Note: Locators followed by the letter ‘n’ refer to notes. Los 80 (The 80s, TV series), 181n6 ABC Africa (Abbas Kiarostami, 2001), 188 ABC da greve (Leon Hirszman, 1979–1990), 20n10 Abraham, Nicolas, 101 Abreu, Alina Rodríguez, 16 Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo (Plaza de Mayo’s grandmothers), 19n2 activist video collectives Cámara en Mano (Handy Camera), 127, 168, 170–1 Chiapas Media Project, 13, 146, 149, 151 in Chile, 169–73 Grupo Proceso (Process Group), 168, 170, 178–81, 181–2n8 production and distribution by, 181 Teatro Popular Ictus (Ictus People’s Theatre), 173–8, 183n17 women’s collectives, 175, 182n11 see also indigenous and community media activist videos affect and political action, 145–5, 157–61, 162 as alternative news source, 12, 13–14, 149, 150–5, 173–4, 178–9 archives of as evidence, 147, 181 creativity in, 152, 156 crowd-sourced video footage, 150–2, 159 democratic communication processes, 178–81 distribution of, 14, 149–50, 162n3, 169–70, 174, 178–9, 181 documentaries of return, 179–80, 182n15 militant documentaries, influence on, 167 narrative in, 181 Oaxaca Uprising, 139, 146–53 actors nonfiction actors, 80–2 reenactments, 33–5, 85 social actors, 11, 16, 77, 148, 153, 158, 226, 228 see also performance Adair, John, 127 Adorno, Sérgio, 80 aesthetics, 3, 6, 7–9, 10, 14, 17 Coutinho, 31–3 Cuban innovation, 61, 62–4 European, influence of, 60, 61 Guillén Landrián, 60 in hybrid documentaries, 124–5 internet documentaries, 235–6 “rasquache aesthetic,” 237 suggestive qualities of symbolism, 191, 196–7 transnational aesthetic, 200 affect autonomy of, 160–1 documentary as medium for, 14, 25, 26–7, 42 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 Index INDEX affect—continued emotion vs., 10, 27 fiction and nonfiction, blurring, 37 meaning and, 41 optimism, 159–62 political action and motivation, 145–5, 157–61, 162 political mimicry, 145–6 Rancière on, 147–8, 150, 152–4, 156, 159, 161, 162 Spinoza, 160 theories of, 160–1 thought and feeling, 160–1 affective realm, 25, 26–7, 42 affective sharing, 88–9n7 The Affective Turn (Hardt), 160 Agosto (Armando Capó), 73n11 Aguas Baldías (Water Wasteland, Manuel Piña, photo series), 209 Agüero, Ignacio, 16, 119n3 Aguilar, Gonzalo, 5 Aguirre, The Wrath of God (Werner Herzog, 1972), 130 Alamar (Pedro González-Rubio, 2009), 10, 27, 36–42 Albertani, Claudio, 154 Alcaraz, Lalo, 237 Alfonsín, Raúl Ricardo, 57n5 Al Jazeera, 188 allegory fictional films, 66 fragmented self and, 49 national allegory and Cuban identity, 63–4, 70 Allende, Salvador, 2, 108, 113, 115, 173 Allpamanda Causaimanda Jatarishun (For Land, For Life—Let’s Rise Up, Alberto Muenala, 1992), 141n5 Almendros, Néstor, 214 Alonso, Lisandro, 37 Altberg, Marco, 126 alternative news sources, 13–14, 149, 150–5, 173–4, 178–9 Alvaray, Luisela, 5 Álvarez, Santiago, 2, 8, 18, 26, 189, 195, 214 Amazon contact with indigenous communities, 135–40 deforestation and displacement, 133–4 indigenous media projects, 13, 14, 124, 128–31, 135–40, 146 multinational threats to biosphere, 126–7 Native Indians, mischaracterizations of, 126–7, 134–6 Sarayaku community, Ecuador, 141n4 see also Brazil; indigenous communities America (João Moreira Salles, 1989), 27 América tiene alma (America Has Soul, Carlos Azpúrua, 2009), 17–18, 189, 193–6 Amor, mujeres y flores (Marta Rodríguez and Jorge Silva, 1989), 20n10 Análisis magazine, 170 Anchou, Goyo, 52 Andean communities Bolivian carnival, culture of, 18, 189–90, 193–6 coca-growers and coca leaves, culture of, 133, 193–5 indigenous media training, 130–1 Andermann, Jens, 47, 50, 52 Andrade, João Batista de, 16 Andrés de La Victoria (Claudio di Girólamo, 1984), 174, 182n10 Los Ángeles de la Tierra (Angels of the Earth, Patricio Luna, 2001/2003), 133 anthropologists, 12, 123, 125, 127–9, 135, 141n2 anthropology, 18, 127, 196 anti-dictatorship activist videos, 167–8, 170, 181n6, 183nn17–18 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 256 anti-immigration sentiments, 237–48, 248n3 anti-North ideologies, 189–90, 191 Appadurai, Arjun, 82, 204, 212 APPO (Asamblea de los Pueblos de Oaxaca), 150, 152–9 Aquí se construye (Ignacio Agüero, 2001), 16 Archibold, Randal, 248n3 archival footage activist videos, 156 crowd-sourced video footage, 150–2, 159 digital color footage, 153 in fictional films, 92–3, 99–100 indigenous media, 124–5, 134–5, 138–40 newsreels, 8, 125 Oaxaca Uprising, 147, 149–50 protests and demonstrations, 134, 147, 149–50, 156, 171–8, 193 television images, 11, 83, 92, 97, 100 urban violence, 80–4 archives activist videos, 147, 181 Chilean dictatorship, 182n12 Cuban filmmaking, 72n7 Los Archivos del Cardenal (The Cardinal’s Archives, TV series), 182n12 Argentina Bolivian migrants in, 17, 191–2, 196 Buenos Aires 2001 street revolts, 47, 51, 56n1 children of disappeared, 4, 19n2, 48–51, 57n3 dictatorships in, 4–5, 19n2, 50–4, 57n3, 168 financial crisis and recessions, 47, 51, 56n1, 57n6 left-leaning governments, 189–90 Menem presidency, 56n1, 57n5 political discourse in, 195–6 257 Argentine filmmaking auteur documentaries, 47, 55–6 depictions of the present, 51–4 indigenous and community media, 13–14 militant documentaries, 167 political discourse in, 195–6 post-dictatorial documentaries, 5–6, 19n2, 208–9 self in, 47–55, 57n6 subjectivity in, 26, 40, 45–6, 47, 50–2 video technology used for activism in, 12–13, 168–9 Arizona S.B. 1070 anti-immigration law, 241, 248n3 Arrieta, Julio, 55 art house cinema, 61 Aruanda (Linduarte Noronha, 1960), 2, 88n2 Asamblea de los Pueblos de Oaxaca (APPO), 150, 152–9 Asociación Nómadas, 131, 141n7 audience and viewers collaboration with, 46–8 internet users, 235–6 local and transnational audiences, 155–6 Aufderheide, Patricia, 12, 128–9 Auge, Marc, 226 Auke (Oswaldo Caldeira, 1976), 126 auteur documentaries, 47, 55–6 authenticity, 140 displaced, 35 emotional, 41 authorial expression, 6, 11, 47, 60, 76 collective authorship, 171 hybrid authorship, 132–4 shared authorship, 138 authority, 3, 6, 12, 19n5, 51, 55, 57n6, 76, 77, 79, 82, 88, 152 autobiographical documentaries, 7, 9 fact and fiction in, 101–4, 104n4 narratives, 45, 194–5 postmemory and facts, 49–50 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX INDEX automobility elements of, 219, 222–3, 232–3 human body and, 226–8 moving images and transportation flows, 219, 220, 230–1 systems of, 222–6 traffic jams and, 221 see also car culture autonomy of affect, 160–1 struggle for, 153 Avaeté: Semente de Vingança (Zelito Viana, 1985), 126 Avellar, José Carlos, 126 Ávila, Benjamín, 56 Ávila López, Enrique, 21nn6–7, 209, 216nn6–7 Ay Taquicgu (My Little Music, Alberto Muenala, 1991), 141n5 Azpúrua, Carlos, 17–28, 189, 191, 193, 197 Bachelet, Michelle, 119n2 Back, Sylvio, 125, 126 Badariotti Merlo, Santiago, 27–8 Bajo Juárez, la ciudad devorando a sus hijas (Alejandra Sánchez Orozco and José Antonio Cordero, 2006), 9 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 85–7, 196, 220–1, 225 Balaisis, Nicholas, 201–2 Balseros (Carles Bosch and Josep Maria Domènech, 2002), 16, 20n7 Baltar, Mariana, 88n7 Banco Chinchorro, Mexico, 37–40 Barea, Batato, 53 Barreto, Bruno, 99–100, 104n4 Barriga, Susana, 18, 61, 66, 199, 200, 201, 203, 205–7, 214 Barthes, Roland, 25, 110–11, 114–15 Basulto, Pablo, 178 La batalla de Chile (The Battle of Chile, Patricio Guzmán and Grupo Tercer Año, 1975–1979), 2, 3, 95, 108, 112, 113, 115, 153, 158 Battleship Potemkin (Sergei M. Eisenstein, 1925), 173 Bazin, André, 25, 110 BBC documentaries, 127, 128 BBC News, 195 Beattie, Keith, 206, 211, 226 Belmont, Luanna, 98 Beltrán, Sergio, 153 Beltrão, Andréa, 34, 35 Benjamin, Walter, 114, 119n4, 228 Bermúdez, Beatriz, 127, 141n2 Bernal, Gael García, 182n13 Bernardet, Jean-Claude, 6, 25, 79, 93 Bernaza, Luis Felipe, 10, 19n3 Beverley, John, 57n5 Bezerra, Yvonne, 93, 94, 98 Bhabha, Homi, 204 Birri, Fernando, 2, 199, 201 black-and-white images, 38, 64, 146 Blanco y carmín: la murga según Pasión Quemera (Paula Horman and Dañel Vidal, 2008), 17 Blaustein, David, 19n2 The Blonds (Los rubios, Albertina Carri, 2003), 4, 9, 10, 11, 48–56, 57n6 Boca do lixo (Scavengers, Eduardo Coutinho, 1993), 32 body. see human body body/machine matrix, 238, 240 body politic, 206 Bolivia carnival, culture of, 18, 189–90, 193–6 indigenous and community media in, 13–14, 124, 131–3, 140, 146 indigenous respect for nature, 190–1 March for Land and Dignity, 134 migrants in Buenos Aires from, 17, 191–2, 196 Morales presidency, 18, 133, 189, 191, 194–5 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 258 “Octubre Negro” protests, 193–4 political changes in, 189–90 Bonanza, en vías de extinción (Ulises Rosell, 2001), 54, 55 Borchmeyer, Florian, 20n9 border-crossing plots, 18–19, 190, 200, 204 borders, 5, 6, 15–16, 126, 135, 139, 191, 192, 206, 209, 240, 241, 244 cinematic production and, 61 generic borders, 61 Bosch, Carles, 16 El Bosque de Sherwood (Sherwood Forest, Jorge De León, 2008), 11, 63, 67–70, 71 Botín de guerra (David Blaustein, 2000), 19n2 Bourdieu, Pierre, 187 Bracero Program, 18, 239–40 Brazil Candelária massacre, 93, 94, 98 Collor presidency, 27, 42n4 dictatorships in, 1, 79–80, 125, 168 favelas (communities), 32, 80–3, 88n5 Goulart presidency, 1, 79 indigenous and community media in, 12–13, 128–31 left-leaning governments, 189 mass media, growth of, 4, 78, 79–80, 125 penal system, 96, 103 political changes in, 1960s, 78–9 street children, 93–4, 98 urban