1. No category

Anabel Hernández
Narcoland: The Mexican Drug Lords and Their Godfathers
Page numbers in bold indicate glossary location.
Persons with nicknames or pseudonyms are listed under both names.
Acapulco and Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo, war in, 211–14
Acosta, Marieclaire, 143
Acosta, Nahúm, 214–15, 216–17
Acosta, Pablo, 14, 18, 42, 93
Acosta Chaparro, General Mario Arturo, 233–6,
302, 313–14
Adato Green, Victoria, 76
Aero Abastos, 94, 318n10
Aerotonala, 175–6
AFI (Agencia Federal de Investigación), 333
at airports, 288–9
Cárdenas, García Luna, and Millán in, 224–6
and El Chapo, 196, 209–10, 326n27
for The Federation, 205, 214–20, 245, 251
García Luna's appointments to, 222–3, 238–9
kidnapping investigations / collusion, 226–30,
257
led by García Luna, 116, 156, 169, 174, 205,
310
officers demonstrate against corruption, 263
under Secretariat's jurisdiction, 248–9
and Los Zetas, 212–14
See also García Luna; PF; PFM; PGR; PJF
Aguilar, Aitza, 277
Aguilar, Jesús, 244
Aguilar Garzón, Antonio, 336
evidence and testimony of, 150–52, 154–5
at Puente Grande, 119–21, 129–35, 150,
320n29
sent to Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 152
Aguilar Guajardo, Rafael, 83, 94
Aguilar Padilla, Jesús, 183, 251
Aguilar Zínser, Adolfo, 143
Águilas Negras (Black Eagles), 173
AICM (Mexico City International Airport), 249–
50, 283–6, 288, 330n19, 333
Alanís, Attorney General Agustín, 76
Aldana-Ibarra, Miguel, 51
Alegre Rabiela, Alejandro (Cisen), 133–4, 320n33
Almoloya de Juárez prison, 102, 104
Álvarez, Gerardo (El Indio), 281, 305
Álvarez del Castillo, Enrique, 12, 16, 18–20, 43,
93
Álvarez Machain, Humberto (gynaecologist), 58
Álvarez Nahara, General Guillermo, 27–32, 189,
202, 324n53, 337
Álvarez Tostado, Juan José, 177
Álvarez Tostado, Juan José (El Compadre), 111,
177
Amezcua organization, 177
Anáhuac Financial Group, 113, 181
Andrade, Julián, 38
Andrade Bojorges, José Alfredo (lawyer), 14, 16,
22, 315n2, 315n4
El Apá (Ortiz, Sergio Humberto), 222, 228–30,
257–60, 343
Aponte, Sergio, 172
Arellano Félix, Benjamín and Ramon, 178, 231,
315n5, 337
Arellano Félix organization
airstrip, 171
assasination attempt on Carrillo Fuentes, 171
assasination attempt on El Chapo, 35–36
and Baja California govenor, 316n6
El Chapo at war with, 85, 178
El Chapo (original statement) on, 316n6
collapse of, 178–80
family / background, 10, 69–70
government protection of, 32
and Lupercio brothers, 106
and Posadas killing, 10, 40
Arévalo Gardoqui, General Juan, 57, 68, 92
Arias, Carlos (Cisen), 133, 154
Arroyo Guízar, Richard (María Fernanda), 337
on AICM Aviones' hangar, 283–4
on Aviones, 286
on Bayardo and Garay, 269–73
on Ramos and González re federation split, 289
on SSP/AFI officials collusion, 288–90
Artz, Sigrid, 316n5
ASERCA Agricultural Marketing Services and
Support, 174
AUC: United Self-Defense of Colombia, 172–3,
192, 333
Ávalos Barriga, Enrique, `89
Avianca Flight 203, 78
Ávila Beltrán, Sandra (Queen of the Pacific), 188
Avilés, Rafael, 222, 303
Avilés Pérez, Pedro (León de la Sierra), 67, 337
Aviones, S.A., 283–90, 330n19
avionessa.net, 330n19
Ayala Aguirre, José, 221
Azcárraga, Emilio, 160, 257, 284
Azcona Hoyo, José, 70
El Azul. See Esparragoza Moreno, Juan José
Balderas Álvarez, Mario, 119
Banamex, 31, 111–12, 138, 170, 321n4
Banca Confía, 284
Banco Confía, 111
Bancomer, 111
banners (warnings), 183–4, 251–2
Barajas, José (El Veneno), 114
El Barbas. See Beltrán Leyva, Arturo
La Barbie. See Valdez Villareal, Edgar
Bargueño Urías, José Javier, 164, 170
Barreda, Luis de, 64
Barrios, César, 301
Barrón, Óscar, Quintero (guard), 174
Barry and 'the boys' (Hopsicker), 317n7
Bartlett Diaz, Manuel, 42, 51, 68
Bastida Gallardo, Jorge, 113
Bayardo del Villar, Edgar Enrique (El Jumex), 337
arrest of, 266
and El Ray during shootout, 264
execution of, 275–6
on González, 288
Maria Fernanda on, 269–73
named Deputy Director by García Luna, 239
and Poveda, 261–2
as protected witness Tigre, 269–73
Beltrán, Miguel Ángel, 116, 124
Beltran, Pancho, 35
Beltrán Arredondo, Manuel, 117, 159–60, 337
Beltrán Leyva, Alfredo (El Mochomo), 169–70,
241–2, 248–9, 323n17, 337
Beltrán Leyva, Arturo (El Barbas), 337
and El Chapo, 164, 241–2, 248–51
described, 165–67
execution of, 279–81
with Gulf Cartel, 205–6
at Hector's mansion, 215–16
in Juarez Cartel, 172–4
and Lazcano, 247
meeting with Los Zetas Guzmán Decena, 206
and Moraila, 175
payroll beneficiaries, 280–1
and Quintero as deputy, 174
raids on houses of, 250
recordings of officials, 256
at traffickers meeting, 177
US, operations in, 173
and Vicente Carrillo, 110
and Villarreals (La Barbie and El Grande),
207–9, 305, 310, 312
warning banners of, 252
Los Zetas arrangement, 247, 249
Beltrán Leyva, Gloria, 165
Beltrán Leyva, Héctor (El Ingeniero, El Elegante,
El H), 167–9, 214–15, 299, 302, 305, 337
Beltrán Leyva brothers, 337
after Escobar, 78
background, 162, 165–9
and El Chapo war, 248–52, 319n17
for The Federation in Guerroro state, 211–14
recordings of officials, 216
untouchable, 220
and Valle del Norte Cartel, 168
on Vicente's reign, 192
workforce for Carrillo Fuentes, listed, 170
Beltrán Santana, Leonardo, 337
on Aguilar's sanctions, 130–33
at Christmas party, 140
connivance for sexual intimidation, 124, 128
contfronting 3 guards, 142–3
during 'escape,' 137–8, 145, 148–50
during Fox presidency, 138–9
imprisoned for 'escape,' then freed, 150, 152,
155–6
Morfin on pervasive corruption, 144, 150
as Puente Grande warden, 104, 114, 119
Los Tres meeting, 134–5
Beltrones, Alcides, 172
Beltrones, Manlio Fabio, 40, 172, 338
Benítez Treviño, Humberto, 93
Bernabé, Juan José, 48, 55, 57
Berrellez, Héctor (DEA), 338
on CIA and drug trade, 58
on González Calderoni, 100, 318n12
Operation Leyeda, 47, 51–52
“report of investigation,” 48, 56
El Beto (Quintero Meraz, Albino), 170–71, 174
Black Eagles (paramilitary group), 173
Boland Amendment, 49
Brazo Armado (Armed Wing) (film), 208
Bribiesca Sahagún, Manuel, 100, 189, 338
Brigas, Fernando, 171
Brooklyn Federal Court, 189
The Brotherhood (La Hermandad), 222, 303
Buendía Tellezgirón, Manuel (journalist), 51–53,
316nn7–8, 338
Burgos Araujo, Ignacio, 84
Burillo, Benjamín, 284
Burillo Azcárraga, Alejandro, 284
Buscaglia, Edgardo, 242, 291–9, 307, 328n15
Bush, George H. W., 48, 50, 60, 68, 76
Los Caballeros Templarios (Knights Templar),
331n1
Cabañas, Lucio, 75
Cabeza de Vaca, Daniel AG, 213–14, 230
Calderón, Felipe
La Barbie on, 310
and Camilo's death, 276–9
contracts with Aviones, 286
crime speech, 236–7
era of, 306–8
on Garay, 267
on García Gaxiola, 174
and García Luna, 109, 196, 232, 273, 279, 304
