Spanish AS Level Summer Preparation
Spanish AS Level Summer Preparation Congratulations on choosing to study a language at AS Level at George Abbot. The best way to prepare yourself is to ensure that you have a firm grasp of the language and skills which you have already used at GCSE. Thorough revision of these over the summer will make you more confident when you start the course in September and prepare you for a more independent approach to learning. Summer Preparation Task Booklet GEORGE ABBOT MFL Department , Spanish AS Level 2015-16 Name: Spanish AS Level Summer Preparation 2015//16 What is in this pack? How to prepare for Spanish at AS Level ............................................................................................................ 2 Watch… ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Television....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Movies ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 DVDs ............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Listen to the radio .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Sign up to Twitter............................................................................................................................................... 4 Read… .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Newspapers and Magazines .......................................................................................................................... 5 Fiction ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 Websites ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 Websites for research .................................................................................................................................... 6 On-line dictionary ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Grammar Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 7 What should I know by now?.......................................................................................................................... 7 Links to Grammar Practice Exercises ............................................................................................................ 7 Tasks ............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Task Log 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 Task Log 2 ................................................................................................................................................... 10 AS Course Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Handy Vocab ................................................................................................................................................... 14 1 Spanish AS Level Summer Preparation 2015//16 How to prepare for Spanish at AS Level You have a few weeks in which to really prepare for your AS Level in Spanish. The leap from GCSE to AS Level is significant. This booklet contains links to a huge range of media, most of which is available for free online as well as tasks to complete before September. In order to keep pace, it is vital that you work through the tasks. Little and often is better than cramming this all into the last two weeks of August! Try to build some of them into your daily routine… TOP TIP: Join Guildford or Surrey University Library Don’t forget that you can go online for free at any library in the city and it is easy to sign up for a Library Card. If you are over 16. Watch… Television Watch the latest news in Spanish http://www.rtve.es/, or even just the weather forecast http://www.rtve.es/eltiempo/. Take in some culinary delights with Spanish Master Chef http://www.rtve.es/television/masterchef/ or some football http://www.rtve.es/deportes/champions-league/ . Or watch some cartoons in Spanish with your baby brother or sister; you can both learn some Spanish http://www.rtve.es/infantil/. You will recognise some of the programmes – any guesses what Sam el bombero is http://www.rtve.es/infantil/videos-juegos/#/videos/sam-bombero/todos/ or La oveja Shaun http://www.rtve.es/infantil/videos-juegos/#/videos/oveja-shaun/todos/? You can also access the TV using: • • • • Your own TV. If you get Euronews, you can put it into Spanish by pressing the red button Look at http://broadcast-live.com/television/spanish.html. This website gives you access to the TV stations that are streaming TV including http://www.canalsur.es/portada-2808.html Another TV station is http://www.antena3.com/ . This gives you access to loads of soaps and dramas etc as well as Downton Abbey in Spanish! BBC Website http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/subjects/z4dqxnb . If you have trouble bringing the website up, type in www.bbc.co.uk/education. Then select England GCSE and scroll down until you find Modern Foreign Languages. Behind both the Speaking and Listening tabs there are loads of great videos to watch that only last a few minutes and they are a great way to practice your listening skills. 2 Spanish AS Level Summer Preparation 2015//16 DVDs We also have a range of DVDs in Spanish – let us know if you would like to borrow a DVD. A deposit of £10.00 is required to borrow a DVD. Listen to the radio The great thing about listening to the radio is that you can get on with something else at the same time (tidying your room???). Listen live using the Eschuchar Ahora or the En directo button. It sometimes takes a while to buffer so be patient. • • Radio Nacional de España (RNE) (www.rtve.es) Radio 1(Radio Nacional) es la radio generalista de RNE. Sus programas llegan a todos los públicos. Noticias, entretenimiento, cultura, deportes... TOP TIP: Listen to Radio 3 Radio 3 is the radio station that the young listen to. It is set up just like Radio 1 or Capital FM and so has music videos and interviews to watch too. Also, if you like 80s music, try M80 Radio http://www.m80radio.com/ . • Radio 3 es la radio más joven, la preocupada por los temas de la juventud. Música, cine, teatro, libros, debates... http://www.rtve.es/radio/radio3/ Gain Access to a range of programmes relating to popular culture, music, festivals, cinema etc: • Radio 5 es la radio dedicada al mundo de la actualidad, con noticias durante las 24 horas del día, todos los días del año. http://www.rtve.es/radio/radio5/ Listen to the latest news! • Radio Exterior de España (REE) es la voz de RNE en el exterior, la que difunde la cultura y la que acerca a los pueblos. 3 Spanish AS Level Summer Preparation 2015//16 Sign up to Twitter Sign up to Twitter for authentic text that you can quickly flick through. We follow all of these and recommend you do the same! They will help you pick up the language even when lazily browsing twitter. Some ideas are: @Spain - The official Twitter for tourism in Spain @LaFraseDelDia_ - Más que palabras. A Spanish site which tweets inspirational sayings for each day. @spanishlanguage – Official Twitter account for Transparent Language Spanish. Learn the language with free resources, social media, and research-based software that works. Tweets expressions, phrases, words and articles in Spanish. @spanishaddicts – El español de la calle (typical spoken spanish). Esto no son simples traducciones literales, es mucho más que eso. Spanish phrases, vocab, articles and more. @spanishxxx2 – Free Spanish Sentences Vocabulary Pronunciation Grammar Tests. Tweets vocab, articles, and quizzes. @muyinteresante – Revista de ciencia, historia, tecnología, salud, psicología, innovación y curiosidades. A Spanish news organisation that tweets in Spanish only. Great for practicing your reading skills. TOP TIP: Sign up to Twitter and register to a feed that tweets a word or so a day A word a day is a fantastic way of building your vocabulary. Here are some to choose from: @SpanishDict - Learn Spanish on the web. Tweets a random Spanish word frequently with the translation. @VamosSpanish– A word a day goes a long way! Use this online resource to enhance your Spanish learning and ask questions. Tweets words and phrases and translates them. Also tweets other facts and grammar. @EduLearnSpanish – Learn 3 new words a day on Twitter! @SpanishWords4U – Spanish Word A Day and computer programs to learn Spanish. Tweets a new Spanish word everyday with example sentences. @LL_Spanish – Learn Spanish with words & phrases of the day from Living Language! Tweets Spanish phrases, words, articles and more. Bonus: @speakbritishly –Speak Spanish Britishly. Just a funny British guide for you which tweets English words and phrases and gives a (completely