoken to Rachelle on the phone.
Subject and object questions
Preguntas relativas al sujeto
Who unplugged my laptop? I unplugged it, sorry!
What made that noise? His phone made a noise.
Which cable connects the TV? The red one connects the TV.
Para construir una pregunta relativa al sujeto, solo se
utiliza el verbo principal. La partícula interrogativa
hace referencia al sujeto.
Who unplugged the TV? Carl unplugged it.
Preguntas relativas al objeto
Who did you email about the issue? We emailed Jack.
What did you press? I pressed the on/off button.
When did you charge the battery? I charged it an
hour ago!
Para formular una pregunta sobre el objeto, utilizamos
un verbo auxiliar además del verbo principal. La
partícula interrogativa se refiere al objeto.
What did you buy? I bought a new mobile phone.
Uso
Se utilizan preguntas sobre el objeto para descubrir
dónde, cuándo, etc. alguien/algo hace/hizo algo.
Who did Martin Cooper call?
Where have you been?
Las preguntas sobre el sujeto sirven para preguntar
quién/qué hace/hizo algo. Se construyen con las
partículas who, what y which.
Who called you? What happened?
Which computer works better?
Unit 4
Grammar practice
Present perfect
Present perfect and past simple
1Write the words in the correct order to make
3Complete the sentences with the correct present
present perfect sentences. Use the correct form of
the verbs.
p
ick up / Harry / have / a lot of Bulgarian words /
already .
Harry has already picked up a lot of Bulgarian words.
1 have / an upsetting / have / Megan / experience .
perfect or past simple form of the verbs in brackets.
I charged (charge) my laptop during the movie
last night.
1 Maya
(text) me yet.
2 They
first Star Trek film in 1979.
(make) the
3 Kiran
(buy) a smartphone last weekend.
2 yet / my software / update / you / Have ?
4 I
already
(ask) them for technical support.
3 in an exam / be / since / Rebecca / 9 a.m. / have .
5 The Nigerians
talking drums since 2000 BC.
4 practise / still / our / have (not) / Italian / We .
6 We
phones.
4 Choose the correct option.
6 have / since / 2012 / Luke / in Cardiff / live .
1 Which film did Leah stream / streamed Leah to
her computer?
7 just / We / Spanish / have / learning / started .
2 What did confuse / confused you about the
teacher’s question?
8 have / sushi / never / eaten / I .
3 Who did you tell / you told about your problem?
4 Who did give / gave Joe a new phone for his
birthday?
Past simple
5 What did Adam say / Adam said that was
fascinating?
2Complete the sentences with the correct past
6 Which shop does sell / sells that new tablet device?
simple form of the verbs.
5Complete the object questions with the correct
arrive live move not buy not speak visit
They arrived in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, last night.
1 We
to your Uncle Jim last
night – he didn’t answer his phone.
2 Alex’s family
to Australia four years ago?
4 William
5 your class
science museum, too?
(buy) new mobile
Subject and object questions
5 ever / Moira and Ian / been / Have / to Spain ?
3 Marta’s parents
for six years from 2002 to 2008.
just
(play)
in Thailand
a laptop yesterday.
the
form of do and the subject questions with — .
Who – invited you to the party?
What did you bring to the party?
1 What message
the
talking drums communicate?
2 Who
you speak to about the problem
with your mobile phone?
3 What
4 How many people
the meeting?
5 What
bonnie mean in Scottish English?
came to
caused the accident on holiday?
Gramática Unit 4
97
Unit 4
4.1
Vocabulario
Adjectives: feelings
amusing (adj) /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/
annoying (adj) /əˈnɔɪɪŋ/
confusing (adj) /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/
embarrassing (adj) /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/
fascinating (adj) /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/
frightening (adj) /ˈfraɪtnɪŋ/
inspiring (adj) /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/
irritating (adj) /ˈɪrɪteɪtɪŋ/
motivating (adj) /ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪŋ/
relaxing (adj) /rɪˈlæksɪŋ/
upsetting (adj) /ʌpˈsetɪŋ/
worrying (adj) /ˈwʌriɪŋ/
4.1
Extra vocabulary
burst out laughing (v) /ˌbɜːst
ˌaʊt ˈlɑːfɪŋ/
gap (n) /ɡæp/
gesture (n) /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/
misunderstanding (n) /ˌmɪsʌndəˈstændɪŋ/
nod your head (v) /ˌnɒd jɔː(r)
ˈhed/
shake your head (v) /ˌʃeɪk jɔː(r)
ˈhed/
4.2
Verbs: technology
browse (v) /braʊz/
charge (v) /tʃɑːdʒ/
plug in (v) / unplug (v) /ˌplʌɡ ˈɪn, ˌʌnˈplʌɡ/
press (v) /pres/
scroll (v) /skrəʊl/
stream (v) /striːm/
swipe (v) /swaɪp/
switch off (v) / switch on (v) /ˌswɪtʃ ˈɒf, ˌswɪtʃ ˈɒn/
tap (v) /tæp/
text (v) /tekst/
update (v) /ʌpˈdeɪt/
4.3
Extra vocabulary
express (v) /ɪkˈspres/
hit (v) /hɪt/
invite (v) /ɪnˈvaɪt/
spread news (v) /ˌspred ˈnjuːz/
squeeze (v) /skwiːz/
warn (v) /wɔːn/
98
Unit 4 Vocabulario
4.3
Word builder
Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing
excited (adj) exciting (adj)
frightened (adj) frightening (adj) irritated (adj) irritating (adj) 4.4
Functional language
Asking for help on the phone
I’ve just bought … and I’ve got a problem with it.
Could you explain how to … (+ infinitive)?
Can you tell me … ?
Could you help me with … , please?
I need some help with …
Good afternoon … speaking
Could I speak to … , please?
I’m calling because …
Can I take your name, please?
Would you mind spelling that for me?
Thank you very much for your help.
Unit 4
Vocabulary practice
1Look at the map and the activities that Danny and James did on their day trip. Complete text
messages 1–4 that Danny and James sent home. Then match them to pictures A–D on the map.
annoying confusing fascinating relaxing
A
B
C
D
2 Choose the correct option.
3 Translate the sentences.
1 My grandparents have lived in Mallorca for years.
11:21
Mobile phone facts
91%
2 Who helped you install the new software?
3 We’ve warned people about the broken computer.
4 Have you switched my phone off? It’s not working.
5 I burst out laughing when Erica told us that joke!
6 Which music videos have you streamed recently?
Vocabulario Unit 4
99
Gramática
Unit 5
Past perfect
Modals of deduction
Afirmativa
Negativa
Interrogativa y
respuestas breves
Certeza
must
She / He must be the thief.
I / You / He / She /
It / We / They had
started.
I / You / He / She /
It / We / They
hadn’t begun.
Had I / you / he /
she / it / we / they
fallen?
Imposibilidad
can’t
She / He can’t be the thief.
Posibilidad
could / may / might
She / He might / may be the thief.
She / He could be the thief.
Yes, I had.
No, she hadn’t.
El past perfect se construye con had + el participio
pasado del verbo principal.
Utilizamos must para expresar certeza cuando
pensamos que algo es, sin duda, cierto.
Levi saw the crime, so he must know who did it.
Uso
Utilizamos el past perfect cuando estamos hablando
del pasado y queremos hacer referencia a un
momento anterior. La acción más reciente se expresa
en el past simple.