identifying El Azul's properties, 191
interview 'message' from El Mayo, 185–6, 187
and Labastida, 118
and Marisela Morales, AG, 262
on Millán, 254
Mouriño and General X to broker peace, 233
and Pinochet compared, 307
Ramírez Peyro (Lalo) on, 195–6
and Tello, 156, 235
and US criticism on El Chapo, 82–83, 85
US on, 82–83, 85, 274–6
and Valáques Corona, 285, 330n16
'war on drugs,' 239–43, 282–3, 296, 298
Calderón, José Inés, 180
Cali Cartel, 30, 94, 111
California Mexican Mafia, 204
Calles, Beatriz, 161
Camacho Solis, Manuel, 92
Camarena, Enrique (El Kiki), 338
Álvarez accused of torture of, 58
Berrellez on, 58
El Paso building named after, 255
kidnapping of, 41–47, 54, 57
murder of, 48, 53, 57, 74, 316n1
murder trial, 54–57, 91, 317n13
Camberos Rivera, Francisco Javier (El Chito),
146–7, 152–3, 176, 338
Cambio (magazine), 77
Cambrón, Miguel Ángel, 120–21
Camil Garza, Jaime, 113–14, 208, 338
Camilo Mouriño, Juan (Interior Secretary), 233–4,
236, 267, 276–9, 342
camp, for contra training, 55–56
Campos, Octavio, 149
Cañas, Rebeca, 91
Cancún airport, 289
El Canicón (Talamantes, Sigifredo), 260
Cárdenas Gamboa, Francisco, 243–4
Cárdenas Guillén, Antonio Ezequiel, 158, 211, 241,
338
Cárdenas Guillén, Osiel (Gulf Cartel), 203–6, 338
Cárdenas Palomino, Luis (El Pollo), 338
AFI commander, 209
airport drug coordinator, 290
ceremony for, 304
and El Chapo, 125, 338
with García Luna, 221–6, 238
during Lazcano’s Ixtapa operation, 211–12
as Lorena González's boss, 258
during Povedo abuses, 262
with Los Sinaloas, 114
subpoenaed, 268
Villarreal on, 305
Cárdenas Solórzano, Cuauhtémoc, 118, 138
Caro Quintero, Rafael (El Príncipe), 338
background, 165
and Camarena, 41–47, 53, 54, 74, 316n1
El Chapo on, 36
CIA camp training, 51
on Felix Gallardo, 54, 317n12
Harrison on, 58–59
intelligence agency friends of, 191
Supreme Court prosecutor link, 76
in US's Iran Contra operation, 49
Carpizo McGregor, Jorge, 37–38, 93, 98, 188, 338
Carrasco, Diódoro, 115, 157
Carrillo Fuentes, Amado (El Señor de los Cielos),
339
and Andrade (lawyer), 14
and El Azul, 191
background, 17–22, 33
and El Barbas Beltran Leyva, 166
Bayardo on, 270
bodyguard, 170–1
Castro on, 110
El Chapo working for, 10, 15, 83–84, 94–5,
159–60
Ciudad Juárez control, 93
compared with Vicente, 192–4
death, and successor jostling, 109–13, 177,
319n10
and Don Neto, 18, 33, 42
elite connections / protection, 22, 95–7, 106–9,
111–13
Escobar's successor, 78, 94
and General X, 233
and El Güero Palma, 105
in Historia secreta del narco, 315n2
and Iguala massacre, 88
The Informer on, 69–70
on Posadas murder, 15–17
mentioned, 89, 105, 159, 170, 176, 179, 188,
193, 205, 234, 282, 287
Carrillo Fuentes, Rodolfo (El Niño de Oro), 192,
193–4, 242, 339
Carrillo Fuentes, Vicente (El Viceroy), 339
after Amado's leadership, 110–11
after El Barbas death, Beltrán Leyva alliance,
281–2
and Amado's son, 113
background, 192–4
El Chapo on, 242
in The Federation, 180
and Lalo Ramírez Peyro, 194–6
at traffickers meeting, 176–8
Carrillo Leyva, Vicente (Amado's son) (El
Ingeniero), 112–13, 279, 319n12, 339
Carrillo Olea, General Jorge, 339
and Alegre, Cisen in Puente Grande, 133
on Carrillo Fuentes, 16
El Chapo arrested (1993), 9–14, 23–26, 27–28,
235
on El Chapo's confessions, 29–31, 37–39
on El Chapo's narco-payroll, 92
and Coello, 20
on González Calderoni, 97–98
interviewed by author, 5, 23, 37–39, 315n1
on Mexican army generals, 315n1
in planning meeting, 40
under Salinas, Investigation and Security, 20–
21, 93
mentioned, 68, 114
"cartel," term origin, 63–64
Carter, Jimmy, and Tower Commission, 50
Cash, Theodore, 55
Castañeda, Jorge, 273
Castaño Gil, Carlos (AUC), 172–3
Castaño Gil, José Vicente (El Profe), 170, 172–3,
339
Castillejos, Marcos, 221
Castillo Alonso, Juan, 102
Castro, Fidel, 110
Ceja, Justo, 109, 110
Cemex, 152
Cendro (Center for Drug Control Planning), 11–12,
14, 25, 30, 333
Central American migrants, 303
Cervantes, Hector, 57
Cervantes Aguirre, Brigadier General Enrique, 106,
107–09, 202, 339
César (El Chapo's son), 34, 146
El Chacho (García, Dionicio), 205–06
Los Chachos (armed detachment), 207
El Chapo. See Guzmán Loera, Joaquín
chauffeur (Paredes family), 259
Chávez, Arturo, 280, 303
El Chino (León Aragón, Rodolfo), 39, 64, 85–89,
92, 98, 342
El Chipilón (García Gaxiola, Rodolfo), 171–2, 174
El Chiquilín (Hernández Nájar, Roberto), 96, 99
El Chito (Camberos Rivera, Francisco Javier),
146–7, 152–3, 176, 338
Christine discotheque, 10, 30, 36, 85
El Chuta (Ramos, Edgar), 289
CIA
arms smugglers / traffickers relations, 51–56,
78–79
Berrellez on drug trade of, 58
and Boland Amendment, 49
as Camarena's murderers, 55
drug trade as political weapon for, 181
on Guatemalan guerrilla training, 47–48
and Iran Contra, 5, 48–50, 70–74, 296, 316n3
and Medellín Cartel links, 77
and Miguel Nazar (DFS), 56, 67
and narcos of Veracruz, x
1956-68, in Mexico, 59–61
on Seal, 74, 317n6
and Setco airline, 71
spokesman Mansfield on non-involvement, 48
Torre Blanca's testimony, 73
See also DEA; Harrison, Lawrence; US
government Commissions
Cisen (Center for Investigation and National
Security), 333
files on traffickers, 241, 328n11
during Fox administration, 138
monitoring Puente Grande prison, 133, 154
officers join AFI, 210
set up by Carrillo Olea, 20–21, 93
Citigroup, and Banamex merger, 138, 321n4
Ciudad Juárez, 93, 281–2
Clinton, Bill, 72, 99
Clouthier, Manuel (PAN politician), 183
CNDH (National Human Rights Commission), 66,
142–3, 320n25, 333
Cocaine Politics (Scott and Marshall), 317n2
El Cochiloco (Salcido, Manuel), 35, 53, 343
Cockburn, Leslie and Andrew, 317n18
Coello Trejo, Javier, 16–17, 19–20, 23, 105, 339
Cohen Bisu, Abraham, 88
El Colín (Reyes, Gerardo Colín), 258
El Coloche (Laija, Ramón), 87
Colom, Álvaro, 295
Colombia
Arturo and Castaño Gil links, 172–3
AUC, 172–3, 192, 333
Cali Cartel, 30, 94, 111
diplomat from, on García ultimatum, 275
US cable on, 265
Valle del Norte Cartel, 168, 262
Colombians, raids on, 261–2
Colosio, Luis Donaldo, 172, 174, 323n23
Commandante Lore, 257–8, 259–60, 329n25
Commandante Zero (Pastora, Edén), 52, 317n10
El Compadre (Álvarez Tostado, Juan José ), 111,
177
Compostela team, 84–85
Conagua (National Water Board), 186
Consan (company), 284
consolidation, of cartels, 178, 298–9
Contras
Pastora as leader, 317n10
Seal and, 72
and US, 48–55, 59–61
See also CIA; Iran Contra operation; Reagan;
US government
Córdoba, José María, 40
Coronel, Emma, 243, 328n16
Coronel, Raymundo, 188
El Coronel (Tinoco, Marcos), 227
Coronel Villarreal, Ignacio (Nacho and El Rey del
Cristal), 177, 187–9, 243–4, 299–301,
328n16, 339