inaccurate) translation which sounds very close to the English pronunciation. Don’t use it for learning obviously… 4 Spanish AS Level Summer Preparation 2015//16 Read… Keep your own vocabulary book for new expressions you come across – there is a sheet at the back of this booklet to start you off. Or you can ask your teacher for a small vocab booklet to fill in as you go. You could order it alphabetically, by topic area based on what we are going to study or just use it as a diary and scribble away your Spanish development in it. Newspapers and Magazines Read a foreign language newspaper – El Pais in Spanish is available in larger paper shops. El Pais has its own website http://elpais.com/ so that you can read the paper online. You do not have to read the paper cover to cover, just scan the headlines and pick out ONE article that grabs your attention. This website gives you access to newspapers all over the world. Here is the link to a range of Spanish papers. http://www.mediatico.com/en/newspapers/europe/spain/national/ This website is a more lighthearted newspaper which covers global stories as well as gossip. http://www.20minutos.es/ Also try http://www.20minutos.tv/ . This is the TV Channel for this newspaper. The website http://www.diariosur.es/ is from a newspaper in the south of Spain. In addition to articles, it contains a number of clips from news stories and links through to sports etc. It also has links through to specific parts of Spain, which may be useful when you start a project on a particular region of Spain for your A2 Level. In Spain there is also a news website for young people: http://primerasnoticias.com/. It has sections on the Internet and Mobile Technology; Science and Wildlife; Education; Culture; Sport; Society and Health. A glance today contained articles about Facebook, video games and bullying to name but a few. To catch up on the latest gossip and to see what the celebs are wearing, take a look at http://www.hola.com/. This is our equivalent of Hello! Magazine. Also look at http://www.elmundo.es/ Fiction We have ordered a number of Spanish fiction books – let us know if you would like to borrow a book. Also, if you come across a book that you would like us to get, let us know. If you want a copy of the Reading List, ask your teacher however at this stage, it is best that you focus on what is in this booklet. Websites Switch to Spanish browsers such as http://www.terra.es/ and http://es.yahoo.com/ or www.yahoo.es as well as www.google.es. This way, you will read Spanish every time you log on and it will become part of your everyday activity. Look at the BBC website http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/spanish/tv/onlinenews.shtml for links to Spanish programmes available on line. And http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/ takes you through to news in Spanish. 5 Spanish AS Level Summer Preparation 2015//16 Websites for research Once you actually start your AS Level in September, your will realise that you are almost completing a Sociology A Level in Spanish. It is fascinating and you will learn all about the history and culture of Spanish speakers. Here are some websites bursting with information about Spain. Always start your research with these websites as it is easy to get bogged down when looking for help on the internet. If you are searching for information, try switching to the Spanish www.es.wikipedia. Remember that anyone can write on Wikipedia so you must validate your research elsewhere and never quote from it! It is a good place to start though. A Spanish government run website: www.mec.es (Consejería de Educación) A website in English with some great links to various topics: http://spanish.about.com/ British Council support available from http://schoolsonline.britishcouncil.org/ Keep your eyes peeled as they often have trips to Spain for free! You have to apply for them but they are an amazing opportunity to build your Spanish skills. There is no better way to learn a language than by spending time in that country. The National Centre for Languages http://www.cilt.org.uk/home.aspx for information on how to set up blogs and also further links to grants for trips to Spain etc. On-line dictionary A good on-line dictionary is: http://www.wordreference.com/ TOP TIP: Don’ t look up every word you are not sure of when reading an article/ book Yep… you read that right. When you are reading articles etc, try not to look up every word as it will take you forever. Skim and scan the text to get the gist. Remember to use the context or the article, cognates and common sense to figure out what the article is saying. Pick out a couple of words that you like the look of, that you feel may be real hurdles to getting the idea of the text, look them up carefully and add them to your vocab booklet. The aim at this stage is to get the gist of the article, not be able to translate it completely. Translation is a whole different ball game and you will learn it soon enough. You will be surprised how much more enjoyable reading will be if you really pay attention to this tip. 6 Spanish AS Level Summer Preparation 2015//16 Grammar Practice What should I know by now? This is a common question asked by students about to start their AS level. You should be able to: TOPIC Recognise and use a range of tenses with regular verbs. Recognise and use a range of tenses with irregular verbs. Give opinions with reasons CONTENT Regular –AR, -ER, -IR verbs: Tenses: Present Preterite Imperfect Near Future (ir + a + inf.) Future (eg. Sera) Conditional (eg. sería) Common irregular verbs: ser, estar, tener, hacer, ir Tenses: Present Preterite Imperfect Near Future (ir + a + inf.) Future (eg. Sera) Conditional (eg. sería) • A range of opinion expressions • Positive and negative reasons for opinions • To be able to agree and disagree Links to Grammar Practice Exercises The grammar areas in the box above are in Spanish GCSE Revision Guides which are available on Amazon for less than £5. Try CGP, Pearson or Letts which also has a CD with it. Also look at your KS4 Vocabulary Books – ask your teacher if you need a new one. The following websites are also very useful interactive sites for grammar and language based activities. Take a look at them. They wouldn’t be on here if they weren’t worth a look. • Languages on line: The Grammar Revision resources on www.languagesonline.org.uk are great as you can then select what tense you want to revise, read the explanations and complete the exercises. You can do these as often as you like and it gives you a percentage. Another useful tactic is to translate the examples and exercises into English to ensure you understand the meaning of each tense. You can look up AS Resources or just do some Grammar revision. 7 Spanish AS Level • • Summer Preparation 2014/15 Lightbulb languages at http://www.lightbulblanguages.co.uk/resources-sp-al.htm http://www.studyspanish.com/tutorial.htm Tasks Complete the task log (1 or 2) which most suits your style of working, or make your own one up but you will need to go through it with your Spanish Tutor in September so make sure that it is clear and useful to you. You may have one week in which you are extremely motivated and one when you are not. Do not leave it all until the end of August however as you will be behind and you want to start the year as you mean to go on. 1. When you look at a website/ link on here, highlight it and note the date and what you thought about it. You can then put a couple of notes in your task log. 2. Summarise, in Spanish, 2 articles (that were in Spanish!) that you have read from one of the websites/ papers above and say why they interested you. If you cannot print the article, make a note of the website. 3. Watch at least one foreign language film and review it (c. 200 – 250 words) in Spanish. Watch as many Spanish films as you can. There is one DVD available from Portsmouth Library, Nacido y Criado (‘Born and Bred’), an Argentinian film by Pablo Trapero in 2007. 4. Look out for any items in the English or Spanish media relating to topics we will study – such as the Internet, advertising, healthy and unhealthy lifestyles, education so that you have points to make in a discussion and opinions to give. 5. Go onto www.languagesonline.org.uk. Complete 2 exercises a week. Each exercise takes less than 5 minutes. Note down the exercise you did and your score. 6. Read through the course overview so that you have an idea of what we will be studying. This will also help you with task 4 above. 