violence and crime in, 80–4, 94, 98 Brazilian filmmaking changes in, 78–9 Cinema Novo, 78–9, 88n2 dialogical strategies, 76–8, 85–7 individual subjects, emphasis on, 76, 78 national identity in, 79–80 Native Indians, depictions of, 125–6 socially-oriented films, 76–7 259 Vídeo nas Aldeias (VNA)/Video in the Villages project, 13, 14, 124, 128–31, 135, 140, 146 video technology for activism in, 12–13, 168–9 see also Amazon; Brazil; Coutinho, Eduardo; Moreira Salles, João Brewer, Jan, 248n3 Brottman, Mikita, 233 Bruno, Giuliana, 220 Bruzzi, Stella, 11, 47–8, 77, 98 Buenos Aires. see Argentina Burton, Julianne, 19, 25, 156 Buscándote Habana (Alina Rodríguez Abreu, 2006), 16 Bus 174 (Ônibus 174, José Padilha, 2002), 4–5, 11–12, 83–4, 88n6, 91–104 Butler, Judith, 101, 102 Cabra marcado para morrer (Twenty Years After, Eduardo Coutinho, 1984), 1–4, 26–7, 32, 42n2 Cacharreando La Habana (Jorge Grez, 2007), 232 Café con Leche (Manuel Zayas, 2003), 60 Caldeira, Oswaldo, 126 Calle Santa Fé (Carmen Castillo, 2007), 15, 182n15 Cámara en Mano (Handy Camera), 127, 168, 170–1 Las camas solas (Sandra Gómez, 2006), 16, 208 camera/camerawork, 28–33, 38–9, 49, 55, 67, 68, 70–1, 75, 95, 116, 129, 148, 152, 153, 191–2, 206–7, 220 in activist videos, 156–7, 158 aerial shots, 93, 103 camera as political weapon, 4, 169 car-camera rigging, 222, 230–1 close-up shots, 30–1, 35, 38, 107, 138, 157–9, 171, 191–3, 193, 209 fragments, filming, 26, 30–1 framing, 38–40 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX INDEX camera/camerawork—continued hand-held video, 116, 148, 151, 155, 206–7 long static shots, 70 nighttime shots, 148 presence of the camera, 92, 98 slow-motion images, 71, 83, 95–6, 100, 112, 176 sound and exaggerated realism, 68 spectacle and, 99 Canal Seis de Julio, 13, 14 Candelária massacre, 93, 94, 98 capitalism, 67, 73n13, 221 Capó, Armando, 11, 59, 62–7, 71–2, 73nn10–11 car-camera rigging, 222, 230–1 car culture “American way of life” values and, 220, 221 automobility and, 219, 221, 222–6, 232–3 cars as mirrors, 229 in contemporary documentary, 232–3 documentaries on wheels and, 219–20 human body and automobility, 226–8 Isla Chatarra (Karen Rossi, 2007), 18, 219, 221–6, 228–32 moving images and transportation flows, 219, 220, 230–1 in Puerto Rico, 219, 220–2 sexual fantasies and gender roles, 228–30 social role of cars, 220–1, 225, 232–3 taxi drivers, 232 toy car collectors, 228–9 traffic jam chronotope, 220–1 Carelli, Vincent, 13, 129, 135–6, 139 Carri, Albertina, 4, 9, 10, 11, 48–56, 57n3, 57n6 Carroll, Noël, 147, 158–9 cartographic conception, 199–200, 219, 222 Carvalho, Luciana, 98 Carvalho, Vladimir, 17, 126 CASA Collective, 150 El caso Pinochet (Patricio Guzmán, 2001), 182 Castells-Talens, Antoni, 124 Castillo, Carmen, 15, 119n3, 182n15 Castillo, Debra A., 18–19, 235, 251 Castillo, Tanya María Valette, 202 casting call ads, 32–6 Castro, Fidel, 64, 69 Catholicism, 182n12, 193 CEFREC-CAIB, 13–14, 124, 132–3, 140, 146 Centro de Formación y Realización Cinematográfica (CEFREC)/Center for Film Education and Production, 13–14, 124, 132–3, 140, 146 Centro de Trabalho Indigenista, CTI (Center for Indigenous Advocacy), 13, 128–9 La Certeza (Certainty, Armando Capó, 2012), 66–7 Céspedes, Marcelo, 4 El Chacal de Nahueltoro (Miguel Littín, 1969), 157 Chambi, Manuel, 141n8 Chanan, Michael, 3–4, 17–18, 19, 26, 47, 187, 199–200, 219, 222, 230, 251 Channel 9 (Mexico), 147, 149, 150, 159 characters, 79, 81–2, 84, 86–7, 102, 158–9, 210, 211, 213 constructing, 93–4, 103 filmmakers as, 9, 29–31 focus on, 32 Chávez, Hugo, 189–90, 191 Chekhov, Anton, 85 Chiapas Media Project, 13, 146, 149, 151 Chile Allende presidency, 2, 108, 113, 115, 173 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 260 Concertación government (1990–2010), 108, 113, 119n2, 179 democracy, transition to, 114–15, 118–19, 119n4 disappeared (detained-disappeared) persons, 48–51, 57n3, 107–8, 111–15, 175–6 exiles from, 179–80 indigenous and community media, 14–15 militant documentaries, 167 military coup of 1973, 173, 182n16 military dictatorships, 2, 108, 114–18, 119n2, 153, 168–9, 169, 170, 175–8, 182n12, 182n16 peasant communities in, 115–18 Pinochet dictatorship, 2, 108, 114–18, 119n2, 153, 169, 182n16 postdictatorship, 208, 209 referendum of 1988, 113, 114 television technology in, 168–9 torture practices, 170, 175–8, 182n11 Unidad Popular government, 108, 113, 153 Chile, la memoria obstinada (Chile, Obstinate Memory, Patricio Guzmán, 1997), 2–4, 12, 108–15, 118–19, 182n15 Chilean filmmaking activist video collectives, 169–73 anti-dictatorship activist videos, 167–70, 170, 181n6, 183nn17–18 video technology for activism in, 12–13, 168–9 Chipaya people, 131 Chirapac, 131 Christensen, Theodor, 60 chronotopes, 196, 220–1, 223, 225 Ciclón (Santiago Álvarez, 1963), 2 Cidade de Deus (City of God, Fernando Meirelles and Kátia Lund, 2002), 80–2 O Cineasta da Selva (Aurélio Michiles, 1997), 125 Cine-club of Cusco, 141n8 261 Cine de la Base, 167 Cinema Novo, 78–9, 88n2 Cine Mujer, 12 CINERGIA, 202 cities, 16–17, 18, 87, 93, 206 Buenos Aires, 17, 47, 53–5, 56n1, 189, 191–2 Córdoba, 172 in documentary, 174–6, 192, 215, 224, 225 Havana, 10, 16, 61, 67, 68, 70, 208, 209–11, 232 La Paz, 132, 134, 194 Oaxaca, 146, 156 Oruro, 18, 189 Rio de Janeiro, 11, 29, 32, 80–1, 83, 86, 91–3, 96, 103 San Juan, 224, 225 Santiago de Chile, 115, 170, 174, 175, 178 citizen journalism, 188 see also activist videos Citizen Kane (Orson Welles, 1941), 100 citizenship, globalization and, 15–16, 205–6, 210, 214 Citröen, 220 city films, 211, 220, 226 see also urban documentaries city symphony documentaries, 18, 206, 208–9, 211 La ciudad de los fotógrafos, (City of Photographs, Sebastián Moreno, 2006), 12, 109, 115–18 CLACPI, 127, 132, 141n2 Claros, Humberto, 133 class struggles, 54, 55 close-up shots, 30–1, 35, 38, 107, 138, 157–9, 171, 191, 193, 209 coca leaves, culture of, 193, 194, 195 cocaleros (coca-growers), 133, 194–5 Cocanchej Sutimpy (In the Name of Our Coca Leaves, Humberto Claros, 2005), 133 Cocolos y rockeros (Ana María García, 1992), 17 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX INDEX Coffea Arabiga (Nicolás Guillén Landrián, 1965), 72n1 Colbert Report (TV show), 248n3 Cold War, 6, 239 Colina, Enrique, 19n3 collaborative media training. see indigenous media training organizations collective authorship and production, 132–4, 171 collective enunciation, 46, 51–4, 56 collective identity, 16, 48, 49–51, 88n7, 200, 201–4 collective memories, 2, 3, 88n7, 117–18, 141, 152, 153 collective scriptwriting and production, 133–4 collectors, 228–9 Collor de Mello, Fernando, 27, 42n4 Colombia hybrid documentaries, 141n3 indigenous and community media, 130 colonialism neocolonialism, 6, 57n3, 146, 162, 181 post-colonial history, 30, 123–4, 155, 211 techno-scientific consequences of, 222 color footage, digital, 153 commentary voices, 194–5 community, notion of, 5, 10, 14, 86–7, 88n7, 178, 181 community media. see activist video collectives; indigenous and community media Compromiso cumplido (True to My Pledge, MaldeOjo TV, 2007), 14, 147, 148, 151, 152, 153, 155–60, 162n2 Comunicación de los Pueblos Indígenas (CLACPI or Latin American Council of Indigenous Peoples’ Film and Communication), 127, 132, 141n2 Concertación (1990–2010), 108, 113, 119n2, 179 consciousness, 20, 25, 27, 100, 145 diaspora, 211 gendered, 200 of the self, 49 consciousness-raising documentaries, 126 consumerism car culture, 219, 223–7 new technology and shifts to, 220 as Western value, 221 Contreras, Andrés, 156 Conversations with the Earth, 131, 142n10 “Conversations with the Pachamama” videos, 131 Cooper Bates, 151 Coordinadora Audiovisual Indígena Originaria de Bolivia (CAIB)/Indigenous Audiovisual Association of Bolivia, 13–14, 124, 132–3, 140, 146 Copacabana (Martín Rejtman, 2006), 17, 54, 55, 189, 191–2, 196 El coraje del pueblo (Ukamau Group, 1971), 158 Cordero, José Antonio, 9 Córdova, Amalia, 14, 123, 141n4, 251 corporate media. see media (corporate and state) Corrêa, Mari, 129–30, 137–9 Correa, Rafael, 189 El corredor (Cristián Leighton, 2004), 17 Corrugated Films, 14, 147, 151 Cortázar, Octavio, 20n7 Coutinho, Eduardo abstract categories, suspicion of, 76, 78 aesthetic style, 31–3 background and work, 1–6, 19n1, 31–2, 42n5, 80 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 262 Boca do lixo (1993), 32 Cabra marcado para morrer (Twenty Years After, 1984), 1–4, 26–7, 32, 42n2 camerawork, 32–3 characters, focus on, 32 dialogical dynamic of documentary performance, 76–7, 85–7, 88n7 documentary framework and style, 32–3 Edificio Master ( 2002), 32, 86–7 editing, 85 O fim e o princípio (2005), 75–6, 86 individualizing vs. generalizing, focus on, 76, 85, 88 interviews, use of, 42n5, 75–6 Jogo de cena (2007), 10, 27, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 85 Moscou (2010), 85 ordinary people, focus on, 76, 85 Peões (2004), 88–9n7 performances, 85–6 production processes, 32–3, 75–6 reenactments of testimonies, 85 Santa Marta: Duas semanas no morro (1987), 32 Santo Forte (1999), 32 Cowie, Elizabeth, 95–6 creative action, 157–61 creativity EICTV as space for, 16, 200, 201–4 filmic creativity, 152 imagination, 81–2 performative creativity, 152 crowd-sourced video, 150–2, 159 Cuba migrant communities, gender and identity, 211–14 patriarchal nationalism, 205 political discourse in, 195–6 Special Period, 16, 199–205, 207, 209–10 urbanism, crisis