I thought I had locked the door, but I hadn’t.
Had you seen my note when I phoned?
El past perfect se utiliza para responder a preguntas
sobre el pasado encabezadas por How long?
How long had you been a detective when you
retired?
I’d been a detective for twenty years.
Relative pronouns
Pronombre relativo
Uso
who
hablar de las personas
which
referirse a objetos e ideas
where
hacer referencia a lugares
whose
expresar pertenencia
Uso
Los pronombres relativos concretan la persona, el
objeto, la idea o el lugar de los que estamos hablando.
Introducen información sin la cual la frase quedaría
incompleta, y aportan datos adicionales. Whose indica
que algo pertenece a alguien o algo.
The man who the police arrested was a mugger.
The new law which they introduced wasn’t
very popular.
The company where she works is in London.
That’s the girl whose dad was an imposter.
100
Uso
Unit 5 Gramática
El hablante considera lógicamente cierto que Levi
sabe quién es al autor del delito.
Can’t se utiliza para expresar algo que creemos que es
imposible o, sin duda, falso.
This can’t be Camilla’s house. She lives on the
next street.
Could, may y might se emplean para referirse a algo
que puede ser cierto.
Your keys could be in the cupboard.
Don't trust him – he may be a fraudster.
My mum might be at the supermarket, but I’m
not sure.
A veces utilizamos perhaps para hablar de algo que
posiblemente es cierto.
Perhaps you left your keys in the car.
Grammar practice
Unit 5
Past perfect
Relative pronouns
1 Complete the sentences and questions with the
3Complete the text with the correct relative pronouns.
correct past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
WANTED
Had he reported (report) the crime to the police?
1 He
(leave) his laptop on a train.
2 We
dishonest.
3 noises?
you
a man (1)
has escaped from the
police station. He is tall with dark brown hair
(2)
is very long. If you see this
man, please contact Detective Marlowe,
(3)
telephone number is below.
Please give the detective the address of the place
(4)
you saw the man. The general
public should stay away from this man – he’s a
man (5)
is very dangerous.
(hear) any strange
4 The police
5 We
FOR KIDNAPPING
(not realize) the man was
(speak) to local residents.
(not see) the ‘No parking’ sign.
2Complete the second sentence so that it means the
same as the first. Use the past simple and the past
perfect.
Detective P. Marlowe 07609 543 228
He worked as a lawyer. Then he became a judge
4 Choose the correct option.
Before he became a judge, he’d worked as a lawyer.
1 That’s the police station whose / where / who the
police asked Jonny questions yesterday.
1 The police found my bike, so they called me.
The police
.
2 Joe didn’t finish his work, so we couldn’t go out.
3 Jack is the thief who / which / whose stole my car.
We
.
3 I had a nice day. Then a mugger stole my bag.
a nice day.
6 The local residents couldn’t accept a law where /
which / who was unfair.
4 Everyone went home. Then we arrived at the party.
home.
5 The fraudster was a respected politician. Then he
went to prison.
a respected politician.
4 Wellington is the town which / who / where my
friend lives.
5 This is a film about an imposter whose / which /
who faked multiple identities.
2 She’s the woman where / whose / which husband is
a traffic warden.
Modals of deduction
5 Complete the dialogue with the words.
might can’t must
Detective Is that the man who stole from the
supermarket?
Woman
o he (1)
N
be the shoplifter
because he has blonde hair. The man who
be
did it had dark hair. It (2)
that man over there, but I’m not sure.
Detective Well he (3)
be here
somewhere – no one can leave because
we’ve locked all the shop doors.
Gramática Unit 5
101
Unit 5
5.1
Vocabulario
Criminals and crime fighters
armed robber (n) /ˌɑːmd ˈrɒbə(r)/
burglar (n) /ˈbɜːɡlə(r)/
detective (n) /dɪˈtektɪv/
fraudster (n) /ˈfrɔːdstə(r)/
judge (n) /dʒʌdʒ/
lawyer (n) /ˈlɔːjə(r)/
mugger (n) /ˈmʌɡə(r)/
murderer (n) /ˈmɜːdərə(r)/
police officer (n) /pəˈliːs
ˌɒfɪsə(r)/
private investigator (n) /ˌpraɪvət ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪtə(r)/
thief (n) /θiːf/
traffic warden (n) /ˈtræfɪk
ˌwɔːdn/
5.1
Crimes
arson (n) /ˈɑːsn/
blackmail (n) /ˈblækmeɪl/
burglary (n) /ˈbɜːɡləri/
credit-card fraud (n) /ˈkredɪt
ˌkɑːd ˌfrɔːd/
drug-dealing (n) /ˈdrʌɡ ˌdiːlɪŋ/
forgery (n) /ˈfɔːdʒəri/
identity theft (n) /aɪˈdentəti
ˌθeft/
kidnapping (n) /ˈkɪdnæpɪŋ/
mugging (n) /ˈmʌɡɪŋ/
pickpocketing (n) /ˈpɪkpɒkɪtɪŋ/
shoplifting (n) /ˈʃɒplɪftɪŋ/
smuggling (n) /ˈsmʌɡlɪŋ/
speeding (n) /ˈspiːdɪŋ/
vandalism (n) /ˈvændəlɪzəm/
102
Unit 5 Vocabulario
Extra vocabulary
business owner (n) /ˈbɪznəs
ˌəʊnə(r)/
ecologist (n) /iˈkɒlədʒɪst/
household (n) /ˈhaʊshəʊld/
lawmaker (n) /ˈlɔːmeɪkə(r)/
local council (n) /ˌləʊkl ˈkaʊnsl/
resident (n) /ˈrezɪdənt/
5.3
Express it!
make someone think twice
come clean about …
5.3
Word builder
Negative prefixes
illegal (adj)
illogical (adj) impossible (adj)
irresponsible (adj) unfair (adj) Extra vocabulary
arrest (v) /əˈrest/
black market (n) /ˌblæk
ˈmɑːkɪt/
case (n) /keɪs/
evidence (n) /ˈevɪdəns/
interview (v) /ˈɪntəvjuː/
suspicious (adj) /səˈspɪʃəs/
trap (v) /træp/
5.2
5.3
5.4
Functional language
Describing photos
at the bottom
at the top
behind
in the background
in the foreground
in the corner
in the middle
on the left
on the right
Perhaps
He / She can’t be
He / She could be
He / She may be
He / She might be
He / She must be
Vocabulary practice
Unit 5
1 Match 1–8 to A–H.
A
E
1 arson 2 armed robber 3 judge We have the secret
interview photos – what
other evidence can we get?
B
Please open your
suitcase, sir.
4 burglary 5 smuggling C
6 private investigator Give me the money
or I’ll shoot!
7 police officer 8 lawyer D
E
I’m taking you to the
police station with
me right now!
That house is on fire!
Who started it?!
F
My client isn’t guilty –
she didn’t do the crime!
G
H
My neighbour has just
called me – someone
is in my house!
2Find three people and three crimes in the
I sentence you to five
years in prison.
3 Translate the sentences.
wordsearch. The words can be vertical, horizontal
and diagonal.