7. If you find any other websites/ links/ twitter feeds that you think are worth sharing, note them down too. 8. Each time you pass a second hand shop, pop in and see whether they have any large dictionaries or any Spanish books – either fiction or grammar. You can find old Spanish dictionaries worth £35 on sale for less than a fiver! 9. And finally…Remember, you will take from the course what you put in. Students who put in plenty of independent work are always the most successful. Enjoy! 8 Spanish AS Level Summer Preparation 2014/15 Task Log 1 Week commencing e.g Date Website/ Source Comments 30/06/15 Lightbulb languages Loads of info and quite fun. Looked at slides about Civil War – need to find out more about this. Will look it up on Wikipedia. Website more interesting than I was expecting. 30 JUN 7 JUL 14 JUL 21 JUL 28 JUL 04 AUG 11 AUG 18 AUG 25 AUG 9 Spanish AS Level Summer Preparation 2014/15 Task Log 2 Date Website/ Source Comments 10 Spanish AS Level Summer Preparation 2014/15 AS Course Overview Approximat e timings Term One Sep October November November December December Year 12 Spanish AQA specification Topics Nelson Thornes course student book – AQA Spanish Grammar/ structures online content Media: Television Viewing habits; range of programmes; range of channels; benefits and dangers of TV Probation assessment Los medios: La televisión Present tense Video: Trailers for TV (Chapter 1, pages 9-16) of Gustar programmes (page 13) Adjectives Audio Record: Record your own TV trailer (page 13) Media: Advertising Techniques and purposes; curbs, e.g. tobacco, alcohol; benefits and drawbacks of advertising Los medios: La publicidad Por & Para (Chapter 2, pages 17-24) Comparatives, superlatives Demonstrative adjectives Ser & estar Revise preterite & imperefct tenses Giving opinions Media: Communication technology Current and potential usage of internet; its benefits and dangers; popularity and benefits/dangers of mobile phones, MP3 players etc Los medios: Las tecnologias de la comunicación Present tense – reg & irregular (Chapter 3, pages 25-32) Use of se Lo + adjectives Obligation structures Immediate future & future tense Conditional tense Agreeing & disagreeing Popular Culture: Cinema Types of film, changing trends; a good film I have seen; the place of cinema in popular culture; alternative ways of viewing films La cultura de todos los días: El cine Popular Culture: Music Types of music, changing trends; music I like; the place of music in popular culture; how music defines personal identity La cultura de todos los días: La música Popular Culture: Fashion/trends Use Articles (Chapter 4, pages 33-40) Video: Interview with teenagers about mobile phones (page 31) Oral cards Essay, pros & cons Internet Use of preterite tense Imperfect & omp continuous tenses Audio Record: Presentation on musical preferences (page 45) (Chapter 5, pages 41-48) Use & form of perfect tense Acabar de Personal a Object pronouns La cultura de todos los días: Present subjunctive Video: Interview about 11 Spanish AS Level How we can alter our image; does how we look define who we are?; lifestyle and leisure activities; the cult of the celebrity La moda Summer Preparation 2014/15 & conditional tenses traditional dress (page 52) Audio Record: Questions about fashion (page 55) Essay on youth culture (Chapter 6, pages 49-56) Oral cards Christmas Term Two January January Ongoing preparation of speaking exam preparation booklet – Hobbies, school & future plans sections Ongoing practise & development with FLA and in lessons Healthy Living/Lifestyle: Sport/exercise Traditional and ‘fun’ sports; links between exercise and health; reasons for taking part; factors influencing participation La vida sana: El deporte y el ejercicio Healthy Living/Lifestyle: Health and well-being Alcohol, tobacco, other drugs; diet and eating disorders; the ‘work-life balance’; risks to health -accidents La vida sana: La salud y el bienestar Verbs + infinitives Adverbs & adverbial phrases (Chapter 7, pages 57-64) Radical changing verbs Oral cards Pluperfect tense Reflexive verbs Opinion phrases Essay (Chapter 8, pages 65-72) Essay on tourism January MOCK EXAMINATION February Healthy Living/Lifestyle: Holidays Types of activities; purposes and benefits; impact of tourism on destinations; changing attitudes to holidays La vida sana: Las vacaciones Imperatives (Chapter 9, pages 73-80) Irregular preterite tense Future tense Family/Relationships: Relationships within the family Role of parents; changing models of family and parenting; attitudes of young people towards other family members; conflicts La familia y las relaciones: Las relaciones en la familia (Chapter 10, pages 81-88) Possessives adj & pronouns Relative pronouns More uses of subjunctive Family/Relationships: Friendships Characteristics and roles of friends; importance; conflict ; compared with love La familia y las relaciones: Las amistades (Chapter 11, pages 89-96) Imperfect & perfect subjunctive Family/Relationships: Marriage/ partnerships Changing attitudes towards marriage or cohabitation; changing roles within the home; separation and divorce; benefits and drawbacks of staying single La familia y las relaciones: El matrimonio y las parejas (Chapter 12, pages 97-104) Future & conditional perfect Subjunctive usage Essay phrases February March March Oral cards Idioms Passive & avoidance How long stuctures Video: Two teenage girls discuss relationships (page 95) Oral cards Essay 12 Spanish AS Level April April April Summer Preparation 2014/15 La Educación Animo1 Unidad 5 Intensive ssay practice Spanish education system, issues in schools Auxiliary haber Past papers El Trabajo Animo 1 Unidad 6 Careers, interviews, training, unemployment Time clauses, indirect speech La Igualdad Sigue 2 Unidad 3 (7-12) Adverbs, por para, ser/ estar Discrimination – sexism, disabilities May Oral examSN1 Listening, reading & writing exam SN2 July Introduction to A2 course & exam Reinforcement of core grammar Introdution to Guided studies option Study of a film/ director/ author 13 Spanish AS Level Summer Preparation 2014/15 Handy Vocab Español Inglés 14 Cuaderno de gramática Español con Señorita Crockford Name: ……………………………………………… Form: ………………… EL PRESENTE ayer Situación: Pasa AHORA. A - Verbos regulares Formación: Verbo en el infinitivo con AR, ER o IR Elimina Añade: AR/ER/IR + Personal pronouns -AR -ER -IR I Yo …o …o …o You (1) Tú …as …es …es He/She/It Él/Ella …a …e …e You (formal) Usted …a …e …e We Nosotros/as …amos …emos …imos You (all) Vosotros/as …áis …éis …ís They Ellos/Ellas …an …en …en You (formal + pl) Ustedes …an …en …en P.ej. • HABLAR • COMER hablamos como (we speak) (I eat) hoy mañana • VIVIR vives (you live) ¡A practicar! Completa con un diccionario la lista de estos verbos regulares -AR Amar To love -ER -IR Aprender Abrir Bailar Beber Admitir Buscar Comer Cubrir Cantar Cometer Decidir (un error) Comprar Comprender Describir Escuchar Correr Descubrir Esperar Creer Discutir Estudiar Deber Escribir Hablar Leer Existir Llegar Meter (en) Permitir Llevar Poseer Recibir Mirar Romper Subir Practicar Temer Sufrir Preparar Vender Unir Tocar Vivir -AR -ER -IR Tomar Trabajar Completa con la forma correcta del presente P.Ej.: los martes, (yo) ……bailo…… salsa en un club. (BAILAR) 1. en la clase, (nosotros) …………………………… la cinta de español. (ESCUCHAR) 2. el lunes, vamos a la piscina y (nosotros) ……………………………… (NADAR) 3. normalmente, los niños …………………………… la tele cada día. (MIRAR) 4. Raúl ………………………………… en un bar que se llama Enigma. (TRABAJAR) 5. ¡Hola! ……………………………… Señor Sánchez. (LLAMARSE) 6. (vosotros) ………………………………… en casa. (QUEDAR) 7. el fin de semana, voy a Madrid y (yo) ……………………………… zapatillas. (COMPRAR) 8. con su trabajo, Alicia ………………………… mucho dinero. (GANAR) 9. (él) ………………… la ropa. ¡Fatal! (LAVAR) 10. ¿(tú) ……………………………… el desayuno esta mañana? (PREPARAR) 11. (ellas) ……………………… pescado en el mercado. (VENDER) 12. ¿(vosotros) ……………………………… en Leicester? (VIVIR) 13. (nosotros) …………………………… hamburguesas en Mc Donalds. (COMER) 14. cada noche, (yo) ……………………… terriblemente de mi espalda. (SUFRIR) 15. el fin de semana, (ellos) ……………………………… paga de £10. (RECIBIR) /15 B - VERBOS REFLEXIVOS LEVANTARSE LAVARSE also –IRSE and –ERSE but less common CEPILLARSE PEINARSE LLAMARSE PERSONAL REFEXIVE PRONOUNS PRONOUNS Yo Me Tú Te Él/Ella/Usted Se Nosotros/as Nos Vosotros/as Os Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes Se -AR VERB STEM P.ej. • llamarse • lavarse • peinarse me llamo os laváis te peinas (i am called) (you’re washing (yourself)) (you’re brushing your hair) -ER -IR Here is a list of commonly used reflexive verbs: acostarse (o→ue) …… to go to bed afeitarse …… to shave bañarse …… to have a bath casarse (con alguien) …… to get married; to marry (someone) cepillarse …… to brush oneself despertarse (e→ie) …… to wake up desvestirse (e→i) …… to undress oneself dormirse (o→ue) …… to fall asleep ducharse …… to take a shower enfermarse …… to get sick enojarse …… to get angry, mad irse …… to go away lavarse …… to wash oneself levantarse …… to stand up, get up llamarse …… to call oneself mirarse …… to look at oneself peinarse …… to comb one’s hair ponerse …… to become ponerse la ropa …… to put on clothing preocuparse (por) …… to worry about probarse (o→ue) …… to try on (clothing) quitarse …… to take off, remove (clothing) secarse …… to dry oneself sentarse (e→ie) …… to sit down, seat oneself sentirse (e→ie) …… to feel (emotionally, physically) verse …… to see oneself vestirse (e→ie) …… to get dressed ¡A practicar! Completa las frases con la forma correcta del verbo. P.ej.: por la mañana, ……me levanto…. (yo, levantarse) temprano. 