of, 16–17, 20n9 Cuban Film Institute (ICAIC), 10, 60, 61–2, 72n1, 199, 200, 202 263 Cuban filmmaking archives of, 72n7 Capó, Armando, 11, 59, 62–7, 71–2, 73nn10–11 car culture, 232 changes and innovation in, 59, 61–4, 70–2, 204–5 Cuban cinema vs. Cuban audiovisual culture, 59, 62, 70, 71 cultural narrative in, 11, 71–2 documentary reportage, 195 European filmmakers, influence on, 60, 61 experimental documentaries, 11, 19n3, 63, 67–70 historical identities, 68–70 homosexual representations, 11, 67–70 humor in, 8, 19n3 migration in, 16, 20n7 national allegory in, 63–4, 70, 221 national identity in, 61, 63 new media in, 204–5 nonfiction and fiction, 6, 62 uniqueness of, 62 visual culture and imagery, 205–6 Young Directors Festival, 60, 61–2, 67, 72n3 young filmmakers, 61–2 Cuban Revolution, 11, 16, 60, 68–70, 145, 201–2, 205, 210 cultural advocacy, 13–14, 123–4, 126–31, 132, 139–41, 141n4, 142n13 cultural narratives, 11, 71–2 Cultural Residues: Chile in Transition (Richard), 107 Cumaná, María Caridad, 202, 215n1 cybraceros, defined, 246 Cybracero website, 235–41, 248n1 daily life, 37–8, 192, 193 Dalton, Scott, 17 dancing, 71, 192–4 Dant, Tim, 220 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX INDEX da Silva, Elza, 93, 104n4 Davidson, Joyce, 204 de Araújo, Agesilau, 125 De Castro, Sergio, 158 Decena, Carlos Ulises, 237, 248 Défossé, Nicolás, 162 deixis and trace, 111–13, 118 De León, Jorge, 11, 59, 62–3, 67–8, 70–2, 73n10 De los Reyes, Aurelio, 15 del Rio, Patricia, 180 democracy, 2, 3, 6, 12 activist documentary questioning, 152–3 Chilean transition to, 114–15, 118–19, 119n4 political action and, 154–5 as Western value, 221 democratic communication processes, 178–81 demonstrations. see protests and demonstrations De Nadie (Tin Dirdamal, 2005), 16 Denham, Diana, 150 De Queiroz, Ruben Caxeita, 129 deterritorialization, imagery of, 205–6 Detroit: Ruin of a City (George Steinmetz and Michael Chanan, 2005), 230 De Volta à Terra Boa (Back to the Good Land, Mari Corrêa and Vincent Carelli, 2008), 135, 139 dialectical images, 119n4 dialogical strategies in Brazilian filmmaking, 76–8, 85–7 dialogue vs., 86–7 fragmentary structure, 223 listening, notion of, 76–7 retelling traumatic events, 133 social realities and performance, 76–8 Diamandaki, Katerina, 238 diasporic filmmakers, 199–201, 213–14 dictatorships. see military dictatorships Diéguez, Danae, 67 Dieleke, Edgardo, 9, 78 Diez, Daniel, 132 di Girólamo, Claudio, 174, 182n10 digital technology. see internet; media (new media and technology); video technology Dinamarca, Hernán, 168 Dirdamal, Tin, 16 disappeared (detained-disappeared) persons, 48–51, 57n3, 107–8, 111–15, 175–6 children of disappeared, 4, 19n2, 48–51, 57n3 discrimination anti-immigration sentiments, 237–48, 248n3 class struggles, 54, 55 outsourced migrant labor, 237–48 race/racial issues, 5, 7, 10, 126, 162, 214, 238, 239, 241, 242–5, 248n3 sexual minorities, 10, 11, 67–70 stereotypes, 99, 243–7 virtual identity and racism, 238–41 displacement effects of, 187, 188 emotional geography, 204, 205, 206, 208 emotion and imagery, 206–8, 210–11 indigenous communities, 133–4, 138–9 time/space and, 196 distribution processes activist videos, 14, 149–50, 162n3, 169–70, 174, 178–9, 181 in Cuba, 61 Hollywood and North American control of, 187–8 informal methods, 204 internet and digital technology for, 149–50, 188, 204, 236, 247 Di Tella, Andrés, 4, 9, 11, 52, 53 Dittborn, Eugenio, 175 Doane, Mary Ann, 112–13 docudramas, 14, 124–6, 133, 140–1, 145–6, 157–9 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 264 Doculab, 203 documentaries of return, 179–80, 182n15 documentaries on wheels, 219–20 see also car culture documentary displays, 206, 210–11, 214, 226–30 documentary realism, 150–2 documentary reportage, 18, 189, 194–6 Domènech, Josep Maria, 16 Domínguez, Ricardo, 247 do Nascimento, Julieta, 93, 94 do Nascimento, Sandro, 83, 91–100, 102–4, 104n3 Donde nació un imperio (Jorge Ruiz and Augusto Roca, 1949), 131 Donoso, Mariano, 52 Downey, Juan, 127 dreams, 64–7 drug trafficking, 17, 80–2 Dueñas Becerra, Jesús, 72n1 Dutilleux, Jean-Pierre, 126–7 Echevarría, Nicolás, 19n5 Eco, Umberto, 46 Ecos del desierto (Andrés Wood, TV series), 182n16 Ecuador anti-neoliberal ideology, 189 Correa presidency, 189 indigenous and community media in, 130, 141n4 Sarayaku community, 141n4 Edificio Master (Master, a Building in Copacabana, Eduardo Coutinho, 2002), 32, 86–7 editing, 28, 85, 96, 103, 128, 135, 150, 156, 159, 162n2, 170, 173, 191 Eduardo, Luís, 98, 103 EICTV. see Escuela Internacional de Cine y Televisión Eiland, Howard, 115 Eisenstein, Sergei M., 146, 173 Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) 265 Other Campaign, 154, 162n3, 163n9, 163n11 zapatismo as indigenous movement, 163n11 Elena (Marcelo Martín, 2012), 16 Elsaesser, Thomas, 220 El Salvador, 189 emerging filmmakers, programs for, 203–4 emotion affect vs., 27 displacement and, 206–8, 210–11 indeterminacy and, 10, 26, 27, 33, 39, 41 mourning and loss, 101–4, 109, 223 music in films, impact on, 153, 160, 171–3, 175, 181n8, 193, 240 nostalgia, 137, 179–80, 232 political documentaries, 157–61 sensation and trace, 41–2 thought and feeling, 160–1 see also affect emotional geography, 204, 205, 206, 208 En el hoyo (Juan Carlos Rulfo, 2006), 16 Engardio, Pete, 243 Engler, Mark, 241 enunciation, 46, 48–54, 56 environment and nature Amazonian deforestation and displacement, 133–4 explorations of, 38–9 indigenous respect for, 190–1 Eran unos que venían de Chile (Claudio Sapiaín, 1987), 182n15 Ereira, Alan, 127 Escenas de los muelles (Oscar Valdés, 2012), 6 Escuela Documental de Santa Fé, 167 Escuela Internacional de Cine y Televisión [EICTV] collective spaces and identity formation, 16, 88n7, 200, 201–4 curricula and cultural education projects, 62–3, 72n6, 201, 203–4 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX INDEX Escuela Internacional de Cine y Televisión [EICTV]—continued establishment of, 199–201 experimental documentaries, 62, 72n7 fiction and nonfiction boundaries, blurring, 62, 72n6 funding for, 200, 202–3 gender equity for female filmmakers, 199, 202, 205 graduates from, 63, 201–2, 215 indigenous media training, 132 international collaborations and academic exchanges, 199–204, 215n3 international student body, 201–2 uncertain future of, 199–200 Espejo para cuando me pruebe el smoking (Alejandro Fernández Mouján, 2005), 54, 55, 56 Espinosa, Julio García, 155, 201 Estadio Nacional (Carmen Luz Parot, 2003), 15 Esteva, Gustavo, 152–3, 154 Estrellas (Stars, Federico León and Marcos Martínez), 54–5 ethics of filmmaking, 6–8, 28, 31, 41, 76 indexical truth, 156–7, 158 subjectivity and, 50 ethnicity, 5, 7, 12, 19, 123–44, 190, 194, 195, 212, 239, 240 virtual ethnicity, 238–41 ethnographic approach, 19n5, 47, 55, 72n7, 125, 127–8, 210–11 ethnographic films. see indigenous and community media ethnographic repatriation, 137 European filmmaking, 60, 61 evidence, 30, 54, 92, 100, 102, 111–12, 116, 149, 150, 151, 155, 167, 168, 181, 222 exclusion, effects of, 187, 188 exiles Chilean filmmakers, 181 Cuban migrants, 205, 211–14 documentaries of return, 179–80, 182n15 nostalgic feelings of, 137, 179–80, 232 traveling filmmakers, 17–18, 187–9 Existen (Esteban Insausti, 2005), 61 experimental documentaries Cuban films, 11, 19n3, 63, 67–70 humor in, 8, 19n3 indigenous and community media, 123–5 see also hybrid documentaries Extravío (Daniellis Hernández, 2008), 203 Eyerman, Ron, 157 Facultad de Arte de los Medios de Comunicación Audiovisual (FAMCA), 204 Falcón, Ada, 52–3 family/family relationships, 9, 16, 25, 27, 28, 29, 36–40, 38, 48, 49, 64–6, 70, 71, 76, 83, 87, 94, 100, 104n4, 108, 117, 205, 207–8, 209, 212, 214, 225 El Fanguito (Jorge Luis Sánchez, 1990), 16 Fasic, 170 favelas (communities), 32, 80–3, 88n5 Featherstone, Michael, 220 female sterilization, 222 Fernández Mouján, Alejandro, 54, 55, 56 Festival of Three Continents of Nantes, 131 fictional films allegorical use of, 66 documentary footage in, 92–3, 99–100 historical events, 182n13 narrative fiction film, 66 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 266 fiction and nonfiction archival footage in fictional films, 92–3, 99–100 blurring boundaries between, 10, 27, 36–42, 42n1, 62, 72n6, 92–3, 96 in Cuban films, 6, 62 docudramas, 14, 124–6, 133, 140–1, 145–6, 157–9 historical reenactments and docudramas, 140–1 meaning and, 95–7, 109 in mockumentaries, 235–48 narration and balance, influence on, 94–7 original vs. reenacted, 85 transparency in films, 77, 155 truth claims, 111–13 Figueroa, Luis, 130, 141n8 film festivals. see international film festivals filmic creativity, 152 O fim e o princípio (The End and the Beginning, Eduardo Coutinho, 2005), 75–6, 86 Final Cut Pro, 236 first-person documentaries, 10, 45–6 depictions of the present, 54–6 first-person plural vs. first-person singular, 46–8, 50, 55–6 fragmented “I” and, 48–51 indigenous and community media, 140–1 investigations of recent history, 51–4 postmemory and recent history, 49–50 testimonial documentaries, 50 first-person voice-over narration, 109 Fitzcarraldo (Werner Herzog, 1982), 130 La flaca Alejandra (Carmen Castillo, 1994), 119n3 flashbacks, 94 Fliman, Hernán, 170 Forest of Bliss, (Robert Gardner, 1986), 211 267 Fotografías (Andrés Di Tella, 2007), 52 fragmentary structure, 223 Fragmento de un sueño (Fragment of a Dream, Grupo Proceso, 1989), 179–80, 181–2n8 