Cortés Ortiz, Jesús (guard), 147
Costilla, Jorge Eduardo (El Coss), 204, 211, 241,
339
Creel, Santiago, 138, 143
"Crime of the Century" (USA Today), 317n16
Cruz, Roberto, 303
Cruz Méndez, Jorge, 266, 271
Cuba, 75, 110
Cuenca Ríos, Hermenegildo, 64
Dallas Morning News (TV show), 218
Dávila, Patricia (journalist), 328n16
DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration), 333
on banks / money laundering, 111–12
on bases, to Berrellez, 58
on Buendía Tellezgirón death, 51–53
and Camarena, 41–48, 56–58, 91, 255
on Carrillo Fuentes, 94, 110
Carrillo Olea on, 98
and El Chapo, 83, 179, 195
CIA arms/drugs smuggling report, 52–53
Coronel Villareal infiltration, 158–60
discovers Beltrán Leyva / Los Pinos link, 214–
16
and Fox, 172, 179, 195, 231
on Garay, 256, 273
and García Luna, 237, 306, 310
and González Calderoni protection, 98, 100
and González Quirarte, El Flaco, 106, 319n3
in Iran Contra operation, 49
leak on Calderón, 83, 318n12
report on links (1982-88), 75–76, 111–12
Rodríguez brothers investigation, 189
and Seal, 72–74
and Segoviano, protected witness, 89
tip-off to PGR on Colombians, 168–9
and Toledo Corro, 319n16
de Jesús Briseño, José, 146
de Jesús Cortes, José, 114
de la Cruz, José Luis (guard), 139–40
de la Madrid Hurtado, Miguel, 43, 57, 68, 75–76,
92–93, 316n8
Delaye, Bruno, 161
del Mazo, Alfredo, 51, 316n8
Desierto de los Leones operation, 261–3
DFS (Federal Security Directorate), 333
Díaz, Antonio (guard), 146–48
Díaz Ordaz, Gustavo, 59, 64
Dillon, Sam, 98, 318n12
di Portanova, Baron and Baroness, 161
“dirty money.” See money laundering
"dirty war" (1970s), 28
Domínguez, Alejandro, 217
Doña Aurora, 193–4
Doña Consuelo (El Chapo's mother), 162–4
Don Neto. See Fonseca Carrillo, Ernesto
Dorador, Rodolfo (senator), 244
Doublecrossed (film), 317n5
“dream team,” El Barbas's, 170–71
"Drug Wars" Part 2 (Frontline), 318n13
DTOs (drug trafficking organizations), US on,
296–7
Echeverría Álvarez, Luis, 336
on CIA's payroll, 59
and Fox, 159
during presidency, 36, 64–65, 68
Segoviano link, 90–91
Zuno Arce link, 48, 56
Echeverría Zuno, Luis Eduardo, 90–91
El Búfalo ranch, 41
employees, government officials as, 195–6, 294
Equihua, Marco Antonio (kidnapping victim), 259
Escobar, Pablo, 340
and CIA, 60–61, 72, 74, 77–79, 296
death of, 94
DEA vs CIA on, 74
and El Chapo, 30
and Félix Gallardo, 54, 76–79
Forbes magazine on, 160
and Seal, 72
See also Medellín Cartel
Escolta Suicida (Suicide Bodyguard), 199–200
Esparragoza Moreno, Juan José (El Azul), 340
alliance with Carrillo Fuentes, 94
background, 165–66, 190–1
interest in Guanajuato / airport for shipments,
159
leader in The Federation, 180, 205, 301
proposes council after Amado, 177
as "strategic priority no. 2," 241, 242
and Tostado Felix, 115–17, 159–60, 250
on truce meeting (2007), 245
on Vicente Carrillo Fuentes, 110, 192
war agaimst Gulf cartel, 205, 245–6
mentioned, 1, 17, 20, 21, 67
Espino, Sergio, 58
Espinosa de Benito, Armando, 222, 305
Espinoza, Patricia, 273
Evans-Pritchard, Ambrose, 74, 318n8
Excélsior (newspaper), 51, 52
The Executioner El Verdugo, 200–204
executions of "old guard," 93–94
extradition to US, fear of, 141
La Familia Michoacana, 310, 331n1
fatherhood, to traffickers, 83
Fausto Zamorano, General, 286
FBI
on Beltrán, Esparragoza, and Guzmán blood
ties, 165
Carrillo Fuentes on wanted list, 109
on Esparragoza, 190–1
on Garay, 256, 273
Iran-Contra investigation, 50
on Nacho Coronel, 187, 300
report on Zetas, Zetitas, Zetas wannabes, 204,
231
on Sinaloa Cartel, 282
Federal Environmental Protection Agency
(Profepa), 189
Federal Judicial Police (PJF), 39–40, 64–70, 170,
210, 224–5, 334. See also AFI; Álvarez
Nahara; Bayardo; Caro Quintero; García
Luna; González Calderoni; Puente Grande
prison; Zambada García
Federal Ministerial Police (PFM), 219, 334
Federal Police (PF), 263, 290, 303, 305, 313, 334
Federal Police Day, 304
Federal Preventative Police (PFP), 334
Federal Security Directorate (DFS), 333
The Federation
aiding US with El Mayo, 184
attacks on Zetas, 203
employees' confusion, after split, 251, 289
and Fox presidency, 231
growth of, 176, 179–80
and Gulf Cartel war, 24, 57, 205
import / distribution services for, 190
leaders of, 180
Los Pinos contact, 214–15
Félix Gallardo, Gloria, 86
Félix Gallardo, Miguel Ángel, 340
arrested, 20–21, 30, 33, 53, 77
during Camarena murder, 43–47, 74
Caro Quintero on, 42, 54
and El Chapo, 33, 35, 83
CIA pacts with, 60–61
family murders, 85–88
Guadalajara group, 17–19, 33, 43
Harrison on, 53, 54–55
The Informer on, 69–70
and intelligence agency, 191
interview with journalist Osorno, 157
and Medellín / Rodríguez Gacha link, 71, 73,
74
in US's Iran Contra operation, 49, 54–55, 76–77
waning of, 106
mentioned, 7, 48, 67, 94, 112
Félix López, José Luis, 87
Fernández de Cevallos, Diego, 113, 303
Fernández López, Jaime, 150
Fernández Ruiz, Luis Francisco, 135, 139, 155,
340
Fierro Chávez, Sergio, 170, 171, 172, 175–76
Fino Restrepo, Teodoro (La Gaviota), 262
El Flaco (González Quirarte, Eduardo), 106–8,
319n3
La Flor (The Flower), 227–9, 257
Flores Sánchez, Jaime (guard), 141
Fonseca Carrillo, Ernesto (Don Neto), 340
as Amado's uncle, 33
background, 17–18, 67, 165
and Camarena, 41–48, 54, 57, 74, 316n1
and CIA, 60
in Commission reports, 49
and Harrison, 53, 55–56
and intell agency friends, 191
Los Fontaneros (The Plumbers), 121–4
Fontes, Valencia, 124, 137–8, 146–8
Forbes (magazine), 11, 85, 160
Fort Benning, Georgia, 202
Fox, Vicente
and airport administration, 285–6
and anti-kidnapping squad, 226–8, 257–8
on Beltrones's links, 172
DEA investigation of, 159, 231
Dorador (PAN senator) on, 244
and Echeverria, 159
and El Chapo protection, 140–1, 158–9, 168,
178–9
election of, 118
and The Federation, 99–100, 159–60, 174, 189,
217, 231
as "government of change," ix, 138–9, 159, 232,
237
on legalization and "dialogue," 306
and Macedo, 235
México Seguro program, 214–20
and Olegario Vázquez Raña, 96
during Puente Grande escape, 147, 149, 152
Ramirez Peyro on, 195–7
and Sahagún, 96, 149, 159, 189, 220
and Sinaloa Cartel, 99–100, 159–60, 200, 266
support for El Mayo, 185–6
and Villanueva, 112
Yunes promotion, 157–8
See also García Luna, Genaro
Frida (film), 168
Frontline (TV news show), 100, 318n12
El Frutilupis (Garza Palacios, Javier), 209, 221,
225–6, 238, 341
FSLN (Sandinista National Liberation Front), 48,
76, 317n10
Fuentes, José Luis, 188
"A Fugitive Lawman Speaks" (Dillon), 318n12
GAFE (Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales),
201, 202–3, 333
Galán, Luis Carlos, 77
Galce Constructora, 89–90, 94
Gallardo, José Luis (El Güero) (Blondie), 44, 54,