1. ¿A qué hora ………………………………………… por la mañana? (vosotros, levantarse) 2. ………………………………………… a las 8.00. (nosotros, levantarse) 3. ¿Y tú cuándo …………………………… (tú, lavarse)? 4. …………………………… a las 8.10. (yo, lavarse) 5. ¿Dónde …………………………………? (ella, peinarse) 6. ……………………………… en el cuarto de baño. (ellas, peinarse) 7. ¿Cómo ……………………………… tus padres? (llamarse) 8. Mi padre ……………………… Jorge y mi madre ………………………… Montse. (llamarse x2) 9. ¿Cuántas veces al día ………………………………… los dientes? (tú, cepillarse) 10. De costumbre, ………………………………… los dientes dos veces al día. (yo, cepillarse) 11. Por la mañana, …………………………. lo mismo cada día en Inglaterra, pero los españoles …………………………… lo que quieren. (nosotros, vestirse) (ellos, llevar) /13 /12 Traduce al español 1. The students sit down in class. ________________________________________________________________ 2. Fiona brushes her hair every morning. ________________________________________________________________ 3. We always get dressed in black. ________________________________________________________________ 4. He shaves every morning. ________________________________________________________________ 5. Do you take a shower every day? ________________________________________________________________ 6. You (+1) worry too much. ________________________________________________________________ c - verbos con cambio de radical 3 types of radical changing verbs O UE Búscalos en un diccionario EIE EI -AR -ER Almorzar ………………………… Acertar ………………………… Aprobar ………………………… Cerrar ………………………… Contar ………………………… Comenzar ………………………… Costar ………………………… Confesar ………………………… Encontrar ………………………… Empezar ………………………… Mostrar ………………………… Fregar ………………………… Probar ………………………… Negar ………………………… Recordar ………………………… Pensar (en) ………………………… Sonar ………………………… Temblar ………………………… Soñar (con) ………………………… Tostar ………………………… Volar ………………………… Devolver ………………………… Defender ………………………… Morder ………………………… Encender ………………………… Mover ………………………… Entender ………………………… Poder ………………………… Perder ………………………… Resolver ………………………… Querer ………………………… Volver ………………………… ………………………… Advertir ………………………… Competir ………………………… Morir ………………………… Consentir ………………………… Conseguir ………………………… Convertir ………………………… Corregir ………………………… Hervir ………………………… Decir ………………………… Mentir ………………………… Despedir ………………………… Preferir ………………………… Elegir ………………………… Sentir ………………………… Freír ………………………… Sugerir ………………………… Impedir ………………………… Maldecir ………………………… Medir ………………………… Pedir ………………………… Reír ………………………… Repetir ………………………… Seguir ………………………… Servir ………………………… -IR Dormir *The verb JUGAR uses the radical change U UE in the present. PERSONAL RADICAL CHANGE PRONOUNS OUE EIE EI Yo ue ie i Tú ue ie i Él/Ella/Usted ue ie i -AR -ER -IR Nosotros/as o e e Vosotros/as o e e Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes ue ie i Remember the 1236 pattern for yo, tú, él/ella and ellos/ellas! ¡A practicar! Completa las frases con la forma correcta del verbo. 1. No …encuentro… mi bolígrafo. (yo, encontrar) 2. ……………………….. a las 8.00 de la tarde. (nosotros, cerrar) 3. ……………………………… con ir a Inglaterra. (ellos, soñar) 4. …………………………… cada fin de semana a casa. (ella, volver) 5. …………………………… en una gran cama cómoda. (yo, dormir) 6. ¿Por qué no ………………………………… los pequeños? (vosotros, defender) 7. ………………………………… este problema, y yo, ………………………………… con ese. (tú, resolver) (yo, empezar) 8. ………………………………… los platos todos los días. (ella, fregar) 9. ………………………………… la última vez que lloraste. (nosotros, recordar) 10.……………………………… el hervidor para preparar té. (ellos, hervir) 11.……………………………………… las nuevas palabras de español juntos. (nosotros, juntos) 12.Tú ………………………… esta pista y vosotros …………………………………… aquella. (seguir x2) 13.Cada mañana, me …………………………… la misma cosa. (él, pedir) 14.Yo soy muy pequeña, ……………………… 1m45. (medir) 15.Mi jefe ……………………………… despedirme, pero ……………………………… que es una tontería. (querer; yo, sentir) 16.Me …………………………………… de sed y de hambre. (yo, morir) 17.El perrito ………………………………… todos los muebles. (morder) 18.……………………………………… la dirección del hotel. (vosotras, perder) 19.………………………………… en ir a la playa, pero él no …………………………… venir con nosotros. (nosotros, pensar) (poder) 20.Nunca …………………………………… a nuestros padres, pero nuestra amiga ………………………………… lo que ……………………… a sus padres. (nosotros, mentir) (ella, elegir) (ella, decir) /25 Traduce al español: 1. They eat lunch in the canteen at 1pm. _______________________________________________________________ 2. We play football on Sunday. _______________________________________________________________ 3. I count up to 100 in Spanish. _______________________________________________________________ 4. She serves breakfast to her brother. _______________________________________________________________ 5. We prefer hot chocolate to orange juice. _______________________________________________________________ 6. It costs a lot of money. _______________________________________________________________ 7. You (sg) lie to your mum. _______________________________________________________________ 8. You (pl) obtained very good marks in maths. _______________________________________________________________ 9. The girls smile at the boys. _______________________________________________________________ 10.The bell rings at 11.05. _______________________________________________________________ 11.The shops close at 9.30 at night in Spain. _______________________________________________________________ 12.You (sg) show me the museum. _______________________________________________________________ 13.We find French difficult. _______________________________________________________________ 14.He chooses to go to the cinema. _______________________________________________________________ 15.I warn the children everyday but they don’t listen. _______________________________________________________________ /16 D - verbos irregulares en la primera persona (yo) The following verbs have irregular forms for the first person singular of the present tense: YO caer (to fall) …………………… conducir (to drive) …………………… conocer (to know, to be acquainted with) …………………… destruir (to destroy) …………………… escoger (to choose) …………………… dirigir (to direct) …………………… yo caigo yo conduzco yo conozco yo destruyo* yo escojo yo dirijo hacer (to do, to make) …………………… yo hago poner (to put, to place) …………………… yo pongo saber (to know something - a fact) …………………… salir (to leave) …………………… seguir (to follow) …………………… traer (to bring) …………………… valer (to be worth) …………………… Ver (to see) …………………… yo sé yo salgo yo sigo yo traigo yo valgo yo veo In addition to memorizing the above listed verbs, you should familiarize yourself with the following three rules: 1. For verbs that end in -cer and -cir, change the c to zc for the yo form: conocer (to know) …………………… yo conozco conducir (to drive) …………………… yo conduzco crecer (to grow) …………………… yo crezco traducir (to translate) …………………… yo traduzco establecer (to establish) …………………… yo establezco producir (to produce) …………………… yo produzco 2. For verbs that end in -ger and -gir, change the g to j for the yo form: escoger (to choose) …………………… yo escojo dirigir (to direct) …………………… yo dirijo emerger (to emerge) …………………… yo emerjo 3. For verbs that end in -guir, change the gu to g for the yo form: seguir (to follow) …………………… yo sigo conseguir (to get) …………………… yo consigo distinguir (to distinguish) …………………… yo distingo ¡A practicar! Completa las frases con la forma correcta del verbo. 