framing, 38–40 freeze frames, 107, 108, 110–14, 154 Frei, Eduardo, 119n2 Freidberg, Jill Irene, 150, 151, 153 Fresa y Chocolate (Strawberry and Chocolate, Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, 1994), 67 Freud, Sigmund, 101 From the Heart of The World: Elder Brother’s Warning (Alan Ereira, 1990), 127 Frota, Monica, 12, 128 Furtado, Jorge, 8 Fusco, Coco, 237, 245 El futuro es hoy (The Future is Today, Sandra Gómez, 2009), 16, 208 Gaines, Jane M., 145 Galaz, Cristián, 183n17 La gallinita ciega (The Blind Hen, Tatiana Gaviola, 1987), 175 Gallois, Dominique, 129 Gandini, Erik, 63 García, Alfredo, 37 García, Ana María, 17, 222 García Borrero, Juan Antonio, 72n1, 72n4 García Canclini, Néstor, 196 García Yero, Olga, 60 Garibotto, Verónica, 54 Gaviola, Tatiana, 174–8 Gelpí, Juan, 225 gender. see sexuality; women gendered positionality, 205 Genpact, 243–4 genre, 8, 31, 54, 62, 80, 140, 156, 235 generic fossilization, 53 geography/geographical, 15, 18, 245 “affective geography of return,” 180 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX INDEX geography/geographical—continued “emotional geography,” 204, 205, 206, 208 intimate geography, 206 physical geography, 68 Getino, Octavio, 3, 8, 46, 145–6, 158 Gilpin, Margaret, 10 Ginsburg, Faye, 124 Giucci, Guillermo, 220, 221, 225 Gleyzer, Raymundo, 17, 158, 188–9 globalization citizenship and belonging, 15–16, 205–6, 210, 214 citizenship and identity, 214 Cuban experience of, 205 new media in filmmaking, 204–5 outsourced migrant labor, 237–48 Puerto Rico, effect on, 18, 220, 221 U.S. cultural dominance and, 243–5 Goldberg, Ruth, 11, 59, 71, 251 Gómez, Antonio, 10, 45, 54, 252 Gómez, Sandra, 16, 18, 199–201, 205–6, 208–11, 214 Gómez, Sara, 7, 10 Gómez-Peña, Guillermo, 237, 245, 247 Gonçalves, Geísa Firmo, 92, 93, 95, 96 Góngora, Augusto, 183n17 González, Elián, 210 González-Day, Ken, 248 González Rojas, Alberto, 154 González-Rubio, Pedro, 10, 27, 36–9 Goulart, João, 1, 79 Granada Television International, 127 grassroots videos. see activist documentaries; indigenous and community media Greengrass, Paul, 99 Grez, Jorge, 232 Gringoyo Productions, 151 El Grito de la Selva (Cry of the Forest, Nicolás Ipamo, Alejandro Noza and Iván Sanjinés, 2008), 133–4 Grosfóguel, Ramón, 221 Grupo Alavío, 13–14, 17 Grupo Cine Liberación, 145–6, 146, 167 Grupo Galpão, 85 Grupo Proceso (Process Group), 168, 170, 178–80, 181–2n8 Grupo Ukamau, 145–6, 158 Gualinga, Eriberto, 141n4 Guanabacoa: Crónica de mi familia (Sara Gómez, 1966), 7 La guaracha de Macho Camacho (Macho Camacho’s Beat, Sánchez), 220–1 Guarani people, 126 Os Guaranis (Regina Jehá, 1975), 126, 141n1 Guarini, Carmen, 4 Guerra, Ruy, 126 Guevara, Che, 68, 69, 73n13, 210 Guilbe, Carlos, 226–7 Guillen, Michael, 237 Guillén Landrián, Nicolás, 10–11, 19, 59–61, 65–7, 70–2 background and work, 10–11, 19, 59–61, 72nn1–3 Coffea Arabiga (1965), 72n1 foreign quality of films, 60, 61 humor in experimental documentaries, 19n3 influence on young filmmakers, 59–61, 63 Ociel del Toa (1965), 70–1, 72n1 production and style techniques, 60–1, 65–7 Reportaje (1966), 66, 70–1 Gunning, Tom, 112 Gutiérrez Alea, Tomás, 63, 67, 157, 209 Guzmán, Patricio, 2–6, 25–6, 95, 108–9, 112–15, 182nn15–16 La batalla de Chile (1975–1979), 2, 3, 108, 112, 113, 115, 153, 158 El caso Pinochet (2001), 182 Chile, la memoria obstinada (1997), 2–4, 12, 108–15, 118–19, 182n15 Nostalgia de la luz (2010), 182n16 Salvador Allende (2004), 182n15 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 268 Habegger, Andrés, 4, 52 Hachazos (Andrés Di Tella, 2011), 52, 53 Halbwachs, Maurice, 117 Halkin, Alexandra, 149 Hall, Stuart, 212 Hamburger, Esther, 81, 84 hand-held video, 116, 148, 151, 155, 206–7 Haraway, Donna, 245 Hardt, Michael, 147, 160–1 Hassan, Heidi, 18, 199, 200, 201, 205–6, 211, 213–14 Havana Film Festival, 132, 203 Hayles, N. Katherine, 238 hegemony, 3, 151, 168, 169 Henrichsen, Leonardo, 95, 153 Hentschler, Matthias, 20n9 heritage recovery, 135–6, 139, 141n3 Herzog, Werner, 30, 130 (h) historias cotidianas (Andrés Habegger, 2000), 4, 52 H.I.J.O.S. (Hijos por la Identidad y la Justicia contra el Olvido y el Silencio), 56, 57n3 “hinge” films, 26 Hirsch, Marianne, 49 Hirszman, Leon, 20n10 historical documentaries disappeared (detained-disappeared) persons, 4, 19n2, 48–51, 57n3, 107–8, 111–15, 175–6 investigations and narrator detectives, 52–3 post-colonial history, 30, 123–4, 155, 211 postmemory and reenactments, 49–50 self and recent history, 51–4 historical identities, 68–70 historical narratives, 132–4 historical present, 196 Hollywood, 84, 187–8 Hombres de mal tiempo (Alejandro Saderman, 1968), 6 269 home and family documentaries of return, 179–80, 182n15 “portable homelands,” 204–6 returning to, 205, 206 as space, 204–6, 214 homeland narratives, 204, 206–14 homeless children, 93–4, 98 home video footage, 38, 244 homosexuality, 11, 67–70 Honigmann, Heddy, 16–17, 232 La hora de los hornos (The Hour of the Furnaces, Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino, 1968), 3, 8, 46, 158 Horman, Paula, 17 Hotel Bauen (Grupo Alavío, 2008), 17 Huellas de sal (Traces of Salt, Andrés Vargas, 1990), 180 human body, 29, 35, 107, 112, 113, 118, 148, 152, 160, 240, 247 automobility and displays of, 226–8 body/machine matrix, 238, 240 body of the other, 237 human rights abuses. see military dictatorships; violence human rights movements. see activist videos; social movements humor in experimental documentaries, 8, 19n3 in indigenous films, 137 mockumentaries, 18–19, 235–48 as social commentary, 229, 242–3 in socio-political films, 156 Humphreys, Laura-Zöe, 202, 208 Hunikui people, 139 hybrid documentaries aesthetics, 124–5 Colombian, 141n3 docudramas, 14, 124–6, 133, 140–1, 145–6, 157–9 experimental documentaries, 11, 19n3, 63, 67–70 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX INDEX hybrid documentaries—continued indigenous video projects as, 14, 124–6, 140 political documentaries, 156–7 Iauaretê, Cachoeira das Onças (Waterfall of the Jaguars, Vincent Carelli, 2006), 135–6 IBERMEDIA, 202 ICAIC (Cuban Film Institute), 10, 60, 61–2, 72n1, 199, 200, 202 Ictus People’s Theatre (Teatro Popular Ictus), 173–8, 183n17 Ictus TV (Chile), 168, 170, 173–4, 178, 182n9, 183n17 identity authorial directors, 47, 51 Brazilian national identity, 79–80 collective vs. individual identity, 16, 48, 49–51, 88n7, 200, 201–4 Cuban national identity, 61, 63 cultural identity, promoting, 13–14, 123–4, 126–31, 132, 140, 142n13 first-person plural vs. first-person singular, 46–8 gender and migration, 211–14 historical identities, 68–70 homosexuality and identity, 10, 11, 67–70 national identity, 17, 61, 63, 79–80, 126 new identities in American post-modern films, 45–7 self-inscription, 45–7 shared experiences and, 84–7, 88n7 shared identity complex, 188–91 virtual identity and racism, 238–41 Ikpeng, Kumaré, and Karané (Txicão), 137–9, 142n16 Ikpeng people, 137–9, 140, 142n16 Ilha das Flores (Isle of Flowers, Jorge Furtado, 1989), 8 Illapu (musical band), 179 The Illusion (Susana Barriga, 2008), 61, 203, 206–7 imagery and images in activist videos, 171–8, 181 affect and political action, 145–5, 157–61, 162 black-and-white images, 38, 64, 146 cars and moving vehicles, 220 chronology and, 32 crowd-sourced photos, 150–2, 159 in Cuban films, 64–5 Cuban visual culture, 205–6, 214 cultural image collages, 237 deixis and trace, 111–13, 118 dialectical images, 119n4 displacement and emotion, 205–8, 210–11 dreams and visions, 64–7 framing, 38–40 freeze frames, 107, 108, 110–14, 154 identity and gender in migrant communities, 211–14 in media, effect of, 80–4 melodramatic images, 35–6 political time and, 111, 113–15, 117, 118, 119n4 protests and demonstrations, 134, 147, 149–50, 156, 171–8, 193 slow-motion images, 71, 83, 95–6, 100, 112, 176 space/time and, 110–11, 209 urban violence, 80–4 Images of the Repression (MaldeOjo TV, 2007), 149 imagination, 81–2 immigration, 16, 237–48, 248n3 independent video organizations. see activist video collectives; indigenous media training organizations indeterminacy, 10, 26, 27, 33, 39, 41 index, 25–6, 47, 50, 129, 151, 152 deixis and trace, 111–13, 118 indexical emphasis, 156 indexical truth, 156–7, 158 India Cabaret (Mira Nair, 1985), 82 Indian off-shore facilities, 243–4 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 270 indigenismo, 19 indigenous and community media advocacy promoted by, 13–14, 123–4, 126–31, 132, 139–41, 141n4, 142n13 Andean communities, 130–1 archival footage, 124, 134–5, 138–40 Argentina, 13–14 Bolivia, 13–14, 124, 131–3, 140, 146 Brazil, 12–13, 128–31 Cuba, 132 emergence of, 123–5 ethnographic, focus of, 37–8 exclusion from corporate media, 127, 187, 188 heritage recovery, 135–6, 139 historical reenactments and docudramas, 140–1 Mekaron Opoi D’joi (He Who Creates Images) project, 13–14, 128 other, concept of, 37–8 Peru, 130–1, 141nn6–8 indigenous communities anticolonial struggle of, 153–4 contact with, 135–40 displacement of, 133–4, 138–9 documentaries embracing issues of, 126 environment and nature, respect for, 190–1 in Mexico, 146, 153–4, 154 missionization of, 126, 136 Morales as indigenous president, 18, 133, 189, 191, 194–5 multicultural and shared histories of, 5–6 zapatismo as indigenous movement, 163n11 indigenous languages, 131, 135, 188 indigenous media training organizations Brazil, 13, 14, 124, 128–31, 135, 140, 146 271 CEFREC-CAIB, 13–14, 124, 132–3, 