1 The detective ran after the thief.
detective mugger pickpocketing shoplifting traffic warden vandalism
2 Sara is the woman who I met at the interview.
v
w
e
d
s
c
v
t
i
l
o
x
v
u
a
h
j
i
e
t
s
h
u
t
r
e
w
m
n
s
e
a
d
s
h
v
u
i
t
y
m
u
d
p
i
c
k
p
o
c
k
e
t
i
n
g
a
e
t
y
u
n
p
z
e
a
k
s
u
g
l
i
t
s
a
l
l
p
o
r
e
w
q
e
i
a
s
e
x
e
i
r
q
d
f
e
a
r
s
p
o
e
c
a
f
u
g
d
a
t
e
y
m
e
r
d
e
t
t
a
s
r
w
x
g
r
a
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
w
a
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d
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n
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u
k
l
e
w
n
v
s
k
y
b
l
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a
r
m
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e
w
g
r
e
n
e
i
y
s
3 The local residents helped the police officer with
the case.
4 She had always dreamed of becoming a lawyer.
5 He is the teacher whose wife is a local business owner.
6 That’s the room where they keep the evidence.
7 Here’s the credit card which the thief stole.
8 He was arrested for shoplifting.
Vocabulario Unit 5
103
Gramática
Unit 6
The present simple passive
The past simple passive
Afirmativa
Negativa
Afirmativa
Negativa
I’m woken up by the noisy
machine.
I’m not woken up by the
noisy machine.
I was informed by the teacher.
I wasn’t informed by the
teacher.
You’re woken up by the noisy You aren’t woken up by the
machine.
noisy machine.
You were informed by the teacher.
You weren’t informed
by the teacher.
He / She / It is woken up by
the noisy machine.
He / She / It isn’t woken up
by the noisy machine.
He / She was informed by
the teacher.
We / You / They are woken
up by the noisy machine.
We / They aren’t woken up
by the noisy machine.
He / She wasn’t
informed by the
teacher.
It was written by the teacher.
It wasn’t written by the
teacher.
We / They were informed by the
teacher.
We / They weren’t
informed by the
teacher.
El present simple de la voz pasiva se construye con
sujeto + present simple de be + participio pasado.
Construimos la negativa con sujeto + present simple de
be + not + participio pasado.
Uso
La voz pasiva se utiliza para describir lo que le ocurre
al sujeto. Las frases en pasiva destacan la acción, que
es más importante que la persona que la realiza. El
agente de la acción a menudo se omite en la forma
pasiva, bien porque es evidente de quién se trata, o
bien porque ese dato no es importante.
Interrogativa
Respuestas breves
El past simple de la voz pasiva se construye con sujeto +
past simple de be + participio pasado.
Construimos la forma negativa con sujeto + past simple
de be + not + participio pasado.
Hockey was taken to Canada by European immigrants.
Modern snowboards weren’t used until 1965.
Interrogativa
Respuestas breves
Afirmativa
Negativa
Was I informed by the
teacher?
Yes, I was.
No, I wasn’t.
Yes, you were.
No, you weren’t.
Afirmativa
Negativa
Am I helped by
them?
Yes, I am.
No, I’m not.
Were you informed by
the teacher?
Are you helped by
them?
Yes, you are.
No, you aren’t.
Was he / she / it informed Yes, he / she /
by the teacher?
it was.
No, he / she /
it wasn’t.
Is he / she / it
helped by them?
Yes, he / she / it is.
No, he / she / it
isn’t.
Were we / they informed
by the teacher?
No, we / they
were.
Are we / they
helped by them?
Yes, we / they are.
No, we / they
aren’t.
La forma interrogativa del presente de la voz pasiva
se construye con present simple de be + sujeto +
participio pasado.
Am I invited to the meeting? Yes, you are.
Is glass recycled here? No, it isn’t.
Yes, we / they
were.
La forma interrogativa del pasado de la voz pasiva se
construye con past simple de be + sujeto + participio
pasado.
Where were hamburgers invented?
Was all the rubbish buried?
No, it wasn’t. Most of it was recycled.
used to + infinitive
Afirmativa
My dad used to play football when he was
younger.
Negativa
We didn’t use to recycle our rubbish, but we
do now.
Interrogativa Did you use to watch a lot of cartoons when
you were a child?
Uso
Utilizamos “used to + infinitivo” para referirnos a estados
o hábitos del pasado que ya no se dan. En la forma
negativa no se utiliza used to, sino use to.
104
Unit 6 Gramática
Unit 6
Grammar practice
The present simple passive
The past simple passive
1Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
4Complete the sentences with the correct past simple
verb be to make present simple passive sentences.
These shoes are made by hand.
thrown away in our house in the
1 Paper
normal bin – it’s recycled.
used to
2 Up to three litres of water
sold
produce a one-litre bottle that
in shops.
left switched on at
3 Our computers
night. We switch them off.
given on
4 Recycling suggestions
the website.
2Complete the present simple passive sentences and
questions with the correct form of the verbs.
buy not protect recycle reuse sell wear
Are lots of second-hand books sold in charity shops?
against
1 The local river
pollution – it’s horrible!
old clothes which people donate
2 by other people?
every week.
3 Glass
old bike parts
in
4 new bikes?
5 The reusable bags in our shop
by lots of people.
3 Choose the correct option.
1 Does the council save / is saved a lot of money by
using solar panels?
2 A lot of natural resources use / are used to
make clothes.
3 Today, ice hockey plays / is played in lots of
northern European countries.
4 Some supermarkets don’t use / aren’t used
plastic bags.
5 In England, some old buildings preserve / are
preserved by the National Trust.
6 Are many forests destroyed / destroy to make
furniture?
passive form of the verbs.
T he first mobile phone with a camera was sold (sell) in
Japan in 2000.
1 When
the first email
(send)?
2 snowboards
before surfboards?
(invent)
3 Our house
dad and his friends.
(build) by our
4 We
homework last week.
5 in France?
(not give) any
the Statue of Liberty
(build)
5Rewrite the sentences in the correct affirmative (✓),
negative (✗) and question (?) forms of the past
simple passive.
Basketball was invented by James Naismith. (?)
Was basketball invented by James Naismith?
1 The fish was cooked in the oven. (✗)
2 Was that information taken from their website? (✓)
3 The rules were written by the older students. (✗)
4 Andy’s bike was found in the neighbour’s garden. (?)
5 Were these houses built in 1888? (✓)
6Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative
(✓), negative (✗) and question (?) form of used to and
the verbs in brackets.
People didn’t use to throw away (throw away) so
much rubbish. (✗)
1 People
housework. (✓)
2 Where
3 There
town. (✗)
4 I
(spend) more time on
you
(live)? (?)