1. Yo …………………………………… a Juan. (conocer) 2. Nosotros …………………………………… bien porque comemos bien. (crecer) 3. Yo …………………………………… a un club. (pertenecer) 4. Cada día, muchos bebés …………………………………… en el mundo. (nacer) 5. Yo …………………………………… un aumento. (merecer) 6. Ellos nunca …………………………………… los impuestos. (reducir) 7. Yo …………………………………… mucho. (producir) 8. Mi madre …………………………………… un coche automático. (conducir) 9. Yo …………………………………… dinero en la máquina. (introducir) 10. Mi padre …………………………………… un orquesta. (dirigir) 11. Yo …………………………………… a mi hermana menor. (proteger) 12. Un geiser es agua que ………………………… de la tierra con presión. (surgir) 13. Yo …………………………………… los pantalones en el agua. (sumergir) 14. Mis hermanos ya no andan bien, ………………………… cada dos pasos. (caer) 15. De costumbre, yo …………………………………… algo a una fiesta. (traer) 16. El azúcar …………………………………… a las moscas. (atraer) 17. Después de la fiesta, …………………………………… un taxi a casa. (coger) 18. Vosotros nunca …………………………………… a la clase de arte. (contribuir) 19. Yo ……………………………… trabajo en la compañía telefónica. (conseguir) 20. El río …………………………………… al oeste. (fluir) 21. Yo no …………………………… el Castillo de arena de mi hermano. (destruir) 22. La policía …………………………………… al criminal. (seguir) 23. Yo no …………………………………… plátanos en mi dieta. (incluir) 24. El jefe …………………………………… mucho de nosotros. (exigir) /24 e - verbos esenciales There are a few verbs that you can’t do without. Here are the infinitives and parts of them in the present… can you complete the table? PERSONAL SER PRONOUNS Yo ESTAR estás Él/Ella/Usted está Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes PERSONAL vamos estáis van HABER (aux) Yo Tú PODER quiero puedo tenemos ha puede hemos podemos queréis Vosotros/as Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes QUERER tienes Él/Ella/Usted Nosotros/as hacéis son TENER PRONOUNS va somos Vosotros/as IR hago soy Tú Nosotros/as HACER tienen han ¡A practicar! Completa las frases con la forma correcta del verbo. 1. …………………………… muchos amigos. (nosotros, tener) 2. …………………………… visitar a Gales otra vez. (yo, querer) 3. ¿Dónde …………………………… los servicios? (estar) 4. ………………………… los deberes cada noche antes de comer. (él, hacer) 5. Mis hijos ………………………… a la escuela andando. (ir) 6. Mis amigos ………………………… de Venezuela. (ser) 7. No ………………………… hijos ya. (ellos, tener) 8. Nunca ………………………… aquí. (tú, estar) 9. Tampoco ………………………… contactarte por móvil. (yo, poder) 10. ………………………… comer a las nueve por favor. (nosotros, querer) 11. ………………………… instalaros en esta mesa. (vosotros, poder) 12. ¿ ………………………… a la discoteca ésta noche? (tú, ir) 13. ¡………………………… loca!, no ………………………… dinero. (tú, estar) (yo, tener) 14. ………………………… a la piscina en vez del cine. (vosotros, ir) 15. ………………………… gorditos. (vosotros, ser) /16 Traduce al español 1. My friends are from USA. _______________________________________________________________ 2. My brother is 15. _______________________________________________________________ 3. You can do the homework tonight. _______________________________________________________________ 4. I go to work by bus. _______________________________________________________________ 5. Who has my keys? _______________________________________________________________ 6. I agree with her. (I am in agreement with her) _______________________________________________________________ 7. We want to go to the cinema. _______________________________________________________________ 8. She is nice when she wants. _______________________________________________________________ /1 F - gustar y otros Some verbs are only used in the 3rd person of singular or plural. However, it does not depend on the person that is talking but the object that is talked about. e.g.: ‘I like the cat’. would be in Spanish: ‘The cat pleases me’. ‘Me gusta el gato’. ‘Frogs fascinate me’ ……………………… ‘Me fascinan las ranas’. ‘Do you like the book?’…………………… ‘¿Te gusta el libro?’ ‘They like the magazines’ ……………… ‘Les gustan las revistas’. ‘Sam likes the house’ ……………………… ‘A Sam le gusta la casa’. PRONOUN FOR EMPHASIS ONLY INDIRECT OBJECT ENDING PRONOUNS A mi me A ti te A él/ella/usted le A nosotros nos A vosotros os A ellos/ellas/ustedes les * VERB STEM -a + sg noun or verb in the infinitive -an + pl noun * exception: doler (to hurt, be painful) ends with –e and –en respectively. Here is a list of verbs that follows that pattern: Bastar ………… To be sufficient / enough to Disgustar ………… To ‘hate’; to be repugnant to Doler (o→ue) ………… To be painful / to hurt Encantar ………… To ‘love’; to be enchanting to Faltar ………… To be lacking to / to be missing to Fascinar ………… To be fascinating to Gustar ………… To ‘like’; to be pleasing to Importar ………… To be important to Interesar ………… To be interesting to Molestar ………… To bother Parecer ………… To seem / to appear to Sobrar ………… To be left over / to be in surplus ¡A practicar! Corrige las frases. Hay frases correctas también. Correcto Falso 1. Me interesan la historia de los Estados Unidos. 2. Me molestan las arañas. 3. Me importa mis estudios. 4. Me duelen los pies ahora. 5. Los libros de Stephen King me fascinan. 6. A veces me duelen la espalda. 7. Me encantan la música. 8. No me interesa los políticos. 9. Normalmente me sobran dinero. 10. Me falta un botón en mi camisa. Traduce al español. 1. I love your dress! ______________________________________________________________ 2. These photos are fascinating to us. ______________________________________________________________ 3. You are missing a button. ______________________________________________________________ 4. He seems crazy to me. ______________________________________________________________ 5. She likes the strawberry ice-cream. ______________________________________________________________ 6. My stomach aches. ______________________________________________________________ 7. We have 15 euros left over. ______________________________________________________________ 8. Truth is important to me. ______________________________________________________________ /16 Traduce al español otra vez, pero esta vez con verbos en el infinitivo. 1. I love swimming (to swim). ______________________________________________________________ 2. Dancing (to dance) is important to her. ______________________________________________________________ 3. What food do you like to eat? ______________________________________________________________ 4. They are interested in learning. ______________________________________________________________ 5. We hate doing homework. ______________________________________________________________ /1 G - hay Very handy 3 letter word. It means: 1. 2. 3. 4. There is… There are… Is there…? Are there…? ¡A practicar! Traduce al español. 1. There is a dog in the car. ______________________________________________________________ 2. There are three forks on the table. ______________________________________________________________ 3. Are there chairs in the living room? ______________________________________________________________ 4. Is there a bathroom in this building? ______________________________________________________________ 5. There isn’t any water in the glass. ______________________________________________________________ 6. There aren’t any cds in this drawer. ______________________________________________________________ /12 EL FUTURO Situación: it will happen later, tomorrow… ayer hoy A - verbos regulares Formación: Verbo en el infinitivo con AR, ER o IR (the whole verb with the infinitive bit!) Añade: + PERSONAL -AR PRONOUNS -ER Yo …é Tú …ás Él/Ella/Usted …á Nosotros/as …emos Vosotros/as …éis Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes …án ¡A practicar! -IR e.g. I will sing: cantaré He will play: jugará You will go: iréis mañana Completa las frases con la forma correcta del verbo. 1. En ocho meses la autopista ………………………… lista. (estar) 2. ¿Quiénes ………………………… ellos? (ser) 3. Los malos ………………………… muy castigados. (ser) 4. Mi mamá ………………………… con mucho cuidado. (manejar) 5. ………………………… una hamburguesa mañana. (vosotros, comer) 6. ………………………… al cine este fin de semana. (yo, ir) 7. Mi mejor amigo me ……………………… un regalo para mi cumpleaños. (dar) 8. ………………………… la Noche Vieja juntos. (nosotros, celebrar) 9. En veinticuatro horas, ………………………… en mi casa. (yo, estar) 10. Esta noche ………………………… los platos y después los …………………………. (ellas, lavar) (ellas, secar) 11. El vampiro ………………………… la sangre. (beber) 12. El año que viene, Shakira ………………………… a Colombia. (volver) 13. ¿Quién ………………………… el próximo Presidente? (ser) 14. Aquellas mujeres nos …………………………. (oír) /15 B - verbos irregulares en el futuro There are only a handful of irregular verbs that you must know off by heart: caber ……to fit…… yo cabré poner ……to put…… yo pondré decir ……to say…… yo diré haber ……to have (aux)…… yo habré ……to go out…… yo saldré salir hacer ……to do…… yo haré poder ……to be able to…… yo podré tener ……to have (posesión)…… yo tendré querer ……to want/to love…… yo querré valer ……to be worth…… yo valdré saber ……to know…… yo sabré venir ……to come…… yo vendré Some of these verbs are used as roots for other verbs. E.g.: mantener (to maintain). ¡A practicar! Completa las frases con la forma correcta del verbo. 