140, 146 Chirapac, 131 Comunicación de los Pueblos Indígenas (CLACPI or Latin American Council of Indigenous Peoples’ Film and Communication), 127, 132, 141n2 Conversations with the Earth, 131, 142n10 Coordinadora Audiovisual Indígena Originaria de Bolivia (CAIB)/Indigenous Audiovisual Association of Bolivia, 13–14, 124, 132–3, 140, 146 InsightShare Hubs, 131, 142n10 Sallqavideastas, 131, 142n10 Vídeo nas Aldeias (VNA)/Video in the Villages project, 13, 14, 124, 128–31, 135, 140, 146 indigenous misrepresentations, 124–5 individualism, 221 Indymedia Oaxaca, 149, 151 Infancia clandestina (Benjamín Ávila, 2011), 56 Insausti, Esteban, 19n3, 61 InsightShare Hubs, 131, 142n10 Instituto Cubano del Arte e Industria Cinematográficos (ICAIC), 10, 60, 61–2, 72n1, 199, 200, 202 Instituto Nacional de Cine y Artes Audiovisuales (INCAA), 57n6 Instituto Nacional Indigenista, 124 Instituto Profesional Arcos, 170–1 international film festivals academic exchanges and collaborations, 202–4 Bolivian films, 131–2, 132, 134, 190 Cuban films, 72n3, 203–4 for distribution, 187, 236 Festival of Three Continents of Nantes, 131 Havana Film Festival, 132, 203 indigenous and community media, 131–6, 139 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX INDEX international film festivals—continued International Indigenous Peoples’ Film and Video Festival, 139, 146, 149 V American Festival of Indigenous Peoples’ Film and Video, 135 Young Directors Festival, 60, 61–2, 67, 72n3 International Indigenous Peoples’ Film and Video Festival, 139, 146, 149 internet digital and internet technology, 5–6, 13–14, 18–19 digital technologies of place, 204–6 for distribution, 149–50, 188, 204, 236, 247 for performance projects, 247 social media networks, 202, 204 uses of for filmmaking, 5–6, 13–14 virtual identity and racism, 238–41 see also media (new media and technology) internet documentaries, 235–6 intertitles, 148, 149 interviews and testimonies, 1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11, 18, 19n2 in activist videos, 149, 150, 151–2 affect and emotion, 159 archival footage combined with, 84 audiovisual testimonies, 170 car users, 223 in Coutinho’s work, 75–6 nonfiction actors vs. real people, 80–3 original vs. reenacted, 85 performance and, 81–3 political documentaries, 156, 159 reenactments of, 85 shared experiences, 84–7, 88n7 state terrorism survivors, 50 street children, 93–4 testimonial documentaries, 135 witness testimonies, 50, 182n16 Inti-Illimani (musical band), 179–80 intimacy in first-person documentaries, 48–51, 56 in observational documentaries, 39 spaces and, 205, 206, 214 Invisible Cinema website, 236, 237, 245, 248n2 Ipamo, Nicolás, 133 Isla Chatarra (Karen Rossi, 2007), 18, 219, 221–6, 228–32 Isla de Maipo, 115–16 Islas, Alejandra, 10 Ivens, Joris, 60 J. G. Araújo Company, 125 Jabor, Arnaldo, 16, 79 Jaguaribe, Beatriz, 83 Jameson, Fredric, 41, 42n2, 196 Já Me Transformei em Imagem (I’ve Already Become an Image, VNA, 2008), 135, 139 Jamison, Andrew, 157 Jarlan, André, 174 Jehá, Regina, 126 Jenkins, Henry, 238 Jesuit missionization, 126, 136 JFK (Oliver Stone, 1991), 99 Jiménez Leal, Orlando, 214 Jogo de cena (Playing, Eduardo Coutinho, 2007), 10, 27, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 85 Johnson, Randal, 126 Juárez, Enrique, 172 Kalafatic, Carol, 142n13 Kaplan, Caren, 245 Katari, Tupac, 194 Kaufman, Anthony, 241 Kayapo people, 128 Kayapo Video Project, 127–9 Kiarostami, Abbas, 20n10 Kichwa people, 130, 141nn4–5 Kittler, Friedrich, 238 Klein, Kerwin Lee, 117 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 272 knowledge, 10, 27, 41, 130, 155, 203, 212, 224 absence of, 49 embodied knowledge, 226, 227 local knowledge, 13 scientific knowledge, 222 self-knowledge, 9 subject of knowledge, 226–7 “voices of knowledge,” 93–4 Koconuco people, 141n3 Koehler, Robert, 37, 192 Kogi people, 127 Kracauer, Siegfried, 110 Kuarup (Ruy Guerra, 1989), 126 Kukuli (Luis Figueroa, 1961), 130 labor. see workers Lagos, Ricardo, 119n2 Lara, María del Carmen de, 9 Last Stop 174 (Bruno Barreto, 2008), 99–100, 104n4 Latin America, as region, 2, 7 Latin American documentary, changes in, 2–7 Latin American filmmaking affective elements of, 25, 26–7, 42 anti-North/anti-neoliberalism and, 189–90, 191 changes and innovation in, 59, 61–4, 70–2, 204–5 indigenismo, 5–6, 19n5 militant documentaries, 167 military dictatorships, effect on, 25–6 multiculturalism and diversity in, 5–6 New Latin American Cinema, 2, 42n1, 131–2, 157, 201, 202, 204–5 photographic trace in, 25 revolutionary cinema, 146, 153–5, 157–61, 205–6, 214 self-inscription in, 45, 46 self-reflexivity in, 20–31, 26 social movements, growth of, 190 subjectivity emerging in, 26, 40, 45–6, 47, 50–2 273 Third Cinema, influence on, 7, 46, 53, 146 video activism, 127–32, 168–9 young filmmakers, 190–1 Laub, Dori, 102 law enforcement. see military dictatorships; police and military forces Lechuga, Carlos, 61 Leduc, Paul, 19n5 leftist ideologies, 1, 6, 57n5, 134, 152, 153, 154, 182n11, 189–90, 191 Leighton, Cristián, 17 León, Federico, 54, 55 Leu, Lorraine, 92, 98, 102–3 Leyva Madrid, Marcos, 152 La Libertad (Lisandro Alonso, 2001), 37 lieux de mémoire concept, 28–9, 116–17 Lima, Walter, Jr., 126 Liñero, Germán, 14–15, 167, 181–2n8, 183n18, 252 Linha de montagem (Renato Tapajós, 1982), 20n10 Lins, Consuelo, 19n1, 32, 76, 80, 81, 85, 86, 87 listening, notion of, 76–7 Littín, Miguel, 157 Llosa, Claudia, 141n6 local documentaries, 188 local/translocal filmmaking, 15–19, 146, 155–6 London, England, 206–8 Longhini, Ricardo, 55 Lonquén Furnaces, 115–18 López, Ana M., 10, 19, 25, 42n1, 85, 220, 252 Lord, Susan, 18, 62, 199, 202, 215n1, 252 Los que se quedan (Juan Carlos Rulfo, 2008), 16 Lowenstein, Adam, 101 Löwy, Michael, 189 Lucía (Humberto Solás, 1968), 63, 70 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX INDEX Luna, Patricio, 133 Lund, Kátia, 17, 80, 81 M. (Nicolás Prividera, 2007), 52 Machado, Jorge, 37–40, 210 Machado, Natan, 37–8, 40, 41 machine/body matrix, 238, 240 machismo, 67–8, 224 Madagascar (Fernando Pérez, 1995), 209 Madeinusa (Claudia Llosa, 2006), 141n6 MaldeOjo TV, 13, 14, 146–7, 149, 151, 157, 162n2 Maldonado, Eduardo, 19n5 El Malecón (Havana, Cuba), 208–11 Malig, Germán, 178 Manns, Patricio, 180 Marangmotxingo Mïrang (From the Ikpeng Children to the World, Kumaré and Karané Ikpeng), 142 March for Land and Dignity, 134 Marcovich, Carlos, 209 Margulies, Ivone, 139 Margulis, Paola, 183n18 Mariposas en el andamio (Luis Felipe Bernaza and Margaret Gilpin, 1996), 10 Marker, Chris, 60 Marti, José, 68, 210 Martín, Marcelo, 16 Martín Barbero, Jesús, 57n5 Martínez, Marcos, 54 Martínez, Margarita, 17 Mashikuna/Compañeros (Alberto Muenala, 1995), 141n5 Massey, Doreen, 204 Massumi, Brian, 27, 147, 160–1 ¿Más vale maña que fuerza? (María del Carmen de Lara, 2007), 9 Mattos, Sérgio, 80 May, Todd, 148 McLaughlin, Kevin, 115 McMaster, Gerald, 126 meaning, creating, 41, 95–7, 109 media collectives. see activist video collectives; indigenous and community media media (corporate and state) alternative news sources vs., 12, 13–14, 149, 150–5, 173–4, 178–9 biased reporting by, 148–9 Brazilian culture, saturation of, 4, 78, 79–80, 125 control of information by, 2, 13–15, 127, 187, 188 growth of, 4–5 heterogeneity of, 5 Hollywood, 84, 187–8 indigenous media, exclusion from, 127, 187, 188 non-mainstream media vs., 12, 13 social movement’s takeovers of, 14, 147, 148, 150–9 social visibility given by, 82–4, 92–3, 99 state-owned media, 2, 15, 147, 149, 150, 159, 162n5 urban violence and media images, 80–4 media (new media and technology) alternate news sources, 12, 13–14, 149, 150–5, 173–4, 178–9 body/machine matrix, 238, 240 changes in documentary production and, 2, 7, 11–12, 236–7 computer-assisted production, 236–7 consumerism and, 220–1 in Cuban filmmaking, 204–5 effects on viewer experience, 238 internet and digital technologies, uses of, 5–6, 12–14, 18–19 online social networks, 202, 204 in Puerto Rican filmmaking, 221, 222 racism and virtual identity, 238–41 video technology, 12–13, 168–9, 174, 179, 183n18 virtual ethnicities, 238 websites, 13, 18, 136, 147, 235–7, 240, 241–3, 244, 245, 247 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 274 Megill, Allan, 117 Megkronoti people, 126–7 Meirelles, Fernando, 80 Mekaron Opoi D’joi (He Who Creates Images) project, 13–14, 128 Mekas, Jonas, 63 melancholia, 30, 31, 41, 101–4 Melaza (Carlos Lechuga, 2012), 61 Memoria del saqueo (Social Genocide, Fernando Solanas, 2004), 46–7, 50 Memorias del subdesarrollo (Memories of Underdevelopment, Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, 1968), 157, 209 memory collective memories, 2, 3, 88n7, 117–18, 141, 152, 153 deixis and trace, 111–13, 118 documentaries of return, 179–80, 182n15 lieux de mémoire concept, 28–9, 116–17 mourning, effect on, 109 past and present together, 103–4 postmemory, 49–50 self-reflexivity and, 109 spatial dimensions of, 109–11, 115–18, 118 traumatic experiences and, 107–10 Menchú, Rigoberta, 195 Menem, Carlos, 56n1, 57n5 Menéndez, Oscar, 19n5 Menezes, Claudia, 141n2 Mesquita, Cláudia, 76, 80, 81 Mestman, Mariano, 172 O Mestre e o Divino (The Master and Divino, VNA, 2013), 135 Metal y melancolía (Heddy Honigmann, 1993), 16–17, 232 meta-time-space documentaries, 109–11, 118 Mexican Revolution, 15, 160, 189 Mexico activist documentaries in, 152–3 indigenous and community media in, 13–14, 19n5, 162n2 275 