(be) so many houses in our
(ride) my bike to school. (✓)
Gramática Unit 6
105
Unit 6
6.1
Vocabulario
Verbs: environment
bury (v) /ˈberi/
destroy (v) /dɪˈstrɔɪ/
dump (v) /dʌmp/
poison (v) /ˈpɔɪzn/
pollute (v) /pəˈluːt/
preserve (v) /prɪˈzɜːv/
protect (v) /prəˈtekt/
recycle (v) /riːˈsaɪkl/
reduce (v) /rɪˈdjuːs/
reuse (v) /ˌriːˈjuːz/
save (v) /seɪv/
throw away (v) /ˌθrəʊ əˈweɪ/
6.1
6.3
goal (n) /ɡəʊl/
ice rink (n) /ˈaɪs ˌrɪŋk/
pass (v) /pɑːs/
slide (v) /slaɪd/
spectator (n) /spekˈteɪtə(r)/
trophy (n) /ˈtrəʊfi/
6.3
6.3
automatic (adj) – manual (adj)
/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk, ˈmænjuəl/
convenient (adj) – inconvenient (adj)
/kənˈviːniənt, ˌɪnkənˈviːniənt/
efficient (adj) – inefficient (adj)
/ɪˈfɪʃnt, ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃnt/
fixed (adj) – portable (adj)
/fɪkst, ˈpɔːtəbl/
heavy (adj) – light (adj)
/ˈhevi, laɪt/
high-quality (adj) – low-quality (adj) /ˈhaɪ ˌkwɒləti, ˈləʊ ˌkwɒləti/
practical (adj) – impractical (adj)
/ˈpræktɪkl, ɪmˈpræktɪkl/
reliable (adj) – unreliable (adj)
/rɪˈlaɪəbl, ˌʌnrɪˈlaɪəbl/
time-saving (adj) – time-consuming (adj) /ˈtaɪm ˌseɪvɪŋ,
ˈtaɪm kənˌsjuːmɪŋ/
useful (adj) – useless (adj)
/ˈjuːsfl, ˈjuːsləs/
106
Unit 6 Vocabulario
Word builder
Compound nouns
ice hockey (n)
ice rink (n)
ice skates (n)
spectator sports (n)
sports coach (n)
sports trophies (n) summer sports (n) Extra vocabulary
Adjectives: technology
Express it!
Give it a go!
accessory (n) /əkˈsesəri/
belt (n) /belt/
earring (n) /ˈɪərɪŋ/
handbag (n) /ˈhændbæɡ/
necklace (n) /ˈnekləs/
ring (n) /rɪŋ/
6.2
Extra vocabulary
6.3
Learn it!
football pitch /ˈfʊtbɔːl ˈpɪtʃ/
hockey stick /ˈhɒki ˌstɪk/
6.4
Functional language
Talking about food
How is it cooked?
It’s cooked on the grill / in the oven / in a pan.
What’s that made with? What does it come with? / What is it served with?
It comes with … / It’s served with …
What has it got on / in it?
It’s got … on / in it
That smells / looks / sounds / tastes …
I don’t like the smell / look / sound / taste of that!
I’m fond of … / not very fond of …
I’m keen on / not very keen on …
… are favourites / is a favourite of mine.
I can’t resist …
Unit 6
Vocabulary practice
1 Match the adjectives to the speech bubbles in pictures 1–4.
high-quality light portable time-saving
1
I can do
two things at the
same time.
It’s strong
and made of good
materials!
2
3
I can
carry it anywhere
in the house.
They don’t
weigh much!
4
2 Cross out the verb that doesn’t go in the sentence.
You should … energy.
A save
1 Were the new, reliable computers installed last week?
B buryC reduce
1 Some town councils … rubbish.
A bury
3 Translate the sentences.
B recycleC preserve
2 Belts are recycled and made into dresses in that shop
in Camden! But they are heavy dresses!
2 The factories in the town … the river.
A throw away
B poisonC pollute
3 Aluminium necklaces are going to be very popular.
3 Ecologist organizations try to … the rainforest.
A protect
B preserveC dump
4 What’s that handbag made from?
4 All the neighbours … glass.
A poison
B recycleC reuse
5 The trophy was given to the champion by the judge.
5 Electric cars will … the environment.
A protect
B saveC recycle
6 The new sports coach used a more efficient
training system.
Vocabulario Unit 6
107
Unit 7
Gramática
will, be going to and the future
continuous
will
Afirmativa
Negativa
I / You / He / She / It / We /
They will walk.
I / You / He / She / It / We /
They won’t walk.
Interrogativa
Will I / you / he / she / it / we / they walk?
Uso
Utilizamos will y won’t para predecir o dar nuestra
opinión sobre el futuro.
We’ll have a good time at the weekend.
be going to
Afirmativa
Negativa
I’m going to dance.
I’m not going to dance.
He’s / She’s / It’s going to
dance.
He / She / It isn’t going to
dance.
We’re / You’re / They’re going
to dance.
We / You / They aren’t going
to dance.
Interrogativa
Am I going to swim?
Is he / she / it going to swim?
Are we / you / they going to swim?
Uso
Be going to sirve para describir intenciones y planes de
futuro.
We’re going to go rock climbing at the weekend.
Future continuous
Afirmativa
Negativa
I / You / He / She / It / We /
They will be working.
I / You / He / She / It / We /
They won’t be working.
Interrogativa
Will I / you / he / she / it / we / they be working?
Uso
Utilizamos el future continuous para referirnos a
acciones que se estarán desarrollando en un momento
concreto del futuro. Estas frases a menudo incluyen
expresiones encabezadas por in y at.
We’ll be playing professionally in a few years’ time.
Present tenses with a future meaning
Uso
El present simple con valor de futuro se utiliza para
hablar de horarios.
The train leaves in ten minutes.
Utilizamos el present continuous para hablar de cosas
que hemos planeado para el futuro inmediato.
I’m playing football this afternoon.
some-, any-, no-, everyAfirmativa
a thing
something
all things
everything
no things
nothing
There is something in
the fridge.
We’ve got everything
we need for the trip.
Nothing was said in the
meeting.
(in) a place
somewhere
(in) all places
everywhere
(in) no places
nowhere
We want to go
somewhere hot.
I looked everywhere for
my book.
There’s nowhere to stay.
a person
someone,
somebody
all the people
everyone,
everybody
no person
no one, nobody
Ask someone to help
you.
Negativa e
interrogativa
anything
I haven’t eaten
anything.
Is there anything
in the cupboard?
anywhere
David hasn’t been
anywhere today.
Do you want to
go anywhere?
anyone, anybody
Kate didn’t tell
Everyone wants to meet
anyone.
the winner.
Did anybody
phone?
Nobody has mowed the
lawn.
Uso
Los pronombres indefinidos se utilizan para referirse a
objetos, personas, etc. sin decir exactamente de qué o
de quién se trata.
Los pronombres indefinidos suelen ir seguidos de
un verbo en singular; sin embargo, cuando se hace
referencia a esos pronombres, el verbo va en plural.
Everybody here plays sport. They are all talented.
Nothing y no one / nobody funcionan como sujeto de
frases negativas. El verbo que les sigue va en afirmativa.
Nobody liked the bedroom in the House of the Future.
Somewhere, anywhere, everywhere y nowhere son
adverbios, y no pronombres indefinidos; por eso no se
pueden utilizar como sujeto u objeto de una frase.
108
Unit 7 Gramática
Unit 7
Grammar practice
will, be going to and the future
continuous
1Complete the sentences with the correct will or be
some-, any-, no-, every4 Complete the mini-dialogues with the words.
anything everything nothing something
going to form of the verbs.
join not compete not play visit watch
1
W
e aren’t going to play on Saturday morning because
our coach is abroad on holiday.
B N
o! I’ve got (1)
to give Ella! I
forgot to buy her present!
1 Do you think Kay
the gym to improve her strength?
A W
ell, you should buy (2)
difficult, because she’s got (3)
2 Mike and Dan
the House of the Future exhibition tomorrow.
3 Shana thinks that she
in the athletics championships next month.
4 Phil
again tonight.
the video of the football final
2
1 Will Sarah be left work at 4.30 today?
2 My parents won’t go to the World Cup final at
the weekend.