340
Galván, General, 286–7
Galván Lara, Juan (chauffeur), 106–06
Gamboa, Emilio, 40, 92
Garay Cadena, Víctor Gerardo, 340
attempts to cheat traffickers, 260–2
Bayardo on, 266, 272–3
corruption exposed / dismissed, 265–7
in "inner circle," 210, 223, 239, 260–1
María Fernanda on, 273
Pequeño on, 267
Pitufo on, 260–1
at Povedo's, 261–2
“triple anti-corruption credentials” of, 256, 273
Valdez (letter) on, 313
video recordings of, 239, 256
García, Dionicio (El Chacho), 205–06
García, Fidel, 114
García Ábrego, Juan, 69, 97–98, 112, 340
García Gaxiola, Filemón, 174
García Gaxiola, Rodolfo (El Chipilón), 171–2, 174
García Luna, Genaro, 340
as accomplice with traffickers, 7, 179, 196, 282,
302–4
airport protection of, 249, 288
during attempt on Tostado's life, 116
Aviones contracts, 287
background, 93–4, 221–3
and Beltrán Leyva brothers, 169, 213–14
and Calderón, 133–34, 196, 232, 237–8, 275–6,
279
Cárdenas Palomino relationship, 223–6
and Carlos Slim, 237
during cartel fight, 252–5, 266–7
and El Chapo, 7, 93–4, 179, 209–10
The Federation, service to, 205, 209–10, 241,
282
and Garay, 260–3, 267–8
and Higuera, 230–1
inner circle of, 210, 219–26, 238–9, 267–8,
302–3, 305
and kidnapping collusion, 227–30, 257–60
in Miami Beach, 308
and Millán relationship, 225, 253–7
Ocañita release, 169
police demonstration against, 263, 328n8
protected witnesses, Lalo on, 196
public outcry against, 303–4
and Puente Grande escape / investigation, 137,
149, 151–6, 235
single police force creation, 248, 267
and Tello, 133–4, 151, 154, 156–57
threatens author, x, 328n7
as untouchable, 219–23, 327n39
US on, 274–5, 306
Valdez Villarreal on (letter), 310–12
mentioned, 174, 250, 271
García Ochoa, General Augusto Moisés, 109, 286–
7
García Ramírez, Sergio, 47, 57, 68–69, 76
García Sandoval, Manuel (guard), 122
Garza, Tony (ambassador), 254
Garza Palacios, Javier (El Frutilupis), 209, 221,
225–6, 238, 341
Gavin, John, 47
La Gaviota (Fino Restrepo, Teodoro), 262
General X, 233–6, 302, 313–14
Gertz Manero, Alejandro, 64, 138, 143, 144, 149,
341
Giovanni (not yet identified), 271
godfather relationship, 84, 264, 329n31
Godínez, Miguel Ángel, 141
Godoy, Victor (guard), 146
Golden Triangle, 32
Gómez, Aristeo, 223, 253
Gómez Mesa, Francisco Javier, 223
González, Domingo at Control Center, 209, 213
González, Eduardo, 188, 318n3
González, Edwin, 288–9
González, Gabriel, 43
González, Jaime (El Hummer), 260–1
González, Lorena (La Comandante Lore), 257–8,
259–60, 329n25
González brothers, 67
González Calderoni, Guillermo, 341
accusations by, from US, 98–100
and Acosta murder, 18, 93
arrests by, 18, 19
and Félix Gallardo arrest, 53, 77
The Informer on, 69–70
and León, 21
and Martínez Herrera, 118
as Salinas PR man, 97–98
González Quirarte, Eduardo (El Flaco), 106–8,
319n3
González Rosas, Enrique, 106
Gordillo, Elba Ester, 157–58
government ministers, as employees, 195–6
El Grande (Villarreal, Sergio), 208–9, 250, 281,
305–6, 344
Granja Acuícola La Vecina (pisciculture company),
175
Grupo Financiero Anáhuac, 113
Grupo Industrial Lala, 186
Guadalajara Cartel, 71, 74, 316n1
Guadalajara International Airpot, 10, 29–30
Guadalupe Salazar, María Alejandrina, 82
Guatemala, 51, 201, 203, 207, 295
El Güero (Gallardo, José Luis) (Blondie), 44, 54,
340
Los Güeros and Los Güeritos (Rodríguez Olivera,
Luis and Esteban), 189–90
El Güero. See Palma, Héctor
Guerra, Eréndira Joselyn (lawyer), 309–10, 312
Guerrero state, 211–14
guerrillas (female), safety of, 320n25
Gulf Cartel
after Cardenas arrest, 231
banners of, 265–6
and Cárdenas, 158, 211, 241
and The Federation, 205, 245–7
and Quintero betrayal, 174
and Sinaloans sign truce, 281–2
Zetas as armed wing of, 200, 203
"Guns, Drugs, and the CIA" (Frontline), 317n18
Gutiérrez, Leonardo (El Nalo), 183
Gutiérrez Barrios, Fernando, 59, 64, 68, 76
Gutiérrez Rebollo, General Jesús, 105–7, 188, 287,
315n3, 341
Guzmán, Emilio (El Chapo's father), 163–64
Guzmán, Patricia (El Chapo's cousin), 169
Guzmán Decena, Arturo (Z1), 203, 206
Guzmán Leyva, Hector, 35
Guzmán Loera, Joaquín (El Chapo), 341
and AFI complicity, 210
as Amado Carrillo's employee (1985-90), 84–
85
arrangement with Fox Presidential Office, 179–
80
assasination attempts on, 35
and Beltrán Leyva brothers, 249, 319n17
border transfer (1993), 10, 28–32, 316n6,
324n53
and brother Arturo El Pollo, 164
Calderón's 'war on drugs' benefits, 239–43
and Camil Garza, 113–14
on Carrillo Fuentes's death, 109
childhood / background, 32–33, 162–4, 165
children of, 82, 146, 255, 290
Ciudad Juárez takeover, 282
confessions, initial and revised (1993), 33–39
described, 79, 81–82
as The Federation head, 176–8
Forbes magazine on, 11, 160
and Fox connection, 159–60
and General X as presidential envoy, 233–6
and Godinez, 141
government support for, 178, 196–7, 206, 242–
3
kidnappings links, 259
and lawyer Ortega, 116
and Lazcano, 246
and El Mayo, 187, 263, 307
and Moreno, 125, 127–9
oil painting of, 87
on Posadas murder, 29–30, 40
after Puente Grande, 177–8
in Puente Grande, 104–5, 118, 144–5
and Segoviano, 89–90
Tavira on, 104, 122
Tostado on, 116
wedding guests, 243–4
on 'what really happened' (escape), 160, 234–6
women of, 82–83
Zetas style groups set up by, 204
See also The Federation; Puente Grande;
Sinaloa Cartel
Guzmán López, Edgar (El Chapo's son), 255
Guzmán Salazar, Alfredo (El Chapo's son), 290–1
Guzmán Salazar, Ivan (El Chapo's son), 290
Harp Helú, Alfredo, 160
Harrison, Lawrence Victor (Torre Blanca), 50–56,
58–59, 73, 341
Hayek, Salma, 168
Heath, Edward, 47
Hendricks Díaz, Colonel Joaquín, 234–5
La Hermandad (The Brotherhood), 222, 303
Hermanos en Camino shelter, 303
Hermanos Pistoleros Latinos gang, 204
Hernández, Fidel, 271
Hernández, Francisco, 252
Hernández, Ismael, 244
Hernández, Maru, 113–14
Hernández, Roberto (banker), 111
Hernández, Zulema Yulia, 101, 125–7, 145, 345
Hernández Esparza, Rubén, 222
Hernández Nájar, Roberto (El Chiquilín), 96, 99
Hernández Quiroz, José Salvador (guard), 141
Hernández Toledo, General José, 67
Higuera, Gilberto (Deputy AG), 205, 230–1
Higuera Bernal, Alfredo, 244, 341
Higuera Bernal, GIlberto, 230–1
Historia secreta del narco (Andrade Bojorges),
315n2, 315n4
Honduras, 49, 53, 70–72
Hopsicker, Daniel, 71, 317n7
HSBC / HSMX banking scandal (2012), 331n25
Human Rights Commission(s), 12, 102, 126, 129,
142–3, 150–1, 320n25, 333
El Hummer (González, Jaime), 260–1
Ibarra, Arturo, 76
Ibarra, Raul, 173
Ibarra-Herrera, Manuel, 51, 68, 76
ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement), 98,
167, 194–6, 333
IFAI (Federal Freedom of Information Institute),
108, 316n5
Ignacio Torres, Luis, 229