indigenous uprisings and resistance, 153–4 mass media in, 148–9 migrant labor from, 237–48 Oaxaca Uprising, 139, 146–53 post-1968 politics, 17, 158, 188–9 Zapatista social movements, 154, 162, 162n3, 163n9, 163n11 México, la revolución congelada (Raymundo Gleyzer, 1973), 17, 158, 188–9 Michiles, Aurélio, 125 Migrantes (João Batista de Andrade, 1973), 16 migrants and migration anti-immigration sentiments, 237–48, 241, 248n3 Bolivian migrants in Buenos Aires, 17, 191–2, 196 border-crossing plots, 18–19 displacement and emotions of, 205–8, 210–11 identity, mobility and place, 15–17, 20n7, 158, 188–9 identity and gender, 211–14 translocal migrant imaginaries, 205 militant documentaries, 167 military dictatorships, 1–2, 3 Argentina, 4–5, 19n2, 50–4, 57n3, 168 Brazil, 1, 79–80, 125, 168 Chile, 2, 108, 114–18, 119n2, 153, 168–9, 169, 170, 175–8, 182n12, 182n16 disappeared (detained-disappeared) persons, 4, 19n2, 48–51, 57n3, 107–8, 111–15, 175–6 effect on filmmaking, 25–6 genocide, 57n3, 181 torture practices, 170, 175–8, 182n11 missionization, 126, 136 The Mission (Roland Joffé, 1986), 126 Mixtec people, 146, 153, 154 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX INDEX mobility automobility and car culture, 219, 221, 222–6, 232–3 human body and, 226–8 migration and, 219–20 as Western value, 221 mockumentaries, 18–19, 235–48 Moore, Michael, 232 Morales, Evo, 18, 133, 189, 191, 194–5 Morales, María, 133 Moreno, Sebastián, 109, 117–18 Moscou (Eduardo Coutinho, 2010), 85 mourning loss and, 109, 223 traumatic experiences and, 101–4 Muenala, Alberto, 130, 141n5 La muerte de un burócrata (Death of a Bureaucrat, Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, 1966), 63 Mujeres por la vida (Women for Life), 175, 182n11 multiculturalism and diversity homosexuality and identity, 10, 11, 67–70 in Latin American filmmaking, 5–6 Muñoz, Lorena, 52–3 music, in filmmaking, 17, 71, 95, 100, 193 of indigenous people, 191–3, 195 political messages and emotions in, 153, 160, 171–3, 175, 181n8, 193, 240 musical documentaries, 17, 179–80 Muxes: Auténticas, intrépidas y buscadoras de peligro (Alejandra Islas, 2005), 10 My First Contact (Kumaré, and Karané Ikpeng/Txicão, 2005), 137–8, 139 Naficy, Hamid, 204 Nair, Mira, 82 Nakamura, Lisa, 238, 245 narration changes in Cuban films, 61, 62–4, 71–2 commentary voices, 194–5 by filmmakers, 75 first-person voice-over narration, 109 historical investigations and narrator detectives, 52–3 homeland narratives, 206–14 in indigenous media, 124–5, 133 in internet-based films, 239 of letters, 207 non-verbal films vs., 191–2 radical political films, 155–6 traumatic experiences, 101–4, 107–10 in urban documentaries, 92–3 narrative documentaries autobiographical narratives, 45, 194–5 cultural narratives, 11, 71–2 first-person documentaries, 45–51, 55–6, 140–1 historical narratives, 132–4 homeland narratives, 204, 206–14 nation, 2, 5, 6, 11, 15–16, 18, 63–6, 69, 71, 72, 92, 102, 103, 125, 126, 134, 140, 154, 168, 169–70, 174, 179–81, 187–9, 201, 204, 205, 210, 211, 214, 219–33, 236, 238 national allegory, 63–4, 221 National Foundation for Indians (Fundação Nacional do Indio), 129 national identity, 17, 61, 63, 79–80, 126 see also Brazilian filmmaking; Cuban filmmaking; identity National Meetings of Indigenous Filmmakers, 136 nature. see environment and nature Natuyu, 137 Navajo Films Themselves, 127 Navarro, Luis, 115–16 Navarro, Vinicius, 1, 11, 75, 252–3 Nayman, Adam, 36 Nemser, Daniel, 163n12 neocolonialism, 6, 146, 244 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 276 neoliberalism Argentine economic policies and, 56n1, 57n5 capitalism, 67, 73n13, 221 in Chile, 114 rejection of, 189–90, 191 Neves, Janaína, 98 New Latin American Cinema, 2, 42n1, 131–2, 157, 201, 202, 204–5 new media. see media (new media and technology) news alternative news sources, 13–14, 149, 150–5, 173–4, 178–9 biased reporting in, 148–9 corporate control of information and, 2, 13–15, 127, 187, 188 see also media (corporate and state) newsreels, 8, 125 see also archival footage Nichols, Bill, 11, 77, 126, 129–30, 137, 155–6 Nicolasito. see Guillén Landrián, Nicolás Nietos (identidad y memoria), (Benjamín Ávila, 2004), 56 nighttime shots, 148, 155 La Niña Mala (The Bad Girl, Jorge De León, 201), 70–1 Nishiyama, Eulogio, 141n8 Noel Nutels (Marco Altberg, 1975), 126 No (Pablo Larraín, 2013), 182n13 Nómadas, 131, 141n7 No me olvides (Don’t Forget Me, Tatiana Gaviola, 1988), 175–7 nonfiction actors, 80–2 nonfictional performance, 75–6, 77, 79–80 nonfiction and fiction. see fiction and nonfiction nonfiction film, fictional aesthetics, 66 non-verbal documentaries, 191–2 No olvidar (Ignacio Agüero, 1982), 119n3 277 No País das Amazonas (Silvino Santos and Agesilau de Araújo, 1922), 125 Nora, Pierre, 28–9, 116, 117 Noronha, Linduarte, 2, 88n2 Nos Quedamos (We Stay, Armando Capó, 2008), 63, 64–6 nostalgia, 137, 179–80, 232 Nostalgia de la luz (Patricio Guzmán, 2010), 182n16 Notícias de uma guerra particular (Bulletins from a Private War, Kátia Lund and João Moreira Salles, 1999), 17, 81–2, 83 Nouzeilles, Gabriela, 9, 78 Noza, Alejandro, 133 Nuestra Voz de Tierra¸Memoria y Futuro (Our Voice of Land, Memory and Future, Jorge Silva and Marta Rodríguez, 1982), 141n3 Nueva Imagen, 183n17 NUEVAS MIRADAS forum, 203 Oaxaca Uprising, 139, 146–53 Obama, Barack, 248n3 objectivity, 42, 47, 55 observational documentaries, 39, 76–7, 193–4 Ociel del Toa (Nicolás Guillén Landrián, 1965), 70, 71, 72n1 “Octubre Negro” protests, 193–4 Oiga, vea (Luis Ospina, 1971), 16 Ojo de Agua Comunicación, 146, 149–50, 151, 162n2 Olivares, Roberto, 149 El olvido (Heddy Honigmann, 2009), 17 Ônibus 174 (Bus 174, José Padilha, 2002), 4–5, 11–12, 83–4, 88n6, 91–104 La operación (Ana María García, 1982), 222 A opinião pública (Public Opinion, Arnaldo Jabor, 1967), 16, 79 oppositional media. see activist videos optimism, 159–62 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX INDEX Opus (Mariano Donoso, 2005), 52 Orgasmo callejero (Street Orgasm, “music video” 1987), 171–3, 181n8 Orozco, Alejandra Sánchez, 9 Orquesta Rio Infinito (musical band), 190 Ortega, Luis, 204 Ortega, María Luisa, 17 Oruro, Bolivia, 18, 189–90, 194–6 Ospina, Luis, 16 other, concept of, 37–8 Other Campaign, 154, 162, 162n3, 163n9, 163n11 otherness, 37–8 Outsource2india, 248n4 Pachamama, 131, 190 Padilha, José, 4, 11, 83–4, 91–6, 100–4, 104n4 Paine, Chris, 232 El país de mi padre (Carmen Castillo, 2002), 182n15 Palacios, José Miguel, 12, 107, 253 Palombini, Roberta, 37–8 Panará people, 139 Pank, Peter, 52–3 Pankararu de Brejo dos Padres (Vladimir Carvalho, 1977), 126 Papá Iván (María Inés Roqué, 2004), 4, 52, 56 Paraguay, military dictatorships in, 168 Paranaguá, Paulo Antonio, 7, 9 Patria (Susana Barriga, 2007), 61 Patricio Aylwin, Patricio, 119n2 Paulo VI (Pope), 182n12 peasant communities, 15–16, 20n7, 75–6, 115–16 Pedrero, Mayckell, 17 Peirce, Charles, 112–13 La peli de Batato (Goyo Anchou and Peter Pank, 2011), 52, 53 Penske Truck Leasing, 243–4 Peões (Metalworkers, Eduardo Coutinho, 2004), 88–9n7 Pêra, Marília, 35 Pereira, Renato, 12 Pérez, Fernando, 17, 63, 67, 209 Pérez, Gustavo, 16 performance Coutinho on, 85–7 dialogical strategies, 76–8, 85–7 in documentaries on wheels, 226–8 fiction and fact, blurring, 92–3 interviews and, 81–3 listening vs. observing and, 76–7 nonfiction actors vs. real people, 80–3 nonfictional performance, 75–6, 77, 79–80, 85 perspectives on reality and, 87–8 professional actors, 33–6, 41 purpose of, 77 reenactments vs. original testimonies, 85 self-presentation, 83 self-reflexive processes and the other, 85–6 shared experiences, 84–7, 88n7 social actors, 11, 16, 77, 148, 153, 158, 226, 228 staged scenes, 35, 39, 50, 56, 81, 91–2, 98, 134–5, 140, 213–14 subject’s role and, 75–6, 77, 88 see also interviews and testimonies performative creativity, 152 Peris Blanes, Jaume, 109 El Perro del Hortelano (Renzo Zanelli, 2010), 141n6, 142n12 personal filmmaking, 6, 45–56 perspectives, filmmakers shaping, 191, 196–7 Peru car culture, 232 indigenous and community media in, 130–1, 141nn6–8 photography crowd-sourced photos, 150–2, 159 deixis and trace, 111–13, 118 see also imagery and images Piña, Manuel, 209 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 278 Pinhanta, Isaac, 130 Pinochet, Augusto, 2, 108, 114–18, 119n2, 153, 169, 182n16 Pírinop: My First Contact (Kumaré, and Karané Ikpeng/Txicão, 2007), 135, 138–9 La Piscina (Carlos Quintela, 2011), 61 place-making in film, for women, 205 place/space relationships, 16–18 Cuban Malecón in films, 208–11 deterritorialization, 205–6 digital technology and virtualized places, 204–6 home, returning to, 205, 206 home and family, as space, 204–6, 214 identity, mobility and migration, 17, 158, 188–9 intimate spaces, 205, 206, 214 lieux de mémoire, 28–9, 116–17 El Malecón representing, 208–11 politics of place and self-reflexivity, 205–6 public space, use of, 213–14 social places and car culture, 225 spatial dimensions of memory, 115–18 Plan Nacional Indígena de Comunicación Audiovisual (National Indigenous Communication Plan), 132–3 Pocha Nostra website, 247 Podalsky, Laura, 157 police and military forces, 1–2 farmworkers, abuse of, 239 Rio Candelária massacre, 93, 94, 98 in urban settings, 93 violence of in protests, 56n1, 175–8 see also military dictatorships; protests and demonstrations political action affect and, 145–5, 157–61, 162 political activity vs., 