1. El año que viene los médicos ………………………… a Cuba. (ir) 2. Cinco millones de turistas ………………………… a Centroamérica. (venir) 3. Vosotros no ………………………… los pasteles. (hacer) 4. El dentista ………………………… vuelto de vacaciones para el próximo martes. (haber) 5. Los muchachos malos ………………………… los libros en la basura. (poner) 6. En noviembre mis nietos ………………………… a visitarme. (venir) 7. El escultor no ………………………… la estatua para el parque. (hacer) 8. Para el semestre de la primavera Juan ………………………… terminado los requisitos generales. (haber) 9. ¿Cómo ………………………… el público los resultados? (saber) 10.¿Qué ………………………… las chicas? (decir) 11.En abril mi prima ………………………… a visitarme. (venir) 12.Dime cómo juegas y te ………………………… cómo eres. (decir) 13.El presidente ………………………… a Europa para reunirse con sus colegas. (salir) 14.Tus amigos ………………………… por avión mañana. (salir) 15.Yo ………………………… el dulce en el bolsillo. (poner) 16.¿Qué ………………………… tu profesor? (decir) 17.Yo te ………………………… mañana. (decir) 18.¿Cómo ………………………… (yo) si mi hijo está progresando? (saber) 19.Manuel ………………………… a la oficina el miércoles. (venir) 20.En enero mi tío ………………………… a visitarme. (venir) /20 Traduce al español 1. I will visit some castles in Spain next summer. _______________________________________________________________ 2. You will come with me on holidays. _______________________________________________________________ 3. We will wear shorts everyday and we will put sunscreen on our legs. _______________________________________________________________ 4. They will not burn. _______________________________________________________________ 5. We will write you postcards. _______________________________________________________________ 6. Hopefully you will receive it quickly. _______________________________________________________________ 7. Grandma will be happy to receive some news but grandpa will not know. _______________________________________________________________ 8. It will be good to come back. _______________________________________________________________ 9. I will do it again next year with more friends. _______________________________________________________________ 10.They will plan the trip with me and we will go clubbing together. __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ /20 C - marcadores de tiempo Mañana …… Tomorrow Más tarde …… Later La semana que viene …… Next week El mes que viene …… Next month El año que viene …… Next year Esta tarde …… This afternoon Esta noche …… Tonight Mañana por la mañana …… Tomorrow morning Mañana por la tarde …… Tomorrow afternoon Mañana por la noche …… Tomorrow night EL CONDICIONAL Situación: The conditional is used to express uncertainty and in English you use it to say: WOULD I would play outside IF it wasn’t raining. e.g. She wouldn’t sing that song. They would spend the money. A - verbos regulares Formación: Verbo en el infinitivo con AR, ER o IR (the whole verb with the infinitive bit!) Añade: + PERSONAL -AR PRONOUNS -ER -IR Yo …ía Tú …ías I would sing: cantaría Él/Ella/Usted …ía He would play: jugaría Nosotros/as …íamos Vosotros/as …íais e.g. You would go: iríais Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes …ían B - verbos irregulares en el condicional The conditional has the same irregular verbs than the future. Please refer to the future part for a list of these verbs! The endings stay the same as for regular verbs. e.g.: poner …… yo pondría saber …… yo sabría ¡A practicar! Completa las frases con la forma correcta del verbo. 1. ………………………… un coche nuevo. (comprar) 2. yo ………………………… estos libros en el estante. (poner) 3. ………………………… un libro sobre mi vida. (escribir) 4. No ………………………… ningún parte de mi vida. (cambiar) 5. Juan ………………………… una fiesta, pero no es su cumpleaños. (tener) 6. ………………………… parte del dinero a los pobres. (dar) 7. ¿Qué ………………………… en esta situación? (decir) 8. Nosotros ………………………… a tu fiesta, pero estamos enfermos. (venir) 9. nunca ………………………… a su trabajo. (ella, renunciar) 10.¿Cuándo …………………………? (tú, salir) /10 Traduce al español 1. I would leave immediately. _________________________________________________________________ 2. They would eat all the cake. _________________________________________________________________ 3. We would love to swim in the sea. _________________________________________________________________ 4. My cat would speak in my dreams. _________________________________________________________________ 5. This bracelet would be worth more, but it’s broken. _________________________________________________________________ 6. I would want the car but it’s not my choice. _________________________________________________________________ /12 EL PRETÉRITO PERFECTO Situación: It is equivalent to the English perfect tense where you have a compound tense, in two parts. There is the auxiliary in the present tense (to have = haber) and the verb in the past participle. Its use in Spanish is slightly different from the English use. In Spanish, it is used for: 1. finished actions in a time NOT finished p.ej. This morning I had breakfast at 8.30. (it is now 10am) This week I have run twice already. (it’s only Thursday) 2. finished actions that have been recently completed p.ej. I have just finished my homework. They have just come home. 3. actions that have happened sometimes, without accuracy of the time (in your life) and are still true p.ej. I have been friends with Tom for the last 10 years. (still friends) We have lived in Leicester for 3 years. (still live there) A - verbos regulares Formación: The auxiliary HABER in the present tense + verb in the past participle (the –ed form!). The past participle is formed by removing the verb ending (-AR, -ER, -IR) and adding –ado for – AR verbs and –ido for –ER and –IR verbs. PERSONAL HABER VERB PRONOUNS presente STEM -AR -ER -IR Yo he Tú has Él/Ella/Usted ha Nosotros/as hemos Vosotros/as habéis Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes p.ej. I have sung -ado -ido -ido han he cantado she has drank ha bebido you have lived habéis vivido they have gone han ido *to go = ir, remove –ir add -ido ¡A practicar! Completa las frases con la forma correcta del verbo. 1. Este mes ………………………… un coche nuevo. (comprar) 2. Le ………………………… por teléfono esta mañana. (tú, hablar) 3. Tomás ………………………… mi amigo por diez años. (ser) 4. No lo ………………………… ya. (ellos, visitar) 5. Después de cenar, ………………………… a pasear. (ella, ir) 6. Esta semana, ………………………… vuestro dinero. (vosotros, contar) 7. Esta mañana ………………………… la radio. (nosotros, escuchar) 8. ………………………… en la cafetería a la 1 hoy. (ellas, almorzar) / Traduce al español 1. I have eaten my soup. _________________________________________________________________ 2. They have been here for 15 minutes. _________________________________________________________________ 3. Have you (+1) received the presents? _________________________________________________________________ 4. Where have you (1) lived? _________________________________________________________________ 5. We have sold the house. _________________________________________________________________ 6. He has called me six times already. _________________________________________________________________ /1 B – participio irregular Some verbs have an irregular past participle. Here is a list of the most common ones and they must be learnt off by heart… abrir… abierto opened Note: Compound words based on these roots typically show these same irregularities: cubrir… cubierto covered decir… dicho said, told describir… descrito described descubrir… descubierto discovered devolver… devuelto escribir… escrito written hacer… hecho made morir… muerto died, dead poner… puesto put, placed returned romper… roto broken ver… visto seen volver… vuelto returned ¡A practicar! Completa las frases con la forma correcta del verbo. 