Iguala massacre, 36, 85–88
INCD (National Anti-Drugs Institute), 105, 315n3,
333
El Indio (Álvarez, Gerardo), 281, 305
The Informer, 63–70
on Banamex and Juan García Ábrego, 112
on Gulf and Juarez cartels relations, 97
on politicians during Salinas term, 92–94
on Roberto Hernandez, 112
on US planes in Oaxaca, 73
El Ingeniero, El Elegante, El H. See Beltrán Leyva,
Héctor
El Ingeniero. See Carrillo Leyva, Vicente
(Amado's son)
Interpol, 46, 76, 169, 264–5
Iran-Contra Commissions, 50, 60, 71, 316n5
Iran-Contra operation, 48–53, 56, 63, 70, 76,
316n6. See also CIA; Reagan; US
government
ISSSTE, 158
Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo and Acapulco, war in, 211–14
Iztapalapa, Mexico City district, 221–2
Jacobsen, Ernest (DEA), 73
Jalisco Human Rights Commission, 126, 129
Jáquez, Cristóbal, 186
Jasso Rodríguez, Luis Jafet, 222, 303
Jennifer (protected witness), 208, 289, 326n26
jet crash, in downtown Mexico City, 276–9
Jiménez, José (El Niño), 259
Jiménez, Reynaldo, 244
Jones, James (ambassador), 99
Jornada, La (newspaper), 300–1
Juárez Cartel, 96–98, 111, 191–2, 194–6, 208,
279–82. See also Carrillo Fuentes; The
Federation; Sinaloa Cartel
Juárez–El Paso corridor, 192–3
Juárez Vasquez, Jávier (journalist), 317n9
“Judases” (judicial policemen), 209–10
Julio (protected witness), 84, 85, 164
El Jumex. See Bayardo del Villar, Edgar Enrique
Kaibiles, 201, 203, 207
Kerry, John, 60, 317n18, 341
Kerry Commission, 50, 53, 71, 316n6
Khouri Layón, George (El Koki), 228–9, 259
kidnapping, 221–3, 226–, 257–8, 259–60, 329n25
El Kiki. See Camarena, Enrique
King of Crystal. See Coronel Villarreal, Ignacio
El Koki (Khouri Layón, George), 228–9, 259
Labastida Calderón, Igor, 341
as AFI official, 209, 221, 226, 228
campaign financed by Beltran Arredondo, 117,
159–60
execution of, 253, 329n21
in "inner circle," 238–9
and kidnappings, 259–60
listed in Valdez's letter, 313
recordings of, 256
Labastida Ochoa, Francisco, 114–15, 234, 319n16,
342
Laborín Archuleta, Clara Elena, 161–2, 167, 215,
216, 342
Laija, Ramón (El Coloche), 87
Lalo (Ramírez Peyro, Guillermo), 194–7
Landey, Onofre, 35
Lara, José (La Parca), 211–12
Larrazolo, Jose Luis, 85
Larrieta, José (director UEDO), 149–50
Lazcano, Heriberto (Z3 or El Verdugo), 342
as Arturo ally, 251
background, 200–04, 325n3
death of, 301–02
and The Federation / Gulf Cartel meeting, 245
and The Federation war, 211–14
and Garay deal, 260
on pacts, 245–7
Valdez on, 310, 312
Los Zetas head, after Guzmán Decena death,
206
Leal, Miguel Ángel (guard), 122–24, 141, 147
Leaño family, Guadalajara, 52
Leaños Rivera, Felipe, 129–30, 142–3, 151, 155,
342
Lehder Rivas, Carlos, 61, 71, 342
León Aragón, Rodolfo (El Chino), 39, 64, 85–89,
92, 98, 342
León de la Sierra (Avilés Pérez, Pedro), 67, 337
Leyenda Operation, 47, 51–52, 56, 58
Lima, Peru, 75
LITEMPO program, 59. See also CIA
Locheo, Benjamín, 43
Las Lomas kidnapping, 85–89
Lopez, Armando, 35
López, Gerardo, 106
López, Griselda Guadalupe (Silvia Escoto), 82–83
López, Juliana, 262
López, Julio Carlos, 214
López, Luis (El Vale), 228–9
López Núnez, Dámaso (assistant warden), 102,
114, 117–8, 129, 342
López Portillo, José, 67–68, 76
López Valdez, Mario (Malova), 182–4
Loredo, Texas, 204
Los Angeles Times (newspaper), 48, 317n13
Loya Pérez, Humberto and Jesús, 171, 175
Lozoya Thalmann, Emilio, 92
Lugo, Fernando, 295
Lupercio brothers, 106
Macedo de la Concha, Rafael, 342
and AG Santiago, 216–17, 230–1
and Cardenas / García Luna, 223–4
and Puente Grande escape, 149, 235
to Rome embassy, 135
Machorro, José Mario (judge), 153–5
Madrazo, Jorge, 105
Madrid Sánchez, Jamie, 175–6
madrinas (godmothers), 64, 66, 188, 324n51
Magaña, Alcides (El Metro), 170–71
Malacón, Joel, 175
Malova (López Valdez, Mario), 182–4
Mansfield, Mark (CIA), 47–48
Los Maras (hitmen), 309
Mara Salvatrucha (group), 207
María Fernanda. See Arroyo Guízar, Richard
Marshall, Jonathan, 317n2
Martí, Alejandro and Fernando, 257–60
Martínez, Humberto, 139, 145, 149
Martínez Herrera, Arturo (El Texas), 101, 118–20,
144, 152–3
Martínez Sánchez, Tirso, 190
Matta Ballesteros, Juan Ramón (El Negro), 48, 55,
57, 70–71, 74, 342
“Maxitrial” drug case, 181
Mayer, Sergio, 208
El Mayo. See Zambada García, Ismael
McAllen Intelligence Center, 231
McFarlane, Robert, 49
Medellín Cartel
accountant Milián, 60–61
and Carrillo Fuentes, Amado, 84, 339
and El Chapo, 30, 84
and Guadalajara Cartel links, 70–75
and Seal, 71–74
and US Contra-drug operation, 49, 54, 60–61,
75, 77
mentioned, 48, 192
See also Escobar; Lehder; Seal
Medina Mora, Eduardo, 342
arrest of Zambada and son, 265
under García Luna, 237, 267, 268
to London as ambassador, 275
made Cisen head by Fox, 138
in protected witness program, 269
Meese, Edwin, 50
meeting, to form The Federation, 176–8
Mega Cartel, The, 210
Memo (Vélez, Guillermo), 224–5
Mena airport, Arkansas, 61, 72
Mendoza Cruz, Lieutenant Antonio, 85
Los Mendoza executions, 176
Mertins, Gerhard, 52
Messner, Carlos Enrique, 95
El Metro (Magaña, Alcides), 170–71
Mexicana de Aviación, 284
El Mexicano (Rodríguez Gacha, José Gonzalo), 54
Mexico
army of, 65, 315n1, 317n1
business elite assets in, 292–3
criminals' assets in, 292
drug consumption in, 297–8
drug cultivation / product in, 65
Fashion Week, 161
intelligence agency of, 191
Mafia in, 207
as regional security problem, 295
Supreme Court of, 76
Mexico City
Attorney General’s Office (PGJDF), 209–10,
221–3, 257–8, 260, 334
El Chapo's gathering in, 176
International Airport (AICM), 249–50, 283–6,
288, 330n19, 333
Paseo de la Reforma, plane crash in, 276–7
Zócalo square, 168
México Seguro program (Safe Mexico), 214–20
Meza Cázares, Arturo (Blanca's son), 255
Michoacán Joint Operation, 239, 294–5, 331n26
migrants, Central American, 204
Milián Rodríguez, Ramón, 60–61
Millán, Juan, 183
Millán Gómez, Edgar Eusebio, 342
AFI officers arrested, 219
background, 151, 219, 225, 238, 253–5, 329n22
behind kidnappings, 227, 259
funeral, officials at, 255
murder of, 253–5, 329n22
in quintet, 221
recordings of, 256
as UN observer, 253
Villarreal on, 305
El Mochomo (Beltrán Leyva, Alfredo), 169–70,
241–2, 248–9, 323n17, 337
money laundering
banks / companies, 170, 175, 185–86
and business / political elite, 7, 76, 83, 166, 181,
295
Carrillo Fuentes and, 111–12, 170, 177
mechanisms for, 73, 292–3, 331n24
Mexico as haven for, 292–3
and Milián, 60–61
and Ocaña, 168–9
traffickers on, 179, 291
and Vázquez Raña brothers, 95–96
Monterrey, Nuevo León state, 282
Montes, Virginia, 126
Moraila, Julio (PJF), 175
Morales, Marisela (SIEDO), 262, 276
Morales Lechuga, Ignacio (AG)
acting on Coello's crimes, 20
and Carrillo Olea, 31