148 radical acts vs., 147–8 political activism. see activist videos 279 political agendas, filmmakers shaping, 191, 196–7 political documentaries, 2, 3, 8, 10, 14–15 depictions of the present in, 54–6 emotion and, 157–61 form and style, 155–7 as hybrid documentaries, 156–7 indexical emphasis and truth, 156–7, 158 investigations of recent history, 51–4 optimism, 159–62 social movements, representations of, 158–9 socio-political nature of, 25–6 transparency in, 77, 155 traumatic experiences in, 4, 48–51 political mimicry, 145 political prisoners. see military dictatorships political reportage, 18, 189, 194–6 political time, 111, 113–15, 117, 118, 119n4 political video documentaries. see activist videos politics, representation of, 2 The Politics of Documentary (Chanan), 3–4, 26 Un poquito de tanta verdad (MaldeOjo TV and Corrugated Films, 2007), 14, 147, 148, 150–9 “portable homelands,” 204–6 post-dictatorial documentaries, 5–6, 19n2 “posthuman” formation, 238 postmemory, 49–50 postmodernism, 41, 45, 47, 50 La Potajera (Havana, Cuba), 67–8 Poveda, Christian, 17 Prelorán, Jorge, 20n7 O prisioneiro da grade de ferro (Paulo Sacramento, 2003), 17 Los Prisioneros (musical band), 181–2n8 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX INDEX private and public spheres, 25–6, 33, 45, 46, 49, 56 Prividera, Nicolás, 52 Process Group (Grupo Proceso), 168, 170, 178–81, 181–2n8 production processes changes in Cuban films, 61–2 collective production, 132–4, 171 computer-assisted production, 236–7 independent and activist videos, 168–70, 172–3, 181 informal methods, 204 ordinary people, use of, 75–6 profilmic, 55, 76–7, 91, 145, 152, 156, 157, 227 protests and demonstrations anti-dictatorship demonstrations in Chile, 167–8 Buenos Aires 2001 street revolts, 47, 51, 56n1 Chilean 1983 demonstrations, 169, 171–8 collectivity and, 152, 153 indigenous uprisings and resistance, 153–4 March for Land and Dignity, 134 media takeovers by, 14, 147, 148, 150–9 Oaxaca Uprising, 139, 146–53 “Octubre Negro” protests, 193–4 police and military violence in, 56n1, 175–8 as political acts, 147–55 Zapatista’s Other Campaign, 154, 162, 162n3, 163n9, 163n11 public and private spheres, 25–6, 33, 45, 46, 49, 56 public space, use of, 213–14 public sphere, 2, 4, 6, 25, 56, 80, 102, 191, 195 Puerto Rico car culture, 18, 219, 221–6, 228–32 consumerism and car culture, 219, 223–7 globalization in, 18, 220, 221 industrialization and spatial transformation in, 221 science and technology in films, 221–2 status as U.S. territory, 233n1 Quilapayún (musical band), 179 Quintana, Carmen Gloria, 177 Quintela, Carlos, 61, 66 race/racial issues, 5, 7, 10, 126, 162, 214, 238, 239, 241, 242–5, 248n3 see also discrimination Radio Plantón, 150, 156, 159, 163n13 radio transmissions, 65 Rancière, Jacques, 147–8, 150, 152–4, 156, 159, 161–2 Raoni (Jean-Pierre Dutilleux and Luiz Carlos Saldanha, 1978), 126 “rasquache aesthetic,” 237 realism documentary realism, 150–2 in indigenous media, 123 reenactments artificial reconstructions, 92–3 fiction and nonfiction in, 92–3 historical films and docudramas, 140–1 postmemory and, 49–50 professional actors, 33–6, 41 of testimonies, 85 reflexivity, 8, 9, 11 see also self-reflexivity reframing techniques, 117–18 Rejtman, Martín, 17, 54, 55, 189, 191–3, 196–7 Renov, Michael, 8, 45–7, 51, 56, 77, 112 repetition, 34, 101, 104 reportage, political, 18, 189, 194–6 Reportaje (Nicolás Guillén Landrián, 1966), 66, 70–1 representational strategies actors, 33–5, 49, 80–2 actors vs. real people, 81–3 documentary displays, 206, 210–11, 214, 226–30 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 280 historical representations of past, 103–4, 111–15 location and place, 208–11 political reportage, 18, 189, 194–6 politics of place and imagery, 205–6 reenactments, 33–5, 85, 124–5, 137–41 slow-motion images, 71, 83, 95–6, 100, 112, 176 social movements and political videos, 158–9 traumatic experiences, 93–7, 101–4, 107–10 see also narration República Guarani (Sylvio Back, 1978/1982), 126 revolutionary cinema, 68–70, 146, 153–5, 157–61, 205–6, 214 Revolution (Maykel Pedrero, 2009), 17 Reyes, Dean Luis, 61–2, 72n7 rhetoric, 7–8, 11, 45–8, 52, 55, 152, 156–7, 227, 240, 242, 245 Richard, Nelly, 107–9, 114 Rios, Luis, 12 Rivera, Alex, 18–19, 235–48, 248n1 on “cybracero” terminology, 239 Cybracero website, 235–9, 241, 248n1 The Sixth Section (2003), 236 Sleep Dealer (2008), 235, 236, 242, 245, 248 Why Cybraceros? (Alex Rivera, 1997/2003), 18, 235–42, 248n2 Robin Hood, 68–9 Roca, Augusto, 131 Rock Brasília: Era de ouro (Vladimir Carvalho, 2011), 17 Rodríguez, Gabriel, 226–8 Rodríguez, Juan Carlos, 1, 18, 219, 253 Rodríguez, Marta, 20n7, 20n10, 141n3 Rodríguez Ramos, José M., 124 Roger and Me (Michael Moore, 1989), 232 Rojas, M. Claudia, 117 Rolando, Gloria, 9–10 281 Romero, Luis Alberto, 56n1 Ronkonkamekra, vulgo Canela (Walter Lima Jr., 1974), 126 Roqué, María Inés, 4, 52, 56 Rosell, Ulises, 54 Rosenfeld, Lotty, 175 Rossington, Michael, 117 Rotman, Brian, 238 Rouch, Jean, 63, 127 Los rubios (The Blonds, Albertina Carri, 2003), 4, 9, 10, 11, 48–56, 57n6 Ruffinelli, Jorge, 19n1 Ruiz, Jorge, 131–2 Ruiz, Ulises, 152, 156–7 Ruiz Alamanza, Ariadna, 62 Ruíz Navia, Oscar, 37 Rulfo, Juan Carlos, 4, 16 rural communities, 15–16, 20n7, 75–6, 115–16 Sacramento, Paulo, 17 Saderman, Alejandro, 6 Sainz, Damián, 72n7 Salas, Pablo, 178 Salazar, Juan, 141n4 Salford University, 203 Salinas, Horacio, 179–80 Salles, João Moreira, 4, 10, 17, 27–31, 41, 78, 81 America (1989), 27 background and work, 27–8 Notícias de uma guerra particular (1999), 17, 81–2, 83 Santiago (2007), 9, 10, 11, 26–31, 40, 41 self-reflexivity, 30 Salles, Walter, 5, 27 Sallqavideastas, 131, 142n10 Salvador Allende (Patricio Guzmán, 2004), 182n15 Sánchez, Jorge Luis, 4, 16 Sánchez, Luis Rafael, 220–1 Sanjinés, Iván, 5, 132, 133 Sanjinés, Jorge, 131, 132, 146, 158 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX INDEX Santa Marta: Duas semanas no morro (Eduardo Coutinho, 1987), 32 Santiago (João Moreira Salles, 2007), 9, 10, 11, 26–31, 40, 41 Santo Forte (Eduardo Coutinho, 1999), 32 Santos, Silvino, 125 Sapiaín, Claudio, 182n15 Sarayaku people, 141n4 Sarno, Geraldo, 16 Sayad, Cecilia, 11–12, 76, 83–5, 91, 253 Schiwy, Freya, 14–15, 130, 253 School of Three Worlds, 199, 201 science and technology, 47, 55, 104, 222, 223 in films, 221, 222 science fiction, 235 Sector Industria, 203 self in Argentine documentary, 47–55, 57n6 cars as mirrors to, 229 depictions of the present and, 54–6 first-person plural vs. first-person singular, 46–8 fragmented “I” and, 4, 48–51 investigations of recent history and, 51–4, 57n6 social self, 45–6, 51, 56 self-determination, 13, 85, 123–4, 127, 213 self-reflexivity documentaries of return, 179–80, 182n15 indigenous media, 127 in Latin American films, 8–11, 26 memory and, 109 other and the self, 85–6 politics of place and, 205–6 “Ser un ser humano” (“To be a human being”) project, 202–3 Seubert, Emilia, 130, 137 sexual fantasies and car culture, 228–30 sexuality homosexuality and identity, 10, 11, 67–70 machismo culture, 67–8, 224 transvestites, 10 shared experiences, 84–7, 88n7 shared identity complex, 188–91 Sheller, Mimi, 227, 230 Shining Path movement, 130 Shohat, Ella, 126 Shome, Raka, 213 La sierra (Scott Dalton and Margarita Martínez, 2005), 17 Silva, Jorge, 20n10, 141n3 Silva Henríquez, Raúl, 182n13 Sinclair, John, 162–3n5 Sirionó (CEFREC-CAIB, 2008), 133–4 The Sixth Section (Alex Rivera, 2003), 236 Sleep Dealer (Alex Rivera, 2008), 235, 236, 242, 245, 248 slow-motion images, 71, 83, 95–6, 100, 112, 176 slum communities, 32, 54, 55, 80–3, 88n5 Sobchack, Vivian, 100 social actors, 11, 16, 77, 148, 153, 158, 226, 228 social inequality affect and political action, 145–5, 157–61, 162 investigated by documentaries, 93–7 slum communities, 32, 54, 55, 80–3, 88n5 working class, roles of, 17, 20n10 see also women socially-oriented filmmaking, 10–11, 76–7, 78–9, 88n2, 167–70 see also activist videos social media networks, 202, 204 social movements growth of in Latin America, 189–90, 190 Oaxaca Uprising, 139, 146–53 zapatismo as indigenous movement, 163n11 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 282 Zapatista Other Campaign, 154, 162, 162n3, 163n9, 163n11 see also protests and demonstrations social protests. see protests and demonstrations social reality fiction and nonfiction, 80, 83, 132, 133 media images, effect on, 80–4 perspectives on and performance, 87–8 shared experience and, 84–7, 88n7 social self, 45–6, 51, 56 social visibility, 82–4, 92–3, 99 Sociedad General de Autores y Editores (SGAE), 202 socio-political struggles, 25–6 see also globalization; political documentaries Sola, la extensa realidad (Gustavo Pérez, 2003), 16 Solanas, Fernando E., 3, 4, 8, 26, 46–7, 50, 145–6, 158 Solás, Humberto, 63 Sommer, Doris, 221 Sontag, Susan, 25 Sosa, Naile, 71 Sosa Villavicencio, Flavio, 152 sound in activist videos, 172, 173 audible physical experiences, 41 color-and sound filmmaking, 131 commentary voices, 194–5 exaggerated realism, 68 multiple voices, 223, 232 musicalization and sound, 193, 194 narration of letters, 207 non-verbal documentaries, 191–2 non-verbal films vs., 191–2 political messages in music, 153, 160, 171–3, 175, 181n8 radio transmissions, 65 soundtracks, 193, 194 space/place relationships. see place/space relationships 283 space/time relationships. see time/space relationships Special