3 Choose the correct option.
1 We won’t / aren’t going to have a Biology class
tomorrow – we’re going on a school trip instead.
A W
e want to go (4)
hot for our
holiday but we don’t want to go
(5)
which is full of tourists.
B What about somewhere in Asia? There’s
(6)
more exciting than Thailand!
is amazing in Asia –
But then, (7)
I love all of it!
continuous sentences.
4 I will be living in my own house at a few years
from now.
, but it’s
!
anywhere everywhere nowhere somewhere
2Correct the underlined mistakes in the future
3 I won’t be vacuum the carpet in my room at
7.00, that’s for sure. I be watching the final.
A H
ave you bought anything for Ella’s birthday
yet?
anybody everybody nobody somebody
3
AIs there (8)
who can help me?
who knows
I want to speak to (9)
something about computers.
BI’m sorry, there’s (10)
the moment. (11)
you call back later, please?
available at
is busy. Can
5 Choose the correct option.
2 The players will be waiting / will wait to start the
match at this time tomorrow.
1 Have you got … that I can wipe the worktops with?
3 Our flight arrives / is arriving at 10.00 a.m.
2 … has mopped the floor. It’s dirty!
4 Robots won’t / aren’t going to replace humans in
the future – that’s my opinion anyway!
A Anybody
5 The team won’t be taking / won’t take part in the
tournament in France in June.
A nothing
6 Ahmed believes people will / are going to lose their
strength in the future because of computers.
7 When are you playing / do you play your match?
8 What time does / will your train leave?
A something
B nothing
C anything
B NobodyC Somebody
3 Kate has done … – you’ve done nothing!
B anything
C everything
4 I rang the bell twice, but there wasn’t … at home.
A anybody B nobody
C everybody
5 I can’t find my bag … .
A anywhere
B nowhere
C somewhere
Gramática Unit 7
109
Unit 7
7.1
Vocabulario
Health and fitness
accuracy (n) /ˈækjərəsi/
balance (n) /ˈbæləns/
beat (v) /biːt/
compete (v) /kəmˈpiːt/
coordination (n) /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃn/
draw (v) /drɔː/
flexibility (n) /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/
improve (v) /ɪmˈpruːv/
speed (n) /spiːd/
stamina (n) /ˈstæmɪnə/
strength (n) /streŋθ/
take the lead (v) /ˌteɪk ðə ˈliːd/
7.1
Extra vocabulary
7.2
carpet /ˈkɑːpɪt/
folder /fəʊldə(r)/
7.3
Jobs around the home
change the sheets (v) /ˌtʃeɪndʒ
ðə ˈʃiːts/
close the blinds (v) /ˌkləʊz ðə
ˈblaɪndz/
do the washing (v) /ˌduː ðə
ˈwɒʃɪŋ/
empty the bin (v) /ˌempti ðə
ˈbɪn/
mop the floor (v) /ˌmɒp ðə
ˈflɔː(r)/
mow the lawn (v) /ˌməʊ ðə
ˈlɔːn/
set the table (v) /ˌset ðə
ˈteɪbl/
vacuum the carpet (v) /ˌvækjuəm ðə ˈkɑːpɪt/
wash the dishes (v) /ˌwɒʃ ðə
ˈdɪʃɪz/
wipe the worktop (v) /ˌwaɪp
ðə ˈwɜːktɒp/
Extra vocabulary
cutting-edge (adj) /ˌkʌtɪŋ ˈedʒ/
post (v) /pəʊst/
profile picture (n) /ˈprəʊfaɪl
ˌpɪktʃə(r)/
share (v) /ʃeə(r)/
status update (n) /ˈsteɪtəs
ˌʌpdeɪt/
upload (v) /ʌpˈləʊd/
7.3
Word builder
-ing forms as a subject
find out (v) – finding out (n) get up (v) – getting up (n) set up (v) – setting up (n) work (v) – working (n) challenge (n) /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/
penalty (n) /ˈpenəlti/
referee (n) /ˌrefəˈriː/
score (v) /skɔː(r)/
tournament (n) /ˈtʊənəmənt/
7.2
Learn it!
7.4
Functional language
Making travel arrangements
How do I get to … from … ?
How many stops is that?
How much is the fare?
Which platform does the train to … go from?
How often do the trains go to … ?
Can I get a ticket on the train?
Would you like a window or an aisle seat?
Has anyone interfered with your bags since you
packed them?
Do you have any hand luggage?
110
Unit 7 Vocabulario
Unit 7
Vocabulary practice
1 Match the verbs to pictures A–H.
2 Choose the correct option.
change close empty mow set vacuum wash wipe
A
B
the lawn
C
D
the carpet
E
the table
the dishes
F
An exciting game today between Sallow Grange School
and Hill School ended 2–2. Sallow Grange took the
(1) draw / lead after five minutes thanks to a goal from
their number 9. But then Hill School managed to (2) draw
/ compete, thanks to a penalty – at first, the Hill player
lost his (3) coordination / balance and fell over. But the
same Hill player then managed to take the penalty and,
with incredible (4) accuracy / lead, scored the perfect
goal! 1–1! Hill School (5) improved / balance a lot
after that penalty and quickly scored their second goal.
However, Sallow Grange’s players had good (6) stamina
/ flexibility and didn’t give up – they managed to score
another goal in the last two minutes of the game. Final
score: 2–2. Congratulations – both teams (7) strength /
competed very well today!
3 Translate the sentences.
1 I think Rovers will beat Rangers.
2 We’re going to record our speed with this cuttingedge technology!
the blinds
G
H
the sheets
3 Who is going to do the washing?
4 Alison doesn’t think she’ll have time to upload the
video today.
5 Will Andy accept Ray’s challenge?
6 Kylie won’t get the train at 10 a.m. – she’s too late!
the bin
the worktops
7 They aren’t going to go anywhere this summer.
Vocabulario Unit 7
111
Unit 8
Gramática
The first conditional
Afirmativa
Negativa
Afirmativa
If I / you go to the party,
I’ll / you’ll see Joshua.
If I / you don’t go to the party,
I / you won’t see Joshua.
If I / you got up earlier, I / you If I / you didn’t go to bed late,
would be on time.
I / you wouldn’t be so tired.
If he / she / it helps,
things will be easier.
If he / she / it doesn’t help,
things won’t be easier.
If we / you / they study hard,
we’ll / you’ll / they’ll go to
university.
If we / you / they don’t study
hard, we / you / they won’t
go to university.
If he / she / it acted well,
he / she / it would get a
good review.
If he / she / it didn’t act
badly, he / she / it wouldn’t
get a bad review.
If we / they did more sport,
we / they would be fitter.
If we / they didn’t do sport,
we / they wouldn’t be very
fit.
Interrogativa
If you go to the party, will you see Joshua?
If he /she / it helps, will things be easier?
If we / they study hard, will they go to university?
El condicional de primer grado se construye con if +
sujeto + present simple, + will / won’t + infinitivo. En
general, se utilizan las formas contractas.
La proposición encabezada por if también puede ir en
la segunda parte de la oración.
Uso
Utilizamos el condicional de primer grado para
describir el resultado de una posible situación en el
futuro.
If you ask Liam, he’ll help you.
If we don’t rescue these cubs, they won’t survive.
You’ll upset your friends if you are too competitive.