El Chapo link, via Ponce, 30–31
Echeverría's house search, 91
resignation of, 12
and Salinas, 93, 96–99, 318nn10–11
as Special Affairs Prosecutor, 86
and Vázquez Raña hangar case, 95
Moreno, Martin, 87
Moreno, Salvador (guard), 142–43
Moreno, Yves Eréndira, 125, 127–29
Morfín Otero, María Guadalupe (Lupita), 126, 129,
142–4, 150–1, 154, 342
Morley, Jefferson (journalist), 59
Morton, John T., 98
Moss, Frank, 72
Mouriño, Carlos (Juan's brother), 277–8
Mouriño Atanes, Carlos (Juan's father), 278
Moya Palencia, Mario, 64
MTC Aviación, and Aviones, 285–6
Mucel Luna, General Luis, 109
El Muerto. See Treviño, Miguel Ángel
“mules” recruitment, 288
La Muñeca. See Valdez Villareal, Edgar
Muñoz, Ramón, 146
Murder of a Cardinal (Carpizo and Andrade), 38
Muskie, Edmund, 50
Nacho. See Coronel Villarreal, Ignacio
El Nalo (Gutiérrez, Leonardo), 183
narco-corrido(s), 173, 193, 199–200, 323n28
“narcocracy,” 295, 298
narco-payroll (El Chapo's), 89–92
National Anti-Drugs Institute (INCD), 105, 315n3,
333
National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC), 231–2
“National Drug Threat Assessment 2010” (US),
296–9
National Human Rights Commission (CNDH), 66,
142–3, 320n25, 333
National March for Peace, 304
National Public Radio, 194
National Water Board (Conagua), 186
Navarro, Francisco, 262
Nazar Haro, Miguel, 56, 67
Ndrangheta of Calabria, Italy (group), 203
El Negro (Matta Ballesteros, Juan Ramón), 48, 55,
57, 70–71, 74, 342
Los Negros (Zeta group), 207
Nepomuceno, Juan, 19, 21, 96–97, 343
Don Neto. See Fonseca Carrillo, Ernesto
New Alliance Party, 158
New York Times (newspaper), 83, 99
Niebla Cardoza, Rosario (Doña Rosario), 180, 181
El Niño (Jiménez, José), 259
El Niño de Oro. See Carrillo Fuentes, Rodolfo
Noé Robles, 258
Noroeste, El (newspaper), 300–1
Norte, El (newspaper), 95
Norte del Valle Cartel, 192
North, Oliver, 49
“The Northern Peace,” negotiated by El Azul, 191
Los Números (hitmen), 309
Núñez, Jorge, 88, 92
Oaxaca, and cocaine transport, 70
Oaxaca Center for Human RIghts, 320n25
Ocaña, Guillermo (Ocañita), 162, 167–9, 215
Ochoa, Commander Carlos, 114, 118, 131, 145
Ochoa, Jorge Luis, 54, 71, 74, 343
Ochoa brothers, 71, 77, 78
officials
as employees, to traffickers, 294
trapped between warring Cartels, 251
Ojeda Paullada, Pedro, 64
"old guard," executions of, 93–94
Operation Casablanca scandal, 111–14
Operation Cleanup, 326n26
Operation Condor, 67–68
Operation Leyenda, 47, 51–52, 56, 58
Ortega, Daniel, 76, 78
Ortega Sánchez, José Antonio (lawyer), 116,
315n5
Ortiz, Sergio Humberto (El Apá), 222, 228–30,
257–60, 343
Osorno, Diego Enrique (journalist), 157
Los Pachangos (airport police), 170
Pacific Cartel, consolidation of, 175, 178
pact (Valle Hermoso), 245–7, 248–52
Padierna, Dolores (PRD), 168
Palma, Héctor (El Güero), 343
Aguilar's sanctions on, 130–01
air shipments of, 6, 94–95
ambition of, 21–23
arrest of, 188
and Camarena, 44, 54–55
and Carrillo Fuentes, 15–18, 78, 109
and El Chapo, 10, 15, 30, 33, 36, 83
and Iguala massacre, 87–88
indicted and acquitted, 152, 153
in Puente Grande, 101, 104–5, 114, 118–21,
124–5
Puente Grande's last days, 140, 144, 146
Segoviano on, 89–90
PAN (Partido de Acción Nacional), 99, 181, 232,
243, 299, 305, 334. See also PRI
Paraguay, 295
paramilitary group(s), in Colombia, 173
La Parca (Lara, José), 211–12
Paredes, Guillermo, 139
Paredes, Javier, kidnapping of, 257, 259
Paredes, Óscar, 257
Parry, Robert (journalist), 50, 316n6
Paseo de la Reforma, Mexico City, 276
Pastora, Edén (Commandante Zero), 52, 317n10
Patricia, Diana, 125, 126
Patrón, Patricio, 189
Patrón Laviada, Alejandro (La Vaca), 188–9
Paty, 42, 46
Pavón Reyes, Armando, 76
Payan, Jaime, 35
payment, "tax" for drug cultivations, 65–68
payroll van robbery, 222
The Peacemaker (US name for Esparragoza), 190–
1
Los Pelones (armed group), 211
Pemex Gas, 100, 217
Peña García, Marcelo (pseud Julio), 84, 85, 164
Peña Nieto, Enrique (PRI), 336
backed by del Mazo and Salinas, 316n8
Camil Garza link, 114
Cárdenas Palomino on, 225
dissolves SSP, 225, 260
and Ocaña, 168
and Valdez deal, 305–6
Pequeño, Ramón, 267
Peralta, Commander Salvador, 69
Peralta, Salvador, 69
Pérez, Lieutenant Adrián, 84
Pérez Díaz, Juan José (guard), 144, 343
Pérez Rodríguez, Enrique, 343
during and after escape, 138, 145, 148–52
and Aguillar, 119–21, 129–33, 134–5
called to testify, 153–5
during Fox administration, 138
with guard complaintants, 143
and payroll, 119
as Secretary of the Interior, 114–15
and Yunes, 158
Petriciolet, Avel Silva, 258–9
PF (Policía Federal), 263, 290, 303, 305, 313, 334
PFM (Policía Federal Ministerial), 219, 334
PFP (Policía Federal Preventiva), 217, 248, 256,
266–7, 269–72, 287, 334. See also AFI;
Aviones SA; Bayardo; Garay; García Luna;
Labastida; Martínez, Humberto; Millán;
Puente Grande
PGJDF (Mexico City Attorney General’s Office),
209–10, 221–3, 257–8, 260, 334
PGR (Attorney General's Office), 334
and Acosta, 217
and Amado's body, 109–10
and Beltrán Arredondo, 117, 148, 319n17
Cárdenas in, 224–5
Carrillo Olea replaces Coello, 19–21
case files, as state secrets, 220–1, 327n39
on El Chapo, 81, 85
El Chapo on officials of, 28, 30–39, 90, 134
on El Chapo's escape, investigation of, 147,
150–2, 155
Colosio murder investigation, 174
and Coronel, 300–1
on Garay, 267
Gutiérrez investigation records, 108
hierarchy described by The Informer, 64–70
lawyers and informers in, 14
and Lazcano, 202
Operation Cleanup, 326n26
and Posadas murder, 17, 22, 25, 35–36, 85
protected witness program, 84, 107, 110, 164,
208, 230, 256, 269–73, 305–6
regional offices of, 69
and SSP, placing AFI under Secretariat, 248
as suitcase's final destination, 66
support for The Federation, 205–6
transport help by, 170, 195, 288
on Velázquez Corona, 285
and Vicente Carrillo, 112–13, 279
and Los Zetas, 213–14, 218–19
See also AFI; García Luna
Los Pinos (presidential palace), 36, 66, 205, 276
pisciculture company, 175
Pitufo, 260–1, 269, 330n2, 343
pitufos, 264, 329n32
El Pizcacha (Vizcarra, Juan Manuel), 212, 218
PJF (Federal Judicial Police), 39–40, 64–70, 170,
210, 224–5, 334. See also Álvarez Nahara;
Bayardo; Caro Quintero; García Luna;
González Calderoni; Puente Grande prison;
Zambada García
plastic surgery, 109, 190, 192, 339
The Plumbers (Los Fontaneros), 121–4
Politkovskaya, Anna (journalist), x
El Pollo. See Cárdenas Palomino, Luis
Ponce, Federico (deputy AG), 30–31, 39, 85
Ponce, Héctor Gerardo, 168
Ponce, José Arturo, 168, 169
Por Esto! (newspaper), 111
Posadas Ocampo, Cardinal Juan Jesús, 343
Andrade’s account, on Carrillo Fuentes, 14–16
Cardinal Sandoval seeks information on, 116