Period, 16, 199–205, 207, 209–10 spectators, 27, 35, 39, 41, 42, 98–9, 100, 101, 235 Spinoza, 160 spoofs. see mockumentaries staged scenes, 35, 39, 50, 56, 81, 91–2, 98, 134–5, 140, 213–14 Stam, Robert, 3, 8, 86, 125–6, 141n1 state oppression. see military dictatorships; police and military force; protests and demonstrations Steinmetz, George, 230 stereotypes, 99, 243–7 see also discrimination Stewart, Michelle, 123 Sting (musician), 127 Stock, Ann Marie, 61, 202 Stone, Oliver, 99 street children, 93–4, 98 subjective filmmaking, 10 subjective point of view, 7 subjectivity, emergence of, 3, 11, 26, 40, 45–6, 47, 50–2, 238 subjects, roles of, 9, 11 in documentaries on wheels, 226–8 emotion and, 161 filmmakers as characters, 9, 29–31 interviews and self-presentation, 83 ordinary people, 75–6 performance and, 75–6, 77, 88 in political documentaries, 48 self and nature of “I,” 48–54 as social actors, 11, 16, 77, 148, 153, 158, 226, 228 staged but natural performance, 39 women as social and political subjects, 211–14 subtitling, 28, 157, 203 Suite Habana (Fernando Pérez, 2003), 16–17, 67 Switzerland, 211, 212 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX INDEX symbolism Bolivian carnival, 193–4 home and family, as space, 204–6, 214 in indigenous media, 71, 153, 192–4 landscapes, 71 suggestive qualities of, 191, 196–7 Szeman, Imre, 214 Talent Campus, 203 Taller de Línea y 18 (Nicolás Guillén Landrián, 1971), 70 talleristas, 190, 191 Tapajós, Renato, 20n10 Tariano people, 135–6 Teatro Popular Ictus (Ictus People’s Theatre), 173–8, 183n17 Teixeira, Elizabeth, 26 Teixeira, João Pedro, 1 Telemisión/Teleanálisis, 170, 181n6, 183n17 TeleSur, 188 Televisa (Mexico), 148, 150, 156, 162–3n5 television in Brazil, growth and popularity of, 79–80 in Chile, technology for, 168–9 footage and images from, 11, 83, 92, 97, 100 see also media (corporate and state) Televisión Nacional (Chile), 182n12, 183n17 Television Serrana, 132 La televisión y yo (Television and Me, Andrés Di Tella, 2002), 9, 11 Terada, Rei, 159–60 Terra dos Índios (Zelito Viana, 1979), 126 testimonies. see interviews and testimonies Testimonio 1 (Hernán Fliman, 1979), 170 theater companies, 173–8, 183n17 The Social Documentary in Latin America (Burton), 19, 25, 163–4 Third Cinema, 7, 46, 53, 146 Thrift, Nigel, 204 Tierra roja (Red Land, Heidi Hassan, 2007), 211, 212, 213, 214 Tillman, Maja, 131, 142n10 time/space relationships automobility and gendering of, 228–30 car culture and traffic jams, 220–1 chronotopes, 196, 220–1, 223, 225 collective spaces and identity formation, 16, 88n7, 200, 201–4 displacement, 196 freeze frames and, 107, 108, 110–14, 154 historical present, 196 memory, spatial dimensions of, 109–11, 118 meta-time-space documentaries, 109–11, 118 political time, 111, 113–15, 117, 118, 119n4 reality and human activity, 196 Tire dié (Fernando Birri, 1958–1960), 2 Tolosa, Isabel, 182n10 Torok, Maria, 101 Toro negro (Pedro González-Rubio, 2005), 37 Torres, Fernanda, 35 torture, 170, 175–8, 182n11 trace emotion and affect, 28–9 notion of, 25, 27, 41–2 photographic trace, 25 sensation and, 41–2 traffic jam chronotope, 220–1 Transferencia de Medios Program (TMA), 162n2 translocal filmmaking, 15–19, 146, 155–6 transnational aesthetic, 200 transnational audiences, 155–6 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 284 transnational collaborations, 61, 131 in Cuba, 18, 200–2 transnational filmmakers, 202, 215n3 transnational filmmaking, 15–19, 146, 155–6 transparency, in films, 77, 155 traumatic experiences memory of, 107–10 narration of, 101–4, 107–10 representation of, 93–7 retelling of, 133 self and fragmented “I,” 4, 48–51 traveling filmmakers, 17–18, 187–9 Traverso, Antonio, 14–15, 167, 181, 254 Triqui people, 146, 153, 154 truth claims, 111–13 Tully, Michael, 39 Tupper, Pablo, 180 Turner, Terence, 128 TV Azteca (Mexico), 148, 150, 156, 162–3n5 Twenty Years After (Cabra marcado para morrer, Eduardo Coutinho, 1984), 1–4, 26–7, 32, 42n2 Txicão, Kumaré, and Karané (Ikpeng), 137–9, 142n16 Ukamau Group, 145–6, 158 U-Matic video technology, 168–9, 174, 179, 183n18 UN Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 195 UNESCO, 142n15, 202 UNICEF, 188 Unidad Popular government, 108, 113, 153 United Farm Workers (UFW), 239 United 93 (Paul Greengrass, 2006), 99 United States anti-immigration sentiments, 237–48, 248n3 anti-North ideologies and, 189–90, 191 capitalism, promotion of, 67, 73n13, 221 285 car culture and, 221 free trade treaties, 189 new identities and post-modern films, 45 unskilled and migrant labor in, 235–42, 248n2 urban documentaries, 16–17 Brazilian urban violence, 80–4 car culture, 18, 219–26, 228–32 city films, 211, 220, 226 city symphony documentaries, 18, 206, 208–9, 211 Cuban crisis of urbanism, 16–17, 20n9 documentaries on wheels, 219–20 urban imaginaries, 6–7 urban violence, 4, 5, 11, 12, 17, 80–4, 88, 91–104 see also protests and demonstrations Urrusti, Juan Francisco, 19n5, 127 Urry, John, 219, 222–3, 226, 230 Uruguay military dictatorships in, 168 young filmmakers, 190 Valadão, Virginia, 129 Valdés, Oscar, 6 Valdez, Ruben, 68 Varda, Agnès, 60 Vargas, Andrés, 180 Variety magazine, 191, 192 Vector, 178 “Venceremos” (hymn), 153, 160 Venciendo el Miedo (Conquering Fear, María Morales, 2004), 133 Venegas, Cristina, 14, 204 Venezuela auto-ethnographic films, 127 Chávez presidency, 189–90, 191 La verdadera historia de Johnny Good (The True Story of Johnny Good, Pablo Tupper and Patricia del Rio, 1990), 180 Viana, Zelito, 126 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX INDEX Vicaría de la Solidaridad (Vicariate of Solidarity), 175, 182n12 La vida es silbar (Life Is to Whistle, Fernando Pérez, 1998), 63, 209 Vidal, Aram, 205 Vidal, Dañel, 17 La vida loca (Christian Poveda, 2008), 17 video activism. see activist videos video letters, 132, 135, 204 video-making collectives. see activist video collectives Vídeo nas Aldeias (VNA)/Video in the Villages project, 13, 14, 124, 128–30, 135, 140, 142n15, 146 accomplishments and awards, 136, 142n15 video technology activism in Latin America and, 12–13, 168–9 home video footage, 38, 244 U-Matic video, 168–9, 174, 179, 183n18 Villarejo, Amy, 92, 96 violence Candelária massacre, 93, 94, 98 drug trafficking, 80–2 media images, influence on, 80–4 Oaxaca Uprising, 14, 139, 146–55 torture practices, 170, 175–8, 182n11 urban violence, 4, 5, 11, 12, 17, 80–4, 88, 91–104 Viramundo (Geraldo Sarno, 1965), 16 Virgen India (Jorge Ruiz and Augusto Roca, 1949), 131 virtual ethnicity, 238 virtual identity and racism, 238–41 visibility, 82–4, 92–3, 99 visual culture, 71, 205–6 ¡Viva México! (Nicolás Défossé, 2009), 162 Vivanco, Carmen, 107–8, 111–15 Viveros, Mario, 151 VNA. see Vídeo nas Aldeias “voices of knowledge,” 93–4 Volveré y seré millones (I Will Return and I Will Be Millions, Jorge Fuentes, 2009), 18, 189, 194–6 La voz de los ochenta (The 80s Voice, Yerko Yankovic, 1984), 182 El vuelco del cangrejo (Oscar Ruiz Navía, 2009), 37 Vuelve Sebastiana! (Jorge Ruiz, 1953), 131 “Vuelvo” (I Return, song), 180 Walker, Janet, 179, 180 Waugh, Thomas, 77 Webber, Andrew, 220 websites, 13, 18, 136, 147, 235–7, 240, 241–3, 244, 245, 247 see also media (new media and technology) Welles, Orson, 100 Whitehead, Anne, 117 Who Killed the Electric Car? (Chris Paine, 2006), 232 Who the Hell Is Juliette? (Carlos Marcovich, 1997), 209 Why Braceros? (Wilding Butler for Council of California Growers), 239, 242, 248n2 Why Cybraceros? (Alex Rivera, 1997/2003), 18, 235–42, 248n2 Wilding Butler, 248n2 Will, Brad, 153 Williams, Gareth, 163n9, 163n11 Wilson, Pamela, 123 Wolf, Sergio, 52–3 women activist video collectives, 175, 182n11 car culture and gender roles, 228–30 Cine Mujer, 12 female sterilization, 222 feminist organizations, 12 gender equity for female filmmakers, 199, 202 identity and gender, 211–14 machismo and gender identity, 67–8, 224 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 286 as narrators, 239 place-making in film, 205 support for women filmmakers, 199, 202, 205 torture survivors, 175–8, 182n11 women as social and political subjects, 9, 211–14 Women for Life (Mujeres por la vida), 175, 182n11 Wood, Andrés, 182n16 workers Oaxaca teacher’s strike, 139, 146–7, 148 outsourced migrant labor, 235–42, 248n2 roles of working class, 17, 20n10 unions for, 54–5 Worth, Sol, 127 Wortham, Erica, 124, 162n2 Xavier, Ismail, 76–7, 79, 103 Xina Bena (New Era, 2006), 135 Ya cayó (We’ve Brought Him Down, MaldeOjo TV, 2006), 14, 147–52, 155–9, 162 287 Ya es tiempo de violencia (Now Is the Time for Violence, Enrique Juárez, 1969), 172 Yankovic, Yerko, 181–2n8 Yanomami people, 127 Yndio do Brasil (Our Indians, Sylvio Back, 1969/1995), 125 Yo hablo a Caracas (Carlos Azpúrua, 1978), 193 Yo no le tengo miedo a nada (I Don’t Fear Anything, Tatiana Gaviola, 1984), 175 Yo no sé qué me han hecho tus ojos (I Don’t Know What Your Eyes Have Done to Me, Lorena Muñoz and Sergio Wolf, 2003), 52–3 Young, Deborah, 61 Young Directors Festival, Havana, 60, 61–2, 67, 72n3 YouTube, 204, 236 Yube, Zezinho, 139 Zamorano, Gabriela, 133–4 Zapatistas, 154, 162, 162n3, 163n9, 163n11 Zapotec people, 146, 153, 154 Zarza, Zaira, 18, 62, 199, 254 Zayas, Manuel, 60 10.1057/9781137291349 - New Documentaries in Latin America, Edited by Vinicius Navarro and Juan Carlos Rodríguez Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to npg - PalgraveConnect - 2014-11-19 INDEX
© Copyright 2024