A veces se utiliza unless en lugar de if … not.
He won’t tell you about his problems unless you
insist.
= He won’t tell you about his problems if you don’t
insist.
Unless you speak slowly, I won’t understand you.
= If you don’t speak slowly, I won’t understand you.
will for promises
Uso
Will se utiliza para formular promesas.
(I promise) I’ll arrive on time tomorrow.
(We promise) We’ll be home by 10.00 p.m tonight.
Cuando nos disculpamos, a menudo utilizamos will
para prometer que algo no volverá a suceder, o que la
situación va a mejorar muy pronto.
I promise it won’t happen again.
We’ll do better next time.
112
The second conditional
Unit 8 Gramática
Negativa
Interrogativa
If you got up earlier, would you walk to school?
If he / she / it acted well, would he / she / it get a good
review?
If we / they studied more, would we / you / they do better at
school?
El condicional de segundo grado se construye con if +
sujeto + past simple, + would / wouldn’t + infinitivo. En
general, se utilizan las formas contractas.
La proposición encabezada por if también puede ir en
la segunda parte de la oración, sin que el significado
cambie.
If Mark had a mobile phone, I’d call him.
Carine would make up with Nigel if he apologized.
La forma interrogativa se construye colocando una
partícula interrogativa al comienzo de la proposición
encabezada por would.
What would you upload if you had a website?
If you had a website, what would you upload?
Uso
Utilizamos el condicional de segundo grado para
describir situaciones imaginarias en el presente o en el
futuro, así como sus resultados
If Maria was here, she would tell us what she thinks.
En las condicionales de segundo grado, a veces se
utiliza were en lugar de was.
If I were richer, I would buy a football club.
Grammar practice
Unit 8
The first conditional
The second conditional
1Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative
4 Choose the correct option.
or negative form of the verbs in brackets.
If we buy (buy) a dog, you ’ll have to (have to) help look
after it.
1 If I
(not feel) better.
2 You
(not sleep) now, I
1 If I were / would be rich, I’d travel the world.
2 What did / would you do if you had more time?
3 If you met / would meet Sue, you would like her.
5 Match 1–4 to A–D.
(make) lots of friends if we
(move) to a different city – don’t worry!
1 I wouldn’t put up with D
Jake’s bad behaviour
A would he call me
selfish?
(not do) better next
(not work) harder.
2 Who would Pippa
turn to B I wouldn’t speak to
him very often.
3 Tim
time if he
4 If we
we
(take) umbrellas,
(not get) wet.
2Complete the first conditional questions with the
correct question form of the verbs.
arrive attack happen invite make up see
3 If I didn’t help him out,
4 If Steve didn’t call me,
C if she had a problem?
D if he were my friend.
6Complete the sentences with the correct form of
these verbs and the verbs in brackets.
buy know not finish say
If we go to Africa, will we see any wild animals?
What would your parents say if we met up (meet up)?
1 ‘ What
exam?’ ‘You’ll have to repeat it!’
1 The teacher
if I don’t do the
2 If I
some friends home for a sleepover,
what will Mum and Dad say?
2 We
if we
3 What will happen if we
3 If you
you only
4 the bear
5 Amy and Mike
late to class?
if we make a noise?
if they fall out?
3 Write first conditional sentences and questions.
If / you / not walk / the dog today / it / become / lazy.
If you don’t walk the dog today, it will become lazy.
1 What / your grandma /do / if / she / not see / you /
this afternoon?
(tell) us off if we
the homework.
(apologize) to Steve
where he was.
(have) a lot of money,
expensive brands?
will for promises
7 Choose the correct option.
1 I won’t / will forget your birthday this year!
2 I promise I’ll / won’t study hard for the exam.
3 Sorry we are late – we ’ll / won’t be late tomorrow.
unless
2 The cat / get angry / if / you / put / it / in the bath!
3 If / you / give / me / your phone number / I / phone /
you.
4 If / we / watch / the documentary / we / learn /
anything?
8 Write sentences using the correct tense of the verbs.
1 Unless / we leave now / we miss / the train.
2 She / not come / unless / you ask / her.
3 Unless / you do / your homework / you not improve
Gramática Unit 8
113
Unit 8
8.1
Vocabulario
Adjectives: personalities
charming (adj) /ˈtʃɑːmɪŋ/
competitive (adj) /kəmˈpetətɪv/
generous (adj) /ˈdʒenərəs/
jealous (adj) /ˈdʒeləs/
lazy (adj) /ˈleɪzi/
loyal (adj) /ˈlɔɪəl/
proud (adj) /praʊd/
selfish (adj) /ˈselfɪʃ/
sensible (adj) /ˈsensəbl/
sensitive (adj) /ˈsensətɪv/
strong (adj) /strɒŋ/
stubborn (adj) /ˈstʌbən/
talkative (adj) /ˈtɔːkətɪv/
thoughtful (adj) /ˈθɔːtfl/
unpredictable (adj) /ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəbl/
vain (adj) /veɪn/
8.1
Extra vocabulary
abandoned (adj) /əˈbændənd/
cub (n) /kʌb/
endangered (adj) /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/
furry (adj) /ˈfɜːri/
handler (n) /ˈhændlə(r)/
rescue (v) /ˈreskjuː/
8.1
Express it!
They won’t hang around 8.3
Extra vocabulary
battle (n) /ˈbætl/
independence (n) /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/
intimidate (v) /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/
peace (n) /piːs/
rule (v) /ruːl/
violence (n) /ˈvaɪələns/
8.3
Word builder
Noun suffixes 2
difference (n)
diversity (n)
happiness (n) independence (n) sadness (n) tolerance (n) violence (n) 8.3
Learn it!
assist /əˈsɪst/
attend /əˈtend/
8.3
Functional language
Apologizing
I apologize for …
I’m so sorry.
I am really sorry about …
Sorry, it was all my fault.
8.2
Phrasal verbs: relationships
fall out (v) /ˌfɔːl ˈaʊt/
get on with (v) /ˌɡet ˈɒn ˌwɪð/
look up to (v) /ˌlʊk ˈʌp ˌtuː, tə/
make up (v) /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/
pick on (v) /ˈpɪk ˌɒn/
put up with (v) /ˌpʊt ˈʌp ˌwɪð/
tell off (v) /ˌtel ˈɒf/
turn to (v) /ˈtɜːn ˌtuː, tə/
114
Unit 8 Vocabulario
I’ll do better next time.
It won’t happen again.
Next time I’ll remember to … (+ infinitive)
That’s all right.
Never mind.
Don’t worry about it.
Unit 8
Vocabulary practice
1 Look at this picture of four neighbours. Match two adjectives to profiles A–D.
competitive generous jealous proud sensible sensitive stubborn talkative
[please style as a profile of 4 students – perhaps students who all live on the same
avenue – base map with roads and houses - ce illustrative. Head and shoulders of
students
A Amy likes playing tennis and
loves winning – she hates
A
losing! Danny beat her in a
recent competition and she was
really annoyed – she wanted
to be the winner! She always
wants what other people have!
They aren’t talking now because
Danny thinks she’s selfish.
B Danny doesn’t ever accept
or listen to other people’s
opinions. He thinks he is always
right and doesn’t ever admit
he’s wrong! Jay thinks Danny
is very insensitive, and they
always fall out and argue.
C
C Nick is very well-behaved and
always does the right thing.
He does his homework at the
[a/w115a–d: Head and shoulder shots of four
right time and he always helps
teenagers to go with the texts: 2 girls, and 2 boys.
Jay when she can’t do her
[A/w115a: Amy – loves playing tennis – picture of
teenager playing tennis looking concentrated and
schoolwork – he’s happy to
competitive]
lend her his books and notes
all the time. Jay thinks Nick is
[a/w115b: Jon – teenage boy who’s
very inspiring – everything is
very studious and helps other people do
easy for him!
their homework. Picture of him doing
his homework at a study desk – looking
studious and hard-working.]
B
[a/w115c:
Jay – picture of a sociable but
caring teenage girl chatting away to her D Jay is very sociable and
friends - people like to confide in her, so
loves chatting to friends all
she has a friendly and caring face]
the time. People who meet
[a/w115d: Danny – picture of a boy
Jay always say she’s very
looking stubborn – arms crossed and
friendly. Amy loves talking
frowning ]
to her when she has any
114 x 109 mm
problems – Jay is a good
listener and always cares
about other people’s feelings.
3 Translate the sentences.
1 If Danny was more thoughtful, he wouldn’t fall out
with Jay.
2 What will happen if they don’t make up soon?
3 Endangered species won’t survive if we don’t
protect them.
2Answer the questions with the names of the people
in exercise 1 – Amy, Nick, Jay or Danny.
4 If the police dogs didn’t have special handlers, they
would be quite unpredictable and dangerous!
1 Who doesn’t Jay get on with?
2 Who does Amy turn to when she needs help?
5 Nick won’t help you unless you ask him.
3 Who does Jay look up to?
4 Who did Danny fall out with?
6 If you told Ryan off, would he listen to you?
Vocabulario Unit 8
115
Unit 9
Gramática
Reported statements
Estilo directo
Estilo indirecto
Alice: ‘I like listening to jazz.’
Alice told me that she liked listening to jazz.
Susan: ‘My parents often participate in charity
campaigns.’
Susan said that her parents often participated in
charity campaigns.
Uso
Utilizamos el estilo indirecto para contarle a alguien lo que ha dicho otra persona.
Diversos verbos introducen el estilo indirecto; los más utilizados son say y tell.
Un complemento sigue siempre a tell, pero nunca a say.
Detrás de say y tell se puede utilizar that, aunque no es obligatorio.
Tom said (that) there was a demonstration for peace that afternoon.
Anne told me (that) they needed more volunteers for their fundraising event.
Al pasar del estilo directo al estilo indirecto, los tiempos verbales cambian,
p. ej. el present simple se convierte en past simple.
Students: ‘We organize a charity sports day at school every year.’
The students said that they organized a charity sports day at school every year.
Otros elementos también cambian en el estilo indirecto:
Ali and Tom: ‘We plan to work as volunteers at the hospital next month.’
Ali and Tom told me that they planned to work as volunteers at the hospital the following month.
He aquí algunos de los elementos que cambian:
pronombres sujeto y objeto:
I ➞ he / she we ➞ they me ➞ her / him us ➞ them
adjetivos posesivos:
my ➞ his / her our ➞ their
expresiones de tiempo:
next (week, year, etc.) ➞ the following (week, year, etc.)
today ➞ that day
expresiones de lugar:
here ➞ there / this ➞ that / these ➞ those
Reported commands, offers and suggestions
Pasamos las órdenes al estilo indirecto con “told + complemento + (not) to + infinitivo”.
Dad: ‘Wear a waterproof coat.’
Dad told me to wear a waterproof coat.
Mum: ‘Don’t come home too late.’
Mum told me not to come home too late.
Ponemos los ofrecimientos en el estilo indirecto con “offered + to + infinitivo”.
Finley: Would you like me to sponsor you?
Finley offered to sponsor me.
Para pasar las sugerencias al estilo indirecto, utilizamos “suggested + that + infinitivo”.
Jared: ‘Why don’t we organize a cake sale?’
Jared suggested that they organize a cake sale.
Detrás de suggested, no se puede añadir el infinitivo.
Jared suggested to organize a cake sale.
Pero sí es posible añadir la forma en -ing después de suggested.
He suggested organizing a cake sale.
116
Unit 9 Gramática
Unit 9
Grammar practice
Reported speech 1: statements
Reported speech 2: reporting commands,
offers and suggestions
1Match reported statements 1–5 to direct
statements A–E. Then complete 1–5 with the
correct form of the verb.
1 She said she
4 Choose the correct option.
1 He offered to give / that he gave me a lift home.
. 2 She said that the charity
2 She told me stop / to stop talking.
. 3 I suggested that we tried / try a different shop.
4 My dad told my sister not to be / to be not late home.
3 She told us that elderly people often
. 4 She said the shop
5 She told us they
5 I offered lend / to lend him my notes from class.
6 She suggested to organize / that we organize a petition.
. . 5Write the words in the correct order to make reported
commands, offers and suggestions.
told / to / outside / wait / us / he .
He told us to wait outside.
A ‘Elderly people often feel lonely.’
B ‘We don’t have enough volunteers.’
1 a coat / me / told / to / wear / my mum .
C ‘I work in a charity shop.’
D ‘The charity helps elderly people.’
2 coffee / a / offered / make / Jayne / me / to .
E ‘The shop doesn’t raise a lot of money.’
2Choose the correct option to complete the report.
Yesterday, a woman from a wildlife charity came
to talk to us at school. She (1) said / told that the
charity helped to protect endangered species.
She (2) said / told the audience that some people
didn’t donate money to animal charities. She (3)
said / told that a lot of people believed humans
were more important. She also (4) said / told some
animals were more popular than others. She (5)
said / told the students that the charity believed all
endangered species were important. Susie (6) said /
told her that she planned to start her own blog the
following week to generate publicity.
4 in the corridor / not / run / the head teacher / told / to / us .
5 her dress / lend / me / to / my sister / offered .
6 to the cinema / suggested / we / go / Gemma / that .
6Complete the reported commands, offers and suggestions.
‘Would you like me to show you the way?’
3Read the report in exercise 2 again and complete
the direct speech.
She offered to show me the way.
1 ‘Write your names on the front of the exam paper.’
He told
‘The charity helps to protect endangered species.’
.
1 ‘Some people
.’
2 ‘A lot of people
3 ‘Some animals
3 a campaign / Patrick / start / that / suggested / we .
2 ‘I’ll answer the door for you.’
He offered
.
.’
3 ‘Why don’t you wear your red jeans to the party?’
.’
She suggested
.
4 ‘Don’t cry.’ He told
.
4 ‘The charity
.’
5 ‘I plan
.’