Carrillo Fuentes offers El Chapo, 22–23
evidence disappears, 188
press version of murder of, 10–11
various accounts of murder, 24–25, 29–30, 39–
40
Poveda, Harold, 261–2, 272–3
PRI (Partido Revolucionario Institucional), 334
Buendía's collusion investigation, 51–52
and Labastida, 114, 159
as model of protection, 308
and PAN, both 'political mafia,' 8, 181–3, 243
and Yunes proposal, 157–8
See also Beltrones; Colosio; de la Madrid;
Echeverría; López Portillo; Peña Nieto;
Salinas; Zedillo
El Príncipe. See Caro Quintero, Rafael
Proceso (magazine), 186–7, 244, 285, 300, 328n16
El Profe (Castaño Gil, José Vicente), 170, 172–3,
339
Profepa (Federal Environmental Protection
Agency), 189
protected witness program
Bayardo in, 275–6
Don Neto's bodyguard, 57
García Luna reveals names in, 196
Gutiérrez Rebollo's driver, 107
Harrison in, 54–56. See also Harrison
Jaime Olvera in, 110
Jennifer in, 208, 289
Jesús Bitar in, 16
Julio and César in, 84, 164, 220, 230
Labastida seeks, 253
Mateo in, 305–6, 311, 313
officials' responsible for security, 196, 276
Pitufo in, 256
privileges included, 306
Rambo III and María Fernanda in, 269–73, 275,
283, 288–9
witnesses' statements on officials, 274
Public Oversight Office, 66
Puente Grande prison
after Fox election, 138–9
and Los Tres, 101–5, 114–15, 121
Christmas party, 139–41
escape logistics, 137–38, 144–50
rape and intimidation in, 124–9
situation described, 119–21
See also Aguilar Garzón; Beltrán Santana;
Guzmán Loera
Puerto Rico ranch, 181–2
Puerto Rico Stables, 185, 186
Puga Quintanilla, José Salvador (Pitufo), 256,
260–1, 329n23, 330n2, 343
Pulitzer prize, 99
Putin, Vladimir, 298
Queen of the Pacific (Sandra Ávila Beltrán), 188
Quevedo, Celia, 319n12
Quintero, Ángela María, 262, 329n28
Quintero Meraz, Albino (El Beto), 170–71, 174
Quintero Payan, Emilio, 36
Rambo III (Jesús Zambada Reyes), 266, 269, 275,
288
Ramirez, Samuel, 54
Ramírez, Ulises, 236
Ramírez Peyro, Guillermo (Lalo), 194–7
Ramos, Edgar (El Chuta), 289
rape, in Puente Grande, 124–9
Reagan, Ronald
cleaning image of, 50
and Iran-Contra, 48–50
and Sandinistas, 74
and "war" on drugs, 60, 68, 71, 76, 241
Reforma (newspaper), 98, 181–2, 311, 315n4
Reporte Indigo (newspaper, website), 328n7,
329n25
Revolutionary Popular Army (EPR), 126, 320n25
El Rey del Cristal (Coronel Villarreal, Ignacio),
177, 187–9, 243–4, 299–301, 328n16, 339
Reyes, Gerardo Colín (El Colín), 258
Reynoso brothers, 95
El Rey. See Zambada García, Jesús Reynaldo
Ríos, Claudio (guard), 142–3, 155
Rivera de Montes de Oca, Luis, 104
Rivera Muñoz, Alonso (Héctor Beltrán Leyva),
161–2, 322n4
Riviello, Antonio, 33, 36
Rodríguez, Dagoberto, 300
Rodríguez, Reynaldo, 75
Rodríguez Gacha, José Gonzalo (El Mexicano), 54,
71, 77, 343
Rodríguez Olivera, Luis and Esteban (Los Güeros
and Los Güeritos), 189–90
Rodríguez Orejuela, Gilberto and Miguel, 30, 94
Rojas Contreras, Everardo, 53
Rosas, Victor (El Rey), 265. See also Zambada
García, Jesús
Rosas Rosas, Facundo, 343
and Bayardo, 270–2
on Garay's Poveda operation, 262
during Garay's reshuffling, 267
in García Luna "inner circle," 210, 223, 238–9,
254
on Lorena González, 258, 329n25
Valdez Vallarreal on, 313
Rotceh Noticias y Espectáculos, 167
Rubira, Pedro (guard), 122
Ruffo Appel, Ernesto (govenor), 31, 39, 316n6
Ruiz, Armando, 139
Ruiz Massieu, José Francisco, 92
Sáenz Couret, Garza, Hirschfeld families, 284
Sahagún, Eduardo (lawyer), 155
Sahagún, Marta, 343
as Echeverria / Fox intermediary, 159
and García Luna, 220
and Maru Hernandez, 113–14
and Rodríguez brothers link, 189
and son M. Bribiesca, 99–100, 189
Salazar, Epifanio, 102–3
Salazar Ramos, Guillermo, 31, 85
Salcido, Manuel (El Cochiloco), 35, 53, 343
Salinas de Gortari, Carlos
1988 election, 316n8
and Aviones, 285, 286
Banamex privatized, 31
and Carrillo Olea on Posadas murder, 9–12, 24,
35, 40
and Castro, 110
on Coello, 20
government appointments of, 19–20, 31
trafficker connections, 19, 34–36, 48, 92–100,
117
mentioned, 109, 114, 172, 189
Salinas de Gortari, Raúl, 96–97, 98, 111, 117
salon.com article (Parry), 316n6
Sánchez, Cristina, 87, 88–89
Sánchez, José Luis, 219–20
Sánchez, Roberto, 288
Sandinista National Liberation Front, 48, 59
Sandoval Íñiguez, Cardinal Juan, 40, 116
santería, 162, 302, 322n4
Santiago Vasconcelos, José Luis, 213–17, 219–20,
230, 276–7, 344
Santillán, Heriberto, 194–5
Santoyo Feria, Vinicio, 53, 109
Sarabia de la Garza, Alfonso, 285
Sarmiento, Juan Raúl, 140
Scherer, Julio (journalist), 186–87
Schmidt, Wayne, and Operation Leyeda, 48, 51
SCJN (Mexican Supreme Court), 76
Scott, Peter Dale, 317n2
Scott, Winston (CIA), 59
Seal, Adler Berriman (Barry Seal), 71–74, 78,
317nn5–7, 344
Search Block (hitmen), 78
Secretariat of Public Security (Fox administration),
138, 322n40
Secret Life of Bill Clinton (Evans-Pritchard),
318n8
Sedano, Ricardo, 75
Sedena (Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional), 334
and Aviones contracts, 286–90
on El Chapo's first confession, 38, 316n5
on Garay, 267
The Informer on, 67
on Lazcano, 201–02, 325n3
mentioned, 28, 107, 109, 119
Segoviano Berbera, Miguel Ángel, 37, 88–92, 94
Seguros Atlas insurance company, 284
El Señor de los Cielos. See Carrillo Fuentes,
Amado
Setco airline, and CIA aid, 71, 72
show business, 168, 208
Sicilia, Javier (poet), 304
SIEDO (Organized Crime Special Investigations
Unit), 112–13, 213–14, 262, 265, 334
Silva, Abel, 229–30
Simmons Andrea (FBI), 282
Sinaloa Cartel
after Amado's death, 111
after Arturo's death, 281–2
airport artery, 283–6, 330n19
Buscaglia on, 297–8
and El Chapo, 11, 79, 150, 251
Clouthier on, 183
and Fox connection, 99–100, 159–60, 174, 266
and García Luna, 238, 288
government protection of, 7, 113, 183–4, 197,
241, 302
growth/strength of, 176–80, 301
Gulf cartel dispute, 158
and López Nuñez, 114
Michoacán state atrocity, 176
and money launderers, 291
origins, 33, 48
reprisals on 'employees,' 267
and Rodolfo murder, 193, 242
Tostado on, 116–17, 160
in US, network of, 173, 189
US on, 48, 158–9, 242, 298
and Valle del Norte Cartel, 168
and Los Zetas, 200
See also The Federation; Guzmán Loera
Sinaloas, The, 114–15, 129, 131, 142
Sinaloa State Committee for Acquaculture and
Public Health, 175
Slim, Carlos, 237
SNTE teachers' union, 157
Soberanes, José Luis, 129, 142–3
Solalinde, Alejandro (priest), 303–4
Soledana, José Luis, 252
Solís, Luis, 92
Solórzano Félix, Marco Antonio, 87
Spanish Interior Ministry, 168
Special Affairs Prosecution Service, 86
SSP (Secretaría de Seguridad Pública), 334
in Ciudad Juárez, 282
collusion with traffickers, 241, 256, 265–7, 280,
303
on Garay's 'credentials,' 256, 267, 329n23
and García Luna, 156, 225, 235, 237–9, 303
on kidnappings, 258–60
and Millán, 254–5
versus PGJDF, 258
Sinaloa cartel support, 241
testimony on, 235, 269–75, 288–90, 310
trustworthiness tests, 304, 331n33
“Step by Step towards Peace Caravan,” 304
“strategic priority no. 1, no. 2,” 241–2
Suárez, Manuel, 64
Suárez, Nicolás, 145, 149
suitcase ritual, 65–68, 69, 114, 341
synthetic drugs, 189
Szubin, Adam (US, Foreign Assets Control), 185
Talamantes, Sigifredo (El Canicón), 260
Tavira, Juan Pablo de, 101–2, 104, 122
"tax" suitcase ritual, 65–68, 69, 114, 341
Televisa, 138, 160, 257, 284
Tello Peón, Jorge Enrique, 344
backs García Luna, 237
and Carrillo Olea, 13, 93, 114–15, 235
control of Cisen, 133–5
on González Calderoni, 97–98
and Millán, 225
at Puente Grande, 119, 129, 143–54, 160, 235
during successive administrations, 138–9, 156–
7, 235
Terminal 2 shootout, 289–90
El Texas (Martínez Herrera, Arturo), 101, 118–20,
144, 152–3
Thalía's sisters, kidnapping of, 229
The Three Knights. See Beltrán Leyva brothers
Tigre. See Bayardo, Edgar
Tijuana Cartel (Arellano Félix territory), 178–79,
231
Tinoco, Marcos (El Coronel), 227
Los Tiras (kidnapping group), 229
Los Toficos (politician group), 92
Toledo Corro, Antonio, 319n16
Torre Blanca (Harrison, L), 50–56, 58–59, 73, 341
Torres, Javier, 184
torture training, for García Luna / Cárdenas
Palomino, 224
Tostado Félix, Pablo, 115–18, 159–60, 188–9, 250,
344
Tower Commission, 49–50
Transport Secretariat, 95, 318n10
Los Tres, 118–19, 124, 134, 139, 145. See also
Puente Grande prison
Los Tres Caballeros, 94, 165
Treviño, Miguel Ángel (El Muerto, or Z40), 203,
212–13, 260, 302, 344
Trinidad, José Luis (UEDO), 234–5
trustworthiness (test), 263, 273, 304
Tula River massacre, 76
Tulio López, Marco (SSP), 239
UEDO (Special Organized Crime Unit), 149, 150,
334
UNFCC (United Nations Convention on Climate
Change), 186
Universal, El (newspaper), 285
UN missions, 253
Urías, Bargueño, 171
Uribe, Alvaro, 329n28
US
drug consumption in, 297–8
extradition to, fear of, 141
trafficking zones in, 232, 296–7
USA Today (newspaper), 58
US embassy / State Department
on El Barbas, 166–7
on La Barbie, 272, 305
and Berrellez on CIA bases, 58
on García Luna, 237–8, 273–6
on Velasco's murder, 252
US government
on Alfredo, El Chapo's son, 291
and La Barbie, 207–8
on Beltrán Leyva brothers / El Chapo war, 308
and Beltrán Leyva execution, 279–81
camp, Fort Benning, 202
Commissions, 49–50, 316n5
on Coronel, King of Crystal, 189–90
drug need for military (Vietnam), 63–64, 65,
317n2
on Esparragoza, El Azul, 191
and The Federation's enemies, 178–79, 231–2
on gang violence, 255
Iran Contra architects, 295–6
Justice Department, 173, 285
Labastida seeks protection of, 253
and Millán, 253
Northern Command, 242
policies on trafficking, xi, 231–2
and Ramírez (Lalo), 194–6
traffickers on, 42, 54, 124, 295
and traffickers protection, 117
on trafficking (DTOs), 296–9
Treasury Department investigation, 111–12
on Valle Hermoso pact, 247
on Zambada (El Mayo ), 181, 184–85, 276
on Zambada (El Rey), 265
on Zetas, 200–02, 204, 231–2
See also CIA; DEA; ICE; Iran Contra; US
embassy
Valadés Ríos, Diego, 93
Valdés, Alfredo (prison doctor), 125
Valdez Villareal, Edgar (La Barbie or La Muñeca),
344
and AFI hunt for Zetas, 220
after El Barbas, 281
background, description, 207–8, 209
confession, and letter, 309–14
during The Federation's split, 251
Garay and, 272–3
and Khouri, 228
and kidnapping negotiation, 212–13
retirement, 6, 305
takes Nuevo Laredo from Zetas, 206, 245
US on, 305
and Los Zetas war, 205–6, 211
El Vale (López, Luis), 228–9
Valencia Cornelio, Armando, 177
Valencia Fontes, Jaime, 121–4, 137, 145–8, 344
Valenzuela, Arcadio (Mexican Association of
Bankers), 112
Valle del Norte Cartel, 168, 262
Valle Hermoso pact, 245–7, 248–52
Vázquez Méndez, 146–8
Vázquez Mota, Josefina, 306
Vázquez Raña, Mario and Olegario, 94–95, 118,
220, 318n10
Velarde, Mario Arturo, 223, 262, 267–8
Velarde Quintero, General Francisco Javier, 109
Velasco, Javier Juarez, 51, 317n9
Velasco, Roberto, 252
"Velasco," source for Buendia, 52, 53
Velázquez Corona, Héctor, 285, 330n16
Vélez, Guillermo (Memo), 224–5
Venegas Guzmán, Julián, 84–85
El Veneno (Barajas, José), 114
Ventura, Lázaro, 45–47, 55
Verdín, Sergio Espino, 56
El Verdugo. See Lazcano, Heriberto
El Viceroy. See Carrillo Fuentes, Vicente
Villa Coca scandal, 75, 318n12
Villanueva, Mario, 112, 174, 181, 234, 344
Villarreal, Sergio (El Grande), 208–9, 250, 281,
305–6, 344
Villegas, Edgar, 299
Vizcaíno Medina, Jesús, 114, 118, 131, 137–8, 145,
148, 344
Vizcarra, Jesús, 181–82, 183
Vizcarra, Juan Manuel (El Pizcacha), 212, 218
Walsh Commission, 50, 316n5
Washington Post (newspaper), 110
Washington Times's Insight (magazine), 115
Washington Weekly, 71–72
Weinstein, Henry, 317n13
whatreallyhappened.com (Kerry Report), 316n6
White Brigade, 28
Wikileaks, 330n5
witnesses. See protected witnesses program
X1 (code name), 288
Yucatan pennisula, 73–74
Yulia Hernández, Zulema, 125–26
Yunes Linares, Miguel Ángel, 114–15, 119, 157–8,
345
Z1 (Guzmán Decena, Arturo), 203, 206
Z3. See Lazcano, Heriberto
Z40. See Treviño, Miguel Ángel
Zambada, Vicente, 170, 177, 180, 279
Zambada García, Ismael (El Mayo), 345
air fleet of, 282–4, 286
airport control, 249–50, 285, 330n19
and Arturo Beltrán Leyva, 271
background and influence, 180–87
on the Camilo plane crash, 279
in Carrillo Fuentes alliance, 94, 110
described, 184
journalist interview, messages to Calderón,
186–7
and López Nuñez, 114
on El Rey's arrest, 276, 278
stability of, 291
support for El Chapo's gathering, 176–8
Tostado on, 116
Vicente's arrest, 279
Zambada García, Jesús Reynaldo (El Rey), 345
and Bayardo, 270
El Mayo's brother, 180, 250
shootout with PGR, 263–4, 329n30
sons' testimony, 266, 269
Zambada Reyes, Jesús (Rambo III), 266, 269, 275,
288
Zamora, Érika, 126
Zedillo, Ernesto
after Colosio murder, 323n23
appointments by, 105
family links, 108
and Raúl Salinas arrest, 98
and soldiers into police force, 202
trafficker links of, 108–9, 113–14, 157, 189
Zepeda Méndez, Juan Alberto, 113
Los Zetas
alliance with other gangs, 204, 302
Beltrán Leyva clan as allies, 251, 282
on The Federation's government support, 245
in Guatemala, 295
hunting La Barbie and El Grande, 305
Lazcano's Guerrero invasion, 211–14
in media, 218
message to, from Rodríguez brothers, 189–90
message to Calderon, via General X, 302
narco-corrido Escolta Suicida, 199–200
origin, and GAFE, 200–05
spreading of, 204–5, 301–2
training camps of, 203–4
US on, 204, 231, 302
Zorrilla, José Antonio, 42, 51, 68, 316n7
Zuno Arce, Rubén, 48, 55, 56–59, 345