1. ………………………… la puerta. (yo, abrir) 2. …………………………la llave aquí. (ellos, poner) 3. ………………………… en la calle. (ella, caer) 4. ¿………………………… una carta para tu abuela? (tú, escribir) 5. ………………………… una mentira. (nosotros, decir) 6. ………………………… los deberes. (él, hacer) 7. ………………………… la última película de James Bond. (you (+1), ver) 8. ………………………… el secreto de Juan. (ellas, descubrir) Traduce al español /8 1. We haven’t done anything. _________________________________________________________________ 2. She has read ‘The Hobbit’ book. _________________________________________________________________ 3. What have you (+1) seen last weekend? _________________________________________________________________ 4. The rabbit has died. _________________________________________________________________ 5. The politicians haven’t told the truth. _________________________________________________________________ 6. I have read 20 pages. _________________________________________________________________ 7. What have you (1) made for us? _________________________________________________________________ 8. They (F) have broken another fingernail. _________________________________________________________________ /16 Más difícil… 9. You’ve been (arrived) late every day this week. _________________________________________________________________ 10.why haven’t you shaved today? (REFLEXIVE) _________________________________________________________________ 11.The have demonstrated their love for Mozart’s music. _________________________________________________________________ 12.The telephone has rung twenty times. Why haven’t you answered it? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 13.if she is as rich as you say, why did she rob a bank? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ EL PRETÉRITO INDEFINIDO Situación: It is equivalent to the English simple past. It is used for: 1. actions completed in the a finished past. p.ej. Yesterday, I went to bed at 10pm. Last week, I saw the latest James Bond. 2. experiences completed in a determined time. p.ej. At 16, I visited Paris twice. In Barcelona, I never had problems. 3. punctual actions in a finished time p.ej. In 1995, I went to the cinema once a week. 4. actions (short or long) within a length of time p.ej. I lived 3 years in Barcelona. I waited 30min in the cinema. 5. giving opinions about an experience p.ej. The film was great. The match went well. 6. actions which are part of a chain of events. p.ej. She got up, got dressed and left the house. A - verbos regulares Formación: Verbo en el infinitivo con AR, ER o IR Elimina Añade: AR/ER/IR + PERSONAL VERB PRONOUNS STEM -AR -ER -IR Yo -é -í -í Tú -aste -iste -iste -ó -ió -ió -amos -imos -imos Él/Ella/Usted Nosotros/as Vosotros/as Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes p.ej. I sang canté she drank bebió -asteis -isteis -isteis -aron -ieron -ieron you (+1) lived vivisteis ¡A practicar! Completa las frases con la forma correcta del verbo. 1. ………………………… una ensalada anoche. (yo, comer) 2. ………………………… la televisión ayer por la noche. (él, mirar) 3. ………………………… a la escuela la semana pasada. (ellos, asistir) 4. ………………………… tu casa el mes pasado. (tú, vender) 5. ………………………… por teléfono con él ayer. (ella, hablar) 6. ………………………… un coche el año pasado. (nosotros, comprar) 7. ………………………… las ventanas hace dos horas. (vosotros, abrir) 8. ………………………… un zumo de naranja ayer por la mañana. (ellas, beber) /8 Traduce al español 1. We washed the dishes yesterday morning. _________________________________________________________________ 2. I ran to the corner last week. _________________________________________________________________ 3. You wrote a letter two days ago. _________________________________________________________________ 4. They didn’t open the windows yesterday. _________________________________________________________________ 5. They sold the car last year. _________________________________________________________________ 6. She closed the door 15 min ago. _________________________________________________________________ 7. I bought a shirt yesterday. _________________________________________________________________ 8. You (+1) went to bed at 11.30 last night. _________________________________________________________________ /16 b – verbos irregulares Here is a list of 11 verbs that go through a change in their radical in the preterit and have their own ending. Yo Andar… (to walk) Anduv- -e Tú Estar… (to be) Estuv- -iste Él/Ella/Usted Tener… (to have) Tuv- -o Nosotros/as Caber… (to fit) Cup- -imos Vosotros/as haber… (aux. to have) Hub- -isteis Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes Poder… (to be able to) Pud- -ieron Poner… (to put/to place) Pus- Saber… (to know) Sup- Hacer… (to make/to do) Hic- Querer… (to want) Quis- Venire… (to come) Vin- ¡A practicar! Completa las frases con la forma correcta del verbo. 1. ………………………… una fiesta hace dos semanas. (yo, tener) 2. ………………………… a la escuela ayer. (tú, andar) 3. Anoche no ………………………… dormir. (él, poder) 4. No ………………………… nada ayer. (ella, hacer) 5. ………………………… a tu casa el fin de semana pasado. (nosotros, venir) 6. ………………………… los zapatos en el armario. (vosotros, poner) 7. ………………………… increíblemente enfermos el mes pasado. (ellos, estar) 8. ………………………… al cine el sábado pasado. (ellas, saber) /8 Traduce al español 1. We made the beds yesterday morning. _________________________________________________________________ 2. I put the clothes in the wardrobe last night. _________________________________________________________________ 3. They had to work for ten hours yesterday. _________________________________________________________________ 4. When did you know the answer? _________________________________________________________________ 5. He came to my party. _________________________________________________________________ 6. They had an accident last tuesday. _________________________________________________________________ 7. You (+1) were here for more than 1h. _________________________________________________________________ 8. She didn’t come to the meeting because she had an accident. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ /18 c - spelling change Some verbs have a change in their spelling in order to keep the same sound in the pronunciation. There are 3 types of spelling change and these only occur for the YO form: 1. verbs ending in –gar: insert a –u- before the –é yo llegué Other verbs following this pattern are: jugar (to play) yo jugué pagar (to pay) yo pagué 2. verbs ending in –car: the –c- changes to –qu- before the –é yo practiqué Other verbs following this pattern are: aparcar (to park) buscar (to look for) yo aparqué yo busqué destacar (to stand out) yo destaqué justificar (to justify) yo justifiqué practicar (to practice) yo practiqué sacar (to take out/to take a picture) yo saqué tocar (to touch/to play an instrument) yo toqué 3. verbs ending in –zar: the –z- changes to –c- before the –é yo empecé Other verbs following this pattern are: autorizar (to authorize) comenzar (to begin) organizar (to organize) yo autoricé yo comencé yo organicé rezar (to pray) yo recé simbolizar (to symbolize) yo simbolicé D - ser and ir Though SER and IR are irregular verbs in the preterit, they have identical conjugations in this tense. However, IR is much more used than SER. PERSONAL SER and IR PRONOUNS Yo fui Tú fuiste Él/Ella/Usted fue Nosotros/as fuimos Vosotros/as fuisteis Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes fueron E - Decir and traer Decir and traer follow the same pattern in the conjugation of the preterit. There are also other verbs derived from these which follow the same trend. p.ej. atraer (to attract) distraer (to distract) PERSONAL DECIR TRAER Yo dije traje Tú dijiste trajiste dijo trajo Nosotros/as dijimos trajimos Vosotros/as dijisteis trajisteis Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes dijieron trajieron PRONOUNS Él/Ella/Usted F - Dar and ver DAR and VER follow a very similar trend in the preterit and so are easy to learn together. VER is only irregular in the fact that there are no accents in the YO and ÉL/ELLA form. PERSONAL DAR VER Yo di vi Tú diste viste dio vio Nosotros/as dimos vimos Vosotros/as disteis visteis Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes dieron vieron PRONOUNS Él/Ella/Usted G - -ir stem changing verbs Most stem changing verb change only in the present. However, -ir stem changing verbs also have a small change in the preterit. The change is made in the third person singular (él/ella) and plural (ellos/ellas). Verbs