Gramática Unit 9
117
Unit 9
9.1
Vocabulario
Charity actions
campaign (n) /kæmˈpeɪn/
contribute (v) /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/
donate (v) /dəʊˈneɪt/
donation (n) /dəʊˈneɪʃn/
fundraising (n) /ˈfʌndreɪzɪŋ/
persuade (v) /pəˈsweɪd/
petition (n) /pəˈtɪʃn/
protest (n) /ˈprəʊtest/
publicize (v) /ˈpʌblɪsaɪz/
raise money (v) /ˌreɪz ˈmʌni/
sponsor (v) /ˈspɒnsə(r)/
volunteer (v) /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/
9.1
9.3
flee (v) /fliː/
immigrant (n) /ˈɪmɪɡrənt/
import (n) /ˈɪmpɔːt/
originate (v) /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/
persecution (n) /ˌpɜːsɪˈkjuːʃn/
refugee (n) /ˌrefjuˈdʒiː/
9.3
Extra vocabulary
Adjectives: fashion
casual (adj) /ˈkæʒuəl/
delicate (adj) /ˈdelɪkət/
fashionable (adj) /ˈfæʃnəbl/
full-length (adj) /ˌfʊl ˈleŋθ/
hard-wearing (adj) /ˌhɑːd
ˈweərɪŋ/
loose (adj) /luːs/
old-fashioned (adj) /ˌəʊld
ˈfæʃnd/
patterned (adj) /ˈpætənd/
soft (adj) /sɒft/
stylish (adj) /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/
tight-fitting (adj) /ˌtaɪt ˈfɪtɪŋ/
waterproof (adj) /ˈwɔːtəpruːf/
9.2
Learn it!
last /lɑːst/
latest /ˈleɪtɪst/
118
Unit 9 Vocabulario
Word builder
Prefixes over- and underovercharge (adj)
overcook (adj)
overdevelop (adj)
overpay (adj)
overpriced (adj) undercharge (adj)
undercook (adj) underdevelop (adj) underpay (adj) underpriced (adj) accompany (v) /əˈkʌmpəni/
boundary (n) /ˈbaʊndri/
busker (n) /ˈbʌskə(r)/
edit (v) /ˈedɪt/
tuition (n) /tjuˈɪʃn/
viral (adj) /ˈvaɪrəl/
9.2
Extra vocabulary
9.4
Functional language
Explaining advantages, disadvantages and
reasons
… is a great way to … (raise money / get publicity / etc.)
One advantage / disadvantage of that idea is …
The main benefit of this suggestion is …
The main problem with that idea is …
Can you explain why?
The reason I think that is because …
What are your reasons for suggesting that?
Why do you think that?
Unit 9
Vocabulary practice
1 Match the adjectives to pictures A–F.
2Match verbs 1–8 to actions A–H.
full-length hard-wearing loose patterned tight-fitting waterproof
B
A
1 donate
D
C
E Asomeone to run a marathon
2 publicize
B name on a petition
3 volunteer
Cprotest
4 raise
Da campaign
5 sponsor
E clothes to a charity
6 sign your
F to help
7 organize
Gmoney for charity
8 start a
Han event in the newspaper
3 Translate the sentences.
1 Penny always wears old-fashioned clothes.
2 A concert is a great way to raise money for charity.
3 She said that my new jeans were very stylish.
F
E
4 He told us to wear our waterproof jackets.
5 Anoraks have been fashionable for many years.
6 Jayne prefers clothes which are really casual.
7 The video is going to publicize our campaign.
8 She suggested that we organize a government
protest.
Vocabulario Unit 9
119
Verbos irregulares
Infinitive
be
become
begin
break
build
burst
buy
catch
come
cost
do
drink
drive
eat
fall
feel
find
flee
fly
get
give
go
hang
have
hide
hit
know
learn
leave
lend
lose
make
meet
mow
put
read
ride
run
say
see
sell
send
set
shake
sit
sleep
slide
speak
spend
spread
swim
take
teach
tell
think
throw
wear
write
120
/bi/
/bɪˈkʌm/
/bɪˈɡɪn/
/breɪk/
/bɪld/
/bɜːrst/
/baɪ/
/kætʃ/
/kʌm/
/kɒst/
/duː/
/drɪŋk/
/draɪv/
/iːt/
/fɔːl/
/fiːl/
/faɪnd/
/fliː/
/flaɪ/
/ɡet/
/ɡɪv/
/ɡəʊ/
/hæŋ/
/hæv/
/haɪd/
/hɪt/
/nəʊ/
/lɜːn/
/liːv/
/lend/
/luːz/
/meɪk/
/miːt/
/məʊ/
/pʊt/
/riːd/
/raɪd/
/rʌn/
/seɪ/
/siː/
/sel/
/send/
/set/
/ʃeɪk/
/sɪt/
/sliːp/
/slaɪd/
/spiːk/
/spend/
/spred/
/swɪm/
/teɪk/
/tiːtʃ/
/tel/
/θɪŋk/
/θrəʊ/
/weə(r)/
/raɪt/
Verbos irregulares
Past simple
was / were
became
began
broke
built
burst
bought
caught
came
cost
did
drank
drove
ate
fell
felt
found
fled
flew
got
gave
went
hung
had
hid
hit
knew
learnt / learned
left
lent
lost
made
met
mowed
put
read
rode
ran
said
saw
sold
sent
set
shook
sat
slept
slid
spoke
spent
spread
swam
took
taught
told
thought
threw
wore
wrote
/wɒz / wɜː(r)/
/bɪˈkeɪm/
/bɪˈɡæn/
/brəʊk/
/bɪlt/
/bɜːrst/
/bɔːt/
/kɔːt/
/keɪm/
/kɒst/
/dɪd/
/dræŋk/
/drəʊv/
/eɪt/
/fel/
/felt/
/faʊnd/
/fled/
/fluː/
/ɡɒt/
/ɡeɪv/
/went/
/huŋ/
/hæd/
/hɪd/
/hɪt/
/njuː/
/lɜːnt / lɜːnd/
/left/
/lent/
/lɒst/
/meɪd/
/met/
/məʊd/
pʊt/
/red/
/rəʊd/
/ræn/
/sed/
/sɔː/
/səʊld/
/sent/
/set/
/ʃʊk/
/sæt/
/slept/
/slɪd/
/spəʊk/
/spent/
/spred/
/swæm/
/tʊk/
/tɔːt/
/təʊld/
/θɔːt/
/θrʊː/
/wɔː(r)/
/rəʊt/
Past participle
been
become
begun
broken
built
burst
bought
caught
come
cost
done
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
felt
found
fled
flown
got
given
gone / been
hung
had
hidden
hit
known
learnt / learned
left
lent
lost
made
met
mown
put
read
ridden
run
said
seen
sold
sent
set
shaken
sat
slept
slid
spoken
spent
spread
swum
taken
taught
told
thought
thrown
worn
written
/bɪːn/
/bɪˈkʌm/
/bɪˈɡʌn/
/ˈbrəʊkən/
/bɪlt/
/bɜːrst/
/bɔːt/
/kɔːt/
/kʌm/
/kɒst/
/dʌn/
/drʌŋk/
/drɪvn/
/ˈiːtn/
/ˈfɔːlən/
/felt/
/faʊnd/
/fled/
/fləʊn/
/ɡɒt/
/ˈɡɪvn/
/ɡɒn / biːn/
/huŋ/
/hæd/
/ˈhɪdn/
/hɪt/
/nəʊn/
/lɜːnt / lɜːnd/
/left/
/lent/
/lɒst
/meɪd/
/met/
/məʊn/
/pʊt/
/red/
/ˈrɪdn/
/rʌn/
/sed/
/siːn/
/səʊld/
/sent/
/set/
/ʃeɪkn/
/sæt/
/slept/
/slɪd/
/ˈspəʊkən/
/spent/
/spred/
/swʌm/
/ˈteɪkən/
/tɔːt/
/təʊld/
/θɔːt/
/θrəʊn/
/wɔːn/
/ˈrɪtn/