with a o → ue change to –u-, e → ie change to –i- and e → i change to –i-. PERSONAL DORMIR MENTIR PEDIR PRONOUNS OUE EIE EI Yo dormí mentí pedí Tú dormiste mentiste pediste durmió mintió pidió Nosotros/as dormimos mentimos pedimos Vosotros/as dormisteis mentisteis pedisteis Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes durmieron mintieron pidieron Él/Ella/Usted For a list of radical changing verbs ending in –ir, refer to p.7 of this booklet. H - i → y change For verbs with a vowel before the verb ending (-ER or –IR) there is also a change in the third person singular (él/ella) and plural (ellos/ellas). The –i- changes to –y- and the other persons take an accent on the –í-. PERSONAL CREER PRONOUNS Yo creí Tú creíste Él/Ella/Usted creyó Nosotros/as creímos Vosotros/as creísteis Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes creyeron Other verbs follow this pattern: p.ej. caer (to fall) cayó cayeron caerse (to fall down) se cayó se cayeron leer (to read) leyó leyeron oír (to hear) oyó oyeron I - verbs ending in -UIR Verbs ending in –UIR change from i → y in the third person singular (él/ella) and plural (ellos/ellas). However, there is no accent on the -i-. PERSONAL DESTRUIR PRONOUNS Yo destruí Tú destruiste Él/Ella/Usted destruyó Nosotros/as destruimos Vosotros/as destruisteis Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes destruyeron Other verbs follow this pattern: p.ej. construir (to build) construyó construyeron contribuir (to contribute) contribuyó contribuyeron huir (to run away, flee) huyó huyeron incluir (to include) incluyó influir (to influence) influyó incluyeron influyeron J - verbs ending in -UCIR All of the verbs ending in -UCIR follow the same pattern as producir, as shown in the table below. PERSONAL PRODUCIR PRONOUNS Yo produje Tú produjiste Él/Ella/Usted p.ej. produjo Nosotros/as produjimos Vosotros/as produjisteis Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes produjeron conducir (to drive) condujo deducir (to deduce) dedujo introducir (to introduce) introdujo introdujeron reducir (to reduce) redujeron traducir (to translate) tradujo redujo condujeron dedujeron tradujeron ¡A practicar! Completa las frases con la forma correcta del verbo. 1. ………………………… el piano para una hora. (yo, practicar) 2. ………………………… la fiesta. (yo, organizar) 3. ………………………… a bailar en la mesa. (yo, comenzar) 4. ………………………… una foto de mi gato. (yo, sacar) 5. ………………………… a las dos. (yo llegar) 6. ………………………… la cuenta. (yo, pagar) 7. ………………………… presidente del club para un año. (él, ser) 8. La fiesta ………………………… terrible. (ser) 9. No ………………………… a la boda. (nosotros, ir) 10.¿Porqué …………………………? (vosotros, ir) 11.¿Qué le …………………………? (tú, decir) 12.La televisión me …………………………. (distraer) 13.No les ………………………… nada. (yo, decir) 14.El azúcar ………………………… a las moscas. (atraer) 15.………………………… un paquete a Juan ayer. (ellos, dar) 16.………………………… a Juan en el parque. (nosotros, ver) 17.¿Qué película ………………………… anoche? (vosotros ver) 18.¿………………………… el gato que Miguel nos …………………………? (vosotros, ver) (dar) 19.No ………………………… el regalo que te …………………………. (yo, ver) (ellas, dar) 20.Me …………………………. (ellos, mentir) 21.Mercedes ………………………… para diez horas. (dormir) 22.………………………… esta pregunta dos veces. (vosotros, repetir) 23.………………………… por un aumento. (yo, pedir) 24.Pilar no me …………………………. (oír) 25.Los ladrones ………………………… nuestra casa. (destruir) 26.Romeo y Julieta …………………………. (huir) 27.Las lágrimas ………………………… en sus mejillas. (caer) 28.………………………… al teatro. (nosotros, conducir) 29.………………………… bien este documento. (tú, traducir) 30.………………………… la respuesta. (yo, deducir) 31.El presidente no ………………………… los impuestos. (reducir) /33 Traduce al inglés – Más difícil These verbs have a slightly different meaning when used in the preterit instead of the present. Can you guess which? 1. Conocí a Juan hace dos años. _________________________________________________________________ 2. Ella pudo encontrarlo. _________________________________________________________________ 3. No pudimos encontrarlo. _________________________________________________________________ 4. Quise salir. _________________________________________________________________ 5. El no quiso comer. _________________________________________________________________ 6. ¿Cuándo lo supiste? _________________________________________________________________ 7. Sentí llamarla. _________________________________________________________________ 8. Ella tuvo un bebé ayer. _________________________________________________________________ /16 K - Marcadores de tiempo The following words will tell you straight away that you need to use the preterito indefinido! ayer …… yesterday anteayer the day before yesterday la semana pasada …… last week anoche …… last night el mes pasado …… last month el otro día …… the other day el año pasado …… last year entonces …… then hace dos días, años …… two days, years ago ayer por la mañana …… yesterday morning EL PRETÉRITO IMPERFECTO Situación: The imperfect is the tense used to describe things or events that used to happen or were repeated in the past. p.ej. There was a house near the beach. It was huge and it was decorated with flowers. My hotel room was disgusting, the toilets were blocked and there were stains on the sheets. It is also used to ‘set the stage’ for another action that happened suddenly. p.ej. I was coming in when the phone started to ring. imperfect preterit She was crossing the road when she got hit by a car. imperfect preterit finally it is used to refer to time and age in the past. p.ej. It was 1pm when I arrived. imperfect preterit I was 10 when I met Jack. imperfect preterit A - verbos regulares Formación: Verbo en el infinitivo con AR, ER o IR Elimina Añade: AR/ER/IR + PERSONAL PRONOUNS Yo p.ej. -AR -ER -IR -aba -ía -ía Tú VERB -abas -ías -ías Él/Ella/Usted STEM -aba -ía -ía Nosotros/as -ábamos -íamos -íamos Vosotros/as -abais -íais -íais Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes -aban -ían -ían I sang cantaba she drank bebía you (+1) lived vivíais b – verbos irregulares Here, we are very lucky! There are only 3 irregular verbs… Again, learn these 3 off by heart! IR SER VER iba era veía ibas veía íbamos éramos veíais ¡A practicar! Completa las frases con la forma correcta del verbo. 1. ………………………… en un banco. (él, trabajar) 2. ………………………… en la cama. (nosotros, saltar) 3. ………………………… la revista ‘Cosmopolitan’. (ella, leer) 4. ………………………… en Nueva York. (ellos, vivir) 5. ………………………… ir a la escuela a pie. (tú, soler) 6. ………………………… a la escuela en autobús. (vosotros, ir) 7. ………………………… mi cama cada mañana. (yo, hacer) 8. ¿Dónde …………………………? (ellas, comer) 9. ………………………… un perro. (tú, tener) 10.………………………… la televisión todo el domingo. (vosotros, ver) 11.Pablo Picasso ………………………… un pintor. (ser) 12.El gato ………………………… en el desván. (estar) /12 Traduce al español 1. Mary had a little lamb. _________________________________________________________________ 2. The windows were open and the door was closed. _________________________________________________________________ 3. George was tall and handsome. _________________________________________________________________ 4. My pen didn’t work. _________________________________________________________________ 5. The cat was black and white. _________________________________________________________________ 6. The monster had two heads. _________________________________________________________________ 7. We wore uniforms to school. _________________________________________________________________ 8. My father was a farmer. _________________________________________________________________ 9. The store didn’t have the shirt that I wanted. _________________________________________________________________ 10.Susana was pregnant. _________________________________________________________________ 11.I was embarrassed. _________________________________________________________________ 12.Where was the money? _________________________________________________________________ 13.It was 2.30am when you called me. _________________________________________________________________ /28 C - marcadores de tiempo The following words will tell you straight away that you need to use the preterito imperfecto! a menudo …… generalmente …… a veces …… muchas veces …… cada día …… siempre …… cada año …… todo el tiempo …… de vez en cuando …… varias veces often usually sometimes many times every